8th Standard, English SL PROSE 2
SIR C.V. RAMAN
Pre reading task – KAYAKAVE KAILASA
ILA Your teacher reads a passage. Listen to it. Then answer the following questions:
- Where was Bhaskara born?
Answer: He was born in 600 CE in the town of Vijjadavida, near present-day Bijapur in Karnataka, India
- Who was his father?
Answer: Bhaskara’s father was Mahesvara.
- Why do we, Kannadigas, feel proud of Bhaskara?
Answer: We feel proud of Bhaskara because he born in near Bijapura in Karnataka state.
- Who taught him Mathematics first?
Answer: Bhaskara was first taught mathematics by his father, Maheśvara
- What is Bhaskara’s invention?
Answer: Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya, is credited with significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including the invention of differential calculus and the Chakravala method for solving indeterminate equations. He also made advancements in understanding the number zero and negative numbers.
IRA 1. Look at the pictures of great scientists given below. Identify them and mention at least one contribution of each of them in the field of science.
- Sir. Isaac Newton – Laws of motion
- Marie Curie – Radioactivity
- Homi Jehangir Bhabha – Nuclear Physics
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai – Space Science
- J.C. Bose – Plant Science
- James Watt – Steam engine
IRA 2. Match the names of scientists in Column ‘A’ with their field of work in Column ‘B’:
‘A’ ‘B’
1. Homi Jehangir Bhabha a. Nuclear Physics
2. Sir. Isaac Newton b. Laws of motion
3. James Watt c. Steam engine
4. Marie Curie d. Radioactivity
5. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai e. Space Science
6. J.C. Bose f. Plant Science
C1 Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partner.
1. Who were Raman’s parents?
Answer: Chandrashekara Iyer and Parvathi Ammal were Raman’s parents.
2. Why was Raman not able to attend school regularly?
Answer: Raman used to fall sick every now and then, and he was not able to attend school regularly.
3. Where did he complete his Intermediate examination?
Answer: Raman completed the Intermediate examination from Hindu College, Vishakapatna.
4. What subjects did his relatives advise him to take for B.A.?
Answer: His relatives advised him to give up science and take History and Economics as his special subjects for B.A.
5. Why could not Raman go to the United Kingdom for higher studies?
Answer: After his M.A., Raman wanted to go to the United Kingdom for higher studies in science. But his health broke down again, and he could not go.
C2 Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partner.
1. How long did he work at Calcutta University?
Answer: Raman works at Calcutta University for fifteen years.
2. What made Raman give up the highly paid post of Special Accountant General?
Answer: When he was offered the post of Professor at Calcutta University, Raman give up the highly paid post of Special Accountant General.
3. How did the Soviet Union honour him?
Answer: Soviet Union honoured him by awarding the International Lenin Prize.
Read and Write :
C3 Read the following questions. Before writing the answers, discuss your responses/ideas with others in the group.
1. What makes you think that Raman, even as a boy, had great interest in Science?
Answer: Even as a boy, he had made the model of a dynamo. During his school days, he borrowed science books from college students and read them. That makes us to think that Raman, even as a boy, had great interest in Science.
2. Why did Raman’s relatives ask Raman to take up Arts Subjects? How did Raman react to it?
Answer: Raman’s relatives ask Raman to take up Arts Subjects because of his poor health. Raman used to fall sick every now and then, and he was not able to attend school regularly. But Raman had made up his mind to study science, he took Physics. He passed his B.A. securing the first rank, and a number of prizes.
3. What was Raman’s first disappointment in life?
Answer: After his M.A., Raman wanted to go to the United Kingdom for higher studies in science. But his health broke down again, and he could not go. This was the first and greatest disappointment in his life.
4. Why was Raman not happy with the post of Deputy Accountant General?
Answer: Raman was appointed as Deputy Accountant General in 1907, at Calcutta. His relatives perhaps felt happy to see that Raman had settled down well in life. But Raman was not happy. A scientist like Raman could not put up with the life of a Deputy Accountant General. That is why Raman not happy with the post of Deputy Accountant General.
5. How can you say that Raman had not lost interest in science when he was the Deputy Accountant General?
Answer: Raman had not lost interest in science when he was the Deputy Accountant General. Even as Deputy Accountant General, Raman mixed with scientists and took interest in Science. One day, while returning from his office, he saw a banner outside a building on which was printed – THE INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF SCIENTISTS. At the sight of that banner, Raman got off the moving train and went to meet the scientists who had gathered in that building. Sometime later, when he was in Rangoon, he learnt that an institution had bought a piece of modern scientific apparatus. He hurriedly put on his clothes and went to have a look at it. Such was the interest he had in science.
Vocabulary:
V1 Fill in the blanks with the words opposite in meaning to the words underlined.
e.g. Harish reached the bus station in time but his friend reached late, so, he missed the bus.
Ans.: [late]
1. We should neither borrow nor lend.
2. Why do you feel old? Feel young
3. Don’t stand outside. Come inside
4. Are wealthy people really happy or sad?
5. Eat less but work more.
V2 The pronunciation of the following pairs of words are almost the same but they differ in meaning. Use each word in the pair in meaningful sentences.
1. break, brake
2. knew, new
3. sight, site
4. some, sum
5. plays, place
e.g. Sachin Tendulkar breaks the previous record.
Let me apply the brake.
- When we lost the keys, we have to break the door.
The driver suddenly applied brake.
2. He knew all about his neighbours.
Radha bought new car.
3. My grandmother’s eye sight is not bad even in this age.
My Uncle build a new house in his site.
4. Some of the boys are very naughty in the class.
Using calculator is easy to find the sim.
5. There are number of plays to participate.
There is no place to sit in the bus.
V3 Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs or idioms, choosing from the ones given in brackets.
[make up, put up with, give up, put on, a fish out of water, make out, break down]
e.g. He speaks using high sounding words. Really, I can’t make out anything.
1. We usually put on cotton clothes during summer.
2. One day, a villager came to me and asked me to read a letter. I tried my best, but could not make out what the person had written.
3. Great people/persons have an ocean of patience. They have learnt to put up with difficulties.
4. Raju’s health used to break down now and then. So, he had to give up the highly paid post of Accountant in an office. At first he felt like a fish out of water.
5. People should make up their mind to fight against corruption.
V4 Make compound words with the words given in Columns
‘A’ and ‘B’ and use the same in meaningful sentences of your own.
‘A’ ‘B’
1. boy a. class
2. time b. post
3. first c. mate
4. road d. table
5. speed e. map
6. class f. fast
g. hood
e.g. roadmap : Before you visit a country abroad, have a look at the roadmap.
1. He is very clever in his boyhood.
2. Students make themselves a timetable to prepare examination.
3. She passed in first class in her examinations.
4. Roadmap is very helpful when we visit the strange places.
5. Karun send a letter in speed post to Suresh.
6. Meena and Veena are classmates.
V5 Which words/phrases in the text mean more or less the same as the following? Paragraph numbers are given in brackets.
e.g. 1. boyhood [P1] = early days
2. uncomfortable [P3] = fish out of water
3. chance [P3] = opportunity.
4. happily [P5] = gladly.
5. not remember [P6] = forget
6. morning food [P6] = breakfast
7. money permitted to be drawn for expenses [P7] = allowance
8. sympathy [P7] = pity
V6 Give the negative forms of the underlined words using a prefix like in-, un-, dis-, im-.
e.g. a popular poem an unpopular poem
1. an interesting story ________________ an uninteresting story
2. a fortunate thing ________________a unfortunate thing
3. a correct answer ________________ an incorrect answer
4. a pure heart _________________a impure heart
5. a happy day _________________ a unhappy day
6. an honest person _________________ a dishonest person
V7 Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the underlined words.
e.g. 1. The teacher dictates notes.
The teacher gave us dictation.
2. Admit Suresh to VIII standard.
Let Suresh get admission to VIII standard.
3. Literates should educate villagers.
Literates should give education to villagers.
4. Appoint him.
Give him an appointment
5. Have you decided where to go?
Have you taken the decision where to go?
V8 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the words given in brackets.
e.g. Please give your _______ [accept] within a week.
Please give your acceptance within a week.
1. The speaker accepted the resignation [resign] of the legislator.
2. We should not have too much attachment [attach] to anything.
3. The discovery [discover] of the sea route to India was made by Vasco-da-Gama.
4. The teacher admired the honesty [honest] of Manjula.
5. Have a scientific [science] outlook.
6. Please don’t cause inconvenience [inconvenient] to travellers.
7. Make meaningful [meaning] sentences.
8. Why are you afraid of the examiner [examine]?
9. Chemistry is an interesting [interest] subject.
A. Listen and Speak – Vowels / e / and / æ /
Task 1. Your teacher will say these words aloud. Listen and
Repeat Bed said set met pen bad sad sat mat pan
What difference in sounds did you hear?
Yes. The first word in each pair has a vowel sound/e/ and the second
word in the pair has a vowel sound /æ/.
Task 2. Your teacher will say and write the following words. Identify the
vowel sounds in them and write them in the appropriate column.
flee, catch, tense, spin, sleep, fan, left,
mad, scratch, bid, speed, mean, span, dream,
sent, please, trim, hid, hatch, split, fresh,
den, sea, drench, free, mint, sketch, click,
e.g. : please bid hatch drench
Answer:
/i:/ – flee, sleep, speed, mean, dream, please, sea, free,
/ɪ/ – spin, bid, trim, hid, split, mint, click
/æ/ – catch, fan, mad, scratch, span, hatch
/e/ – tense, left, sent, fresh, den, drench, sketch
B. Spoken English
Note: A conversation usually starts with self-introduction. In some cases, it begins with comment on the weather.
Question tags like’isn’t it’? ‘aren’t you’? are usually used in conversation.
Question tags are not questions, but expect agreement of the listener with what is said by the speaker.
Situation: 2
(Two friends Raj and Lathif meet by chance. Fill in the blanks.)
Answer:
Raj: Oh, what a surprise you’re Lathif? Aren’t you?
Lathif: Yes I am. But how come you’re here?
Raj: Lathif, I have come on some official work here.
Lathif: Ah, you’re a business man. You have set up a shop haven’t you?
Raj: Yes, I have. Well, let’s have coffee, shall we?
Lathif: By all means. After that we can talk a lot, can’t we?
C. Reading
Reading Maps: Task. Look at the map of Srilanka which shows the distribution of Tamilians living there
Read the map and the information given carefully. Based on them, say whether the following statements are true or false. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false in the boxes accordingly.
1.Tamilians are over 50% in the northernmost part of Srilanka.
Answer: True
- In Batticola the Tamilians are less than 50%.
Answer: False
- The east coast of Sri Lanka has more Tamilians than its west coast.
Answer: True
- More than 50% of the people in Colombo are Tamilians.
Answer: False
- Only Sinhalese live in Jafna.
Answer: False
- The central part of Srilanka is dense with Tamilians.
Answer: False
- Kandy does not have any sea coast.
Answer: True
D. Grammar. Simple Present Form Task 1. Use ‘walk’ or ‘walks’ in sentences beginning with the following subjects:
e.g. My mother walks early in the morning.
My father – My father walks in the evening.
You – You are walking very fast.
John – John walking with his sister.
Children – Children are interested to walk.
Your sister – Your sister is not walking.
Twenty boys – Twenty boys are participating in the walking competition.
His brother – His brother likes walk in everyday morning.
Task 2. Match the words in column ‘A’ with the words in column ‘B’. Using the appropriate form of verbs, frame sentences. One example is given. Note: The verbs are given in brackets.
e.g., Vendors sell things on the streets.
Answer:
‘A’ ‘B’
A ship sweets
The doctor downwards
A dog in the sky
Birds at 9.00 in the morning
Vendors the ball
Children a cat
A carpenter on water
Water things on the street
Our school tools from wood
The goal keeper the patient
The Present Continuous or The Present Progressive Form.
Task 3. Look at these pictures. Write what they are doing.
Answer:
- A ship sails on water
- The doctor treats the patient.
- A dog chases a cat.
- Birds are flying in the sky.
- Vendors sell things in the shop.
- Children like sweets.
- A carpenter makes tools from wood.
- Water flows downwards.
- Our School begins at 9.00 in the morning.
- The goal keeper stops the ball.
Task 3. Look at these pictures. Write what they are doing.
a boy – running (field)
a student – reading (a book)
a girl – eating (a fruit)
a mother – lighting the lamp
a farmer – carrying a bundle.
eg. Picture 1. A mother is lighting the lamp.
Answer:
1. A mother is lighting the lamp.
2. A boy is running on the field.
3. A student is reading a book
4. A girl is eating a fruit
5. A farmer is carrying a bundle.
E. Writing
Framing sentences
Task 1. Frame appropriate phrases with the words from the table given below. Also, build a context / sentence using the phrase.
Faith, interest, sympathy, slave, passion
To, for, in
Science, money, dancing, the poor, you, memory
e.g. Phrase – Slave to money.
Context: Pradeep is a slave to money. He has become inhuman.
Answer:
- Phrase — Faith in science
Swathi has faith in science. So she decided to continue study the science. - Phrase — Sympathy for the poor.
Srihari has sympathy for the poor. He believes in helping others. - Phrase — Interest for money
Bankers are giving interest for money. They are encouraging savings. - Passion in dancing.
Girls have a passion in dancing. So they can participate in programmes.
Task 2. Rearrange the words into meaningful sentences.
1) from / learn / a little / I/ incident/every.
2) youngster/ a/ of the two/ the bigger/ sturdy/ was.
3) no shoes/ they/and/ wore/muddy/ their/were/ feet.
4) Mahatma Gandhiji/ weapon/ his/non violence/adopted /as.
5) subject/ deeply/ that/ I/ the/ thought/ evening/ on.
e.g., 1. I learn a little from every incident.
Answer:
1 . I learn a little from every incident.
2. The bigger of the two youngster was a sturdy.
3. They wore no shoes and their feet were muddy.
4. Mahatma Gandhiji adopted non-violence as his weapon.
5. I thought the subject deeply on that evening.
Suggested Reading: Discoveries and Inventions that Changed our World
Editor: Pete Moore
Publishers: Apple.
