10th Standard, Social Science, Sociology, Chapter – 23
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND PROTESTS
EXERCISES
I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. Chipko movement took place in Uttarkhand State.
2. The leader of the Narmada agitation is Medha Patkar.
3. Dr. Shivaram Karanth agitated against the Kaiga Nuclear power station.
II Answer the following in one sentence each:
4. What is ‘Collective behaviour’?
Answer: Man is a social animal, and hence always lives in groups, communities and societies. When he is a member of a group, he behaves in a manner totally different from the way he behaves when he is alone. This kind of behavior is called ‘collective behaviour’.
5. Who is the leader of ‘Chipko’ movement?
Answer: Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna and Shri Chandiprasad Bhatt was the leader of ‘Chipko’ movement
6. What is self-help group?
Answer: The group which formed by women for self-helped and base on trust and co-operation. This group is called self-help group. These groups empower women economically and socially.
7. What is labour movement?
Answer: The movements carried out through Labour organisations to uphold the dignity of labourers and to protect the interests of labourers are called labour movements.
III Answer the following in two or three sentences after discussing them in groups:
8. What does collective behavior include?
Answer: The thoughts, feelings and behavior of a large number of disorganized people coming together accidentally constitute collective behaviour. Human behaviour coming under the scope of collective behavior includes mobs, rumours, propaganda, public opinion, revolution, social movements etc.
9. What is a ‘mob’? Give examples.
Answer: ‘Assembly of people around a common interest without any expectation or planning is called a mob”. The mob is a temporary assembly of people which responds to a particular provocation. For ex: a group of people assembled near a theatre to buy tickets, an assembly of people around an accident scene. etc.
10. Describe the nature of a mob.
Answer: Mob is a temporary assembly of people. In this, people assemble at a specific place. Members of a mob are influenced very easily by mutual feelings, opinions and acts. There is a possibility of display of suppressed feelings. Sometimes such displays assume violent form.
11. Describe the meaning and nature of environmental pollution.
Answer: The soil, air, water and biosphere around us getting polluted with toxins and chemicals is called environmental pollution.
With the increase in human population, the pressure on the environment where human beings are living is progressively increasing. Developed nations are destroying the environment for the purpose of their luxurious life. Many nations in the world are exerting enormous pressure on the environment due to the problems faced by increase in the human population. In addition, the unbridled growth of cities, proliferation of industries, technological progress, expansion of transport system etc. are destroying the forests and polluting the environment. Consequently, pollution is posing a serious problem.
12. Explain the importance of women’s self-help groups.
Answer: Women have formed self-helped groups base on trust and co-operation. These groups empower women economically and socially. In addition to that self-helped groups play an important role in providing them with equal rights opportunities and powers.
Additional Questions and Answers:
1 . Name the different environmental movements.
Answer: The different environmental movements are
- Chipko movement
- Appiko’ movement
- Narmada movement
- Silent Valley movement
- Movement against MRPL
- Agitation against Kaiga
2. Describe Chipko movement.
Answer: The government gave permission to chop down certain trees in Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarkhand. The people there realized that there will be loss of trees, and their environment will be destroyed. So they hugged the trees and halted their destruction. This movement took place in 1973 under the leadership of Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna and Shri Chandiprasad Bhatt. As a result, the permission given to chop down the trees was withdrawn. This movement is known as Chipko movement.
3. What is Appiko’ movement?
Answer: In 1983, the farmers of Salyani village in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka started a movement. When the contractors came to cut down trees in Kelase forest, in order to stop them, the farmers hugged the trees and protested. The purpose of the farmers’ protest was to stop smuggling of trees, and develop awareness among the common people about the importance of growing trees and the importance of environment. Later this movement was popularly known as Appiko movement.
4. Explain briefly about Narmada movement.
Answer: An agitation was launched against the construction of a dam across the Narmada River under Sardar Sarovar Project in Gujarat. The leaders of this movement were environmental activists Medha Patkar and Baba Amte who felt that with the construction of the dam, there would be large scale destruction of forests, damage to the environment and threat to many animal species. This is called as Narmada Bachavo Andolana
5. What is Movement against MRPL?
Answer: Environmentalists protested against the ‘Mangalore Refineries and Petrochemicals Limited’ (MRPL) in Mangalore in Karnataka when they realized that the chemicals fumes from the proposed oil refinery would destroy the environment. This movement is called Movement against MRPL.
6 . Describe the Agitation against Kaiga
Answer: Dr.Shivaram Karanth and other intellectuals carried out a movement against the Nuclear Power Generation Center proposed to be set up in Kaiga in Karnataka. This agitation was carried out because the agitators felt that the nuclear power generation center would cause loss of forest cover, and the radiation from the center would pollute the environment, thus endangering the survival of various animal species of the area.
7 . Name the different movements organised by women.
Answer: The different movements organised by women are
- Alcohol Prohibition Movements and
- Women Self Help Group
8 . Name the other movements taken place in India.
Answer: The other movements taken place in India are Farmer’s Movement Labour Movements Anti – Untouchability Movement
9. What is Riots? Explain the Nature of Riots.
Answer: Riots are another type of mob behavior. Violent and destructive nature of mob behavior is called riot. Those involved in riots go on destroying everything in their way. Sometimes, these riots lead to large scale loss of property and lives. The people engaged in riots do not have any particular aim or cause for the destruction they cause. Riots have become serious challenges for law and order. Communal clashes, communal fights, group clashes are the some examples of riots. Riots occur more in towns and cities.
IV Activities:
1. Visit women’s organizations and self-help groups in your Place. Collect their programmes with objectives.
2. Learn from the members how the women’s organizations and self-help groups have enabled economic development of women.
V Project:
1. Collect the information and prepare the album about environmental movements in Karnataka.
2. Prepare a report on the project on the scheme Sasya Shyamala implemeted in your school.
