10th Standard, Social History Chapter – 4
OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE IN KARNATAKA AND WODEYARS OF MYSORE
Exercises
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers
1. The First Anglo-Mysore war took place between British and Hyder Ali
2. The Second Anglo-Mysore war ended with Mangalore treaty.
3. Raja Wodeyar made Srirangapattana as his capital.
4. Kittur Rani Chennamma adopted a boy named Shivalingappa
5. Rayanna of Kittur state belonged to Sangolli village.
6. Surapura is in the present district of Yadgiri.
7. The Bedas of Halagali village of Bagalkote district rebelled against the British.
8. The Amara Sullia rebellion was basically a farmer’s rebellion.
II. Discuss in groups and answer later
9. What are the achievements of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar?
Answer: Chikkadevaraja Wodeyarwas an efficient soldier and administrator. He checked the invasion of Shivaji at Madurai, Ikkeri and Bijapur. He captured Magadi, Madhugiri, Koratagere and other places. He purchased Bangalore from the Mughal military general. He had the titles like Karnataka ‘Kavichakravarthi’, ‘Aprathima veera’, ‘Thenkanaraja’ and ‘Navakoti Narayana’. He started the council of ministers (Athara Kacheri) to help in administration. The postal system came into being during his time. A dam was constructed across river cauvery and Chikka Devaraja and Dodda Devaraja Canal were also constructed for irrigation. He had patronised many poets like Thirumalarya, Sanchi Honnamma and so on.
10. How did Hyder Ali come to power?
Answer: The death of Chikkadevaraj Wodeyar in 1704 created various political challenges in Mysuru state. Hyder Ali gained prominence in this scenario of uncertainity that clouded over the Mysuru and carnatic region. Hyder Ali soon became popular in using arms and experiments. He undertook the invasion of the forces by active military operations and suppressed Dalvoys. He imprisoned Krishna Raja Wodeyar II and kept him under house arrest and took over the power. He became famous as Nawab Hyder Ali in a short time.
11. What were the effects of Second Anglo-Mysore war?
Answer: The effects of Second Anglo-Mysore war are,
( i) By entering into the ‘Salbai Agreement’, the British were successful in winning over the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad to their side.
( ii) Hyder Ali died due to illness during the war in 1782.
( iii) The British tried to take advantage of Hyder Ali’s death by invading Mangalore and Bidanoor.
( iv) The ‘Treaty of Mangalore’ ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1784.
( v) Tippu Sultan decided to protect Mangalore and the coastal regions. He defeated the British.
12. What were the conditions of Srirangapatanam treaty?
Answer: The conditions of Srirangapatanam treaty are as follows.
( i) Tippu was forced to part with half of his kingdom.
( ii) Tippu was forced to pay three crore rupees as war damage fee and had to pledge two of his sons as a guarantee against the payment.
( iii) Tippu was also forced to release the prisoners of war.
( iv) The British withdrew the combined army from Srirangapatna.
13. What were the achievement of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV?
Answer: The achievement of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV are as follows.
( i) The progressive visionary of Krishna Raja Wodeyar IV had efficient administration of his Diwans made the Mysore State to become one of the leading provinces in the nation.
( ii) He abolished fees in all primary schools to develop primary education. He helped girls education. He started the University of Mysore and also started scholarship to the students continuing education in foreign countries.
( iii) New railway lines were laid. Many small and large scale industries were started. Among them the Iron and Steel Factory, Cement Factory, Paper mills at Bhadravathi, Sugar Factory at Mandya. Sandal oil factory at Mysore, Soap factory at Bangalore. Chemical and Fertilisers factory at Belagola and so on.
( iv) In 1909 the Indian Institute of Science was established at Bangalore with the help of Tata.
( v) Special attention was given to the development of Irrigation. A barrage was constructed across Cauvery near Belagola.
( vi) Reforms in Gold mines, establishment of colleges, construction of Marikanive reservoir, Railways, Hospitals and Hydro electric project across Cauveri at Shivanasamudra were started.
( vii) Electricity was supplied to Kolar Gold mines and to Bangalore. The first city to be electrified in India was Bangalore.
( viii) Mysore became a ‘Model State’ due to his administration. Mahatma Gandhiji called him ‘Rajashri’.
14 The Fourth Anglo Mysore strengthened the position of the British in Mysore. Discuss.
Answer: The political activities against Tippu Sultan became intensified during the period of Lord Wellesley. Tippu’s attempt to form an alliance of local rulers and his closeness with the French angered Lord Wellesley further. Tippu sent an ambassador to France to seek the alliance of the French. This enraged the British. They thought that an alliance between France and Tippu Sultan would threaten the existence of the British in India. Another treaty, Subsidiary Alliance containing inhuman and impractical conditions was forced upon Tippu Sultan. Tippu rejected this. His refusal started the Fourth Anglo Mysore War.
The war started in 1799. The British were able to destroy the strong fort. Tippu died while fighting the British in 1799. With the death of Tippu Sultan, the British were happy as if the whole India came under their rule. Most of the territories under Tippu’s rule was shared among the British, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad.
15. Explain the method of resisting the British power by Dondiya Wagh.
Answer: In 1779 Dondiya Wagh started his career as a cavalry soldier in Hyder Ali’s army and grew to the position of a military general. He built his own private army and fought along with Tippu Sultan. He built a small army and started his operations. He organized the army with the unhappy soldiers of Tippu’s army and the feudatory rulers who had lost power. He captured Bidanoor and Shivamogga forts and made unsuccessful attempt to capture Chitradurga fort.
An attack was organized by Lord Wellesley on Shivamogga, Honnali, Harihara and other places under the control of Dondiya. Dondiya lost his base. After the capture of Shikaripura, Dondiya ran away towards Gutti, which was under the control of the Nizam of Hyderabad. When the Nizam’s army attacked Gutti, Dondiya had to run towards the regions of the Marathas. The Maratha army attacked him and captured most of his horses, camels and arms. In spite of these, he continued his war fare. Dondiya had recaptured Shikaripura fort and he was scattered by the British army again. The British tried to defeat the army of Dondiya which used to move in the area between Tungabadhra and Malaprabha. They attacked him from all the directions. The British attacked him near Yapalaperavi and killed him at Konagal.
16. Explain the method adopted by Rayanna to fight the British.
Answer: Sangolli Rayanna fought for the independence of Kittur and felt it was his duty to liberate his motherland. He fought against the British and was imprisoned along with Rani Chennamma. He was later released by the British. There are many oral histories about Rayanna. He developed a sense of nationalism and went on organizing an army. He organized secret meetings at sensitive places. He aimed at looting the treasury and taluk offices of the British. He had an army of five hundred men. He became furious with the villagers who were assisting the British army. The British devised a cunning strategy to capture Rayanna. An Amaldar named Krishnaraya joined hands with them. Thus, Rayanna was cunningly captured and brought down to Dharwad. Many of his soldiers surrendered after his arrest. He was declared as a main offender and was hanged to death at Nandagadh on 26th January in 1831.
17. Explain the contributions of Puttabasappa of Kodagu in the freedom struggle.
Answer: It is interesting to note that a farmer named Puttabasappa, as Kalyanaswamy. This Puttabasappa later presented himself as Swami Aparampara. This also notes the fluid nature of the rebellion. Puttabasappa took over the leadership of the rebellion. The rebellion started in the hilly region. Puttabasappa organized the rebels and calmed down the people. He declared that tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn, if the rebel government assumed power. The rich farmers, land owners and local chieftains were assured of this move. The capture of the government office in Bellare was the first move in this rebellion. Puttabasappa killed an Amaldhar who was known for his brutality. This further increased the popularity of Puttabasappa. This incident gained more support for the rebellion and the rebellion became more famous. The rebels marched towards Mangalore to capture it. The British were engaged in fortifying their fort in Mangalore. The rebels marched towards Mangalore through Panemangalore and Bantwal. They looted the treasury and prison of Bantwal.
The British sought the army of Thalacheri, Cannanore and Bombay to quell this uprising. On hearing this development, Puttabasappa and his associates fled towards Sullia. The British captured them with the help of people in Kodagu. Puttabasappa, Lakshmappa, Bangarasa, Kedambadi Ramayiah Gowda and Guddemane Appaiah were hanged to death.
18. Discuss the Surapura rebellion in brief.
Answer: Surapura is at fifty kilometers from the present day Yadgir district. Venkatappa came to the throne after the death of his father Krishna Nayaka. His ascendance to throne was opposed by Krishna Nayaka’s brother Peddanayaka. This resulted in internal struggles. The British interfered in the affairs of Surapura. In 1842, they appointed Meadows Taylor as their Resident and gained proxy power over Surapura. The British government was observing the various developments of Surapura. In 1857, it came to the notice of government that the representatives of Nana Saheb were present in Surapura. This made the British suspicious of King’s intentions. The British appointed an officer named Campbell to report on the various activities of the King. The officer submitted a report to the resident of Hyderabad that the King is involved in maladministration.
Venkatappa Nayaka is usually presented as the leader of 1857 revolt in Karnataka by the historians. The British army captured Surapura in 1858. The war continued, there is confusion regarding Venkatappa Nayaka’s end.
III. Activities
1. Read books on Sangolli Rayanna.
2. Collect more information on the life history of Rani Chennamma.
IV. Projects:
1. Organize a study tour to Surapura. Visit the fort and observe the speciality of the guest house built during the British period.
2. Collect information on Mysore Palace.
