8th Standard, Social, Sociology, CHAPTER 10 – MAN AND CULTURE

8th Standard, Social, Sociology CHAPTER–10

MAN AND CULTURE

Exercises

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Culture means cultivate.

2. Conventions are activities engage in again and again in our daily lives.

3. We get to see unity pluralistic culture in India.

II. Answer the following in brief:

4. What is culture?

Answer: Culture is that complex system involving knowledge, the arts, morality, law, customs, abilities and talents that we learn being members of society. In short, whatever we are, that is our culture.

5. Give examples of the cultural diversity in your environment.

Answer: The cultural diversity in our environment are

There cannot be the same kind of culture in any society. There will be different cultures depending on the religions and life styles followed by the people.

1. A classroom or neighbourhood might have students or residents who speak different native languages, such as Hindi, English, or local Kannada dialects. 
2. People might wear different traditional clothes like a sari, a salwar kameez, or a lungi, reflecting their regional and cultural background
3. The different groups of people celebrating festivals such as Diwali, Eid, or Christmas, each with its own rituals and traditions. 

In India we get to see a pluralistic culture consisting of hundreds of tribes, thousands of castes, many races and hundreds of languages. That is the reason why India is said to have unity in diversity.

6. What are customs and traditions?

Answer: Culture is made up of beliefs, values, rules, social conventions and morals. These can collectively be called customs and traditions.

7.  Give examples for customs and traditions.

Answer:  Customs are practices that are followed regularly by individuals or a community. The example for customs and traditions are

1. Celebrating festivals such as Diwali (Festival of Lights), Holi (Festival of Colours), which bring people together. 
2. Indian practices like wearing a saree or dhoti, performing Namaskara as a greeting, removing footwear before entering a temple.
3. Using the Namaskara or Namaste gesture to greet elders or others, showing respect. 
4. Enjoying regional dishes like dosas and sambar in the South or biryanis in the North, as a significant part of culture. These are shared practices, beliefs, or ways of life passed down through generations that define a community’s identity. 

The example for customs and traditions in local are

1. Bisuparaba
2. Nagaradhane
3. Keddasa (Bhumipooja)
4. Aati amavase
5. Aati  hunime
6. Tulasi Pooja
7. Ugadi

III. Answer the following in four-five sentences each:

8. What are conventions? Give an example of a convention.

Answer: Conventions are the activities we engage in again and again in our daily lives.

We engage in eating, sleeping, greeting and other similar activities according to the prevailing conventions without giving much thought to them. These activities are inseparable parts of culture. For example, you do not ask your teacher everyday how you have to sit down to eat or sit in the class. You will have learnt all of them just through practice of conventions. Conventions enable us to do our daily duties without any hesitation.

9. Explain cultural diversity.

Answer: There cannot be the same kind of culture in any society. There will be different cultures depending on the religions and life styles followed by the people. We call this pluralistic culture. Even when cultures vary, they can influence one another deeply. For instance, the chudidar worn by women is a kind of dress which has come from the South-West Indians to us. In the same manner, the trousers and shirts that we wear, the English language that we speak have come to us from the British. In India we get to see a plu­ralistic culture consisting of hundreds of tribes, thousands of castes, many races and hundreds of languages. That is the reason why India is said to have unity in diversity.

10. Describe the various aspects of culture.

Answer: The culture divided into two groups. They are,

1. Material culture
2. Non material culture
3. Material culture: Material culture are tangible objects created and used by people in a society, such as clothing, tools, technology, architecture, and food.
4. Non material culture: Non material culture are tradition, belief, ritual and custom, Moral values, ideals, art, literature, religion language etc.

IV. Activity:

1. Describe a fair held in your locality and discuss about it with your elders.