10th Standard, Social – Geography CHAPTER – 28
INDIA – MAJOR INDUSTRIES
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
- Bengal iron company of West Bengal was located in Kulti in West Bengal
- Manufacturing of cloth from various kinds of fibres is called Textile industry.
- The first paper industry of India was located on banks of Hoogly river.
- ISRO was established in the year 1969
- Make a list of industrial zones.
Answer: There are 8 main industrial zones in the country. They are, - Hoogly Region 2. Mumbai-Pune Region 3. Ahmedabad-Vadodar Region
- Damodar Valley Industrial Region 5. Southern Industrial Region 6. National Capital Region
- Vishakapatnam – Guntur Region 8. Kollam – Thiruvananthapuram Region.
- Which are the places of Iron and steel industry?
Answer: The major iron and steel industries in India are: - Tata Iron and Steel Plant- TISCO – at Jamshedpur of Jharkhand.
- Indian Iron and Steel Company – IISCO – Burnpur, West Bengal
- Visweswarayya Iron and Steel Company – VISCO – at Bhadravathi, Karnataka
- Iron and Steel Company at Bhilai, Chattisgarh 5. Iron and Steel Company at Rourkela, Odisha
- Iron and Steel Company at Durgapur, West Bengal 7. Iron and Steel Company at Bokaro, Jharkhand
- Iron and Steel Company at Salem, Tamil Nadu
- Iron and Steel Company at Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
- What are the factors influencing the location of an industry?
Answer: Industries are concentrated mainly in the areas of advantages. Availability of raw materials, energy resources, market, transport facility, availability of labour, port facility etc, are influenced on the location of industries. Besides, the location of industries is also influenced by the land availability at low cost, technology and government policies. In addition, factors influencing the location of industries vary from one type of industry to another. - What are the raw materials used in paper industry?
Answer: The raw materials used for the paper industry are bamboo obtained from the forests, wood pulp and grass. - Explain the distribution of cotton textile industries in India.
Answer: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have maximum number of cotton textiles industries. Mumbai of Maharashtra has highest cotton mills and hence, it is called the ‘Manchester of India’ (Manchester is Britain’s main textile industry centre), ‘Cottonopolis’ of India. In addition, Nagpur, Sholapur, Kolkata of West Bengal, Kanpur of Uttar Pradesh, Indore of Madhya Pradesh, Surat of Gujarat, Coimbatore, Salem and Chennai of Tamil Nadu, Bengaluru and Davangere of Karnataka have cotton textile industries. - What are the effects of biotechnology on agriculture?
Answer: Indian Government was established separate corporation in 1986 about the development of Bio-technology, due to this the great revolution was started in agriculture. Through the procedure of grafting in plants and animals and by the use of new seeds, medicines, fertilizers, organic fertilizers, developed hybrid seeds soya beans, maize, cotton etc. have been developed. In recent times, plant biotechnology, environment, bio-diversity and medical biotechnology are also being used. - What are the changes resulting from the use of advanced technology?
Answer: With the development of human knowledge and increased use of advanced technology, the Central Government formally set the Advanced Technology Attachment in1990. As a result of this, advanced technology is used in telephone, internet communication, defence department, weapons and nuclear bombs, satellite launching, Lunar projects like Chandrayana,
transparent in city administration in government offices (eg: Nemmadi, Sakala, Janaspandana etc.), development of global economic system, educational, social and economic affairs and elections. - What are the main achievements of ISRO?
Answer: The main achievements of ISRO are,
1) The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) was introduced by Indian space organization (ISRO) for enhancing better experience in search – rescue operation.
2) India was the first country to reach MARS for the first time through ISRO.
3) India was the first country to land on the South – pole through the satellite launched by ISRO
III. Match the following:
A B
i. Mumbai a. Manchester of India
ii. Bengaluru b. Silicon Valley
iii. Bhadravathi c. Vishveshwarayya Iron and Steel Industry
iv. Belagavi district d. Sugar industries
Some more questions: - Which are the important industries of India?
Answer: The important industries of India are,
a) Iron and Steel Industry (b) Cotton Textile Industry
c) Sugar Industry (d) Aluminium Industry (e) Paper Industry
d) Knowledge-based Industry (i) Information Technology (IT), (ii) Biotechnology (BT)
(iii) Advanced Technology (AT) - What is Textile industry?
Answer: Production of cloth from various types of fibres is called ‘Textile Industry’. - When the first cotton textile industry was established in India?
Answer: The first cotton textile industry was established in 1854 at Mumbai and Baruch - Write a short note about Sugar industries in India.
Answer: India ranks first in the production of sugar and second in its export. Sugar production was known to Indians since ancient times. This industry is located in sugarcane-growing areas. Maximum number of sugar industries is located in the Ganga river plain region. The sugar industries are found in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh etc. There are more than 700 sugar mills in India producing about 359 lakh metric tons of sugar. Sugar is being exported to the U.S.A., Britain, Iran, Canada and Malaysia. - What are factors of Aluminium Industry in India?
Answer: Aluminium was discovered recently in the year 1886. It is the most important non-ferrous metal produced in India. Aluminium industries are concentrated in a few places in the country. This industry depends mainly on three factors: supply of electricity, availability of bauxite, availability of other metals and supply of capital. The aluminium industries are in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. - When was Paper industry established in India? Where are the main paper factories in India?
Answer: The first paper industry in India was established in Serampur of West Bengal in 1840 on the banks of the river Hoogly. Majority of the paper industries of the country are found in West Bengal. In addition to these, paper factories are also established in Mumbai, Pune, Chindwara, Amaravathi, Nagpur, Nasik, Karad, Raja Mahendra Varam, Raigadh, Tirupati, Meerut, Varanasi, Ghaziabad and Lucknow. Paper factories are located many places of Gujarat, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. There are many paper mills in various places in the country. - Write a paragraph about Information technology in India.
Answer: In order to encourage development of the software industry and its export, the Indian government established Software Technology Parks (STP) in 1991 itself. Today, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh are very much advanced having developed information technology training centres and universities. Software forms a major part of our exports and has enabled us to earn foreign exchange. Bengaluru is the center of Information Technology and it is called Silicon Valley of India. - How did Advanced Technology developed in India?
Answer: With the development of human knowledge and increased use of advanced technology, the Central Government formally set the Advanced Technology Attachment in 1990. As a result of this, advanced technology is used in telephone, internet communication, defence department, weapons and nuclear bombs, satellite launching, Lunar projects like Chandrayana, transparent in city administration in government offices (eg: Nemmadi, Sakala, Janaspandana etc.), development of global economic system, educational, social and economic affairs and elections.
