9th Standard, Social, History CHAPTER 2 – INDIA FROM 6TH TO 14TH CENTURY

9th Standard, Social History CHAPTER – 2
INDIA FROM 6TH TO 14TH CENTURY
EXERCISES
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The founder of Gurjara-Pratihara Rajput dynasty was Harichandra.
2. Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori in the first battle of Terrain.
3. The chief commander of Mohammad Ghori was Qutubuddin Aibak.
4. The first woman to rule among the Delhi Sultans was Razia Sultan.
5. The famous Sultan of the Khilji dynasty was Allauddin Khilji.
6. The capital was shifted from Delhi to Devagiri during the rule of the Tughlaq.
   II. Answer the following questions.
7. Explain the contributions of the Rajput kings in the field of literature.
   Answer: The Rajput kings encouraged scholars and there by have contributed a lot to the field of literature. The Rajput kings Bhoja and Munja were scholars themselves. King Munja had poets Padmagupta and Halayudha in his court. During the rule of Bhojaraja great Jain scholars like Shantisena, Prabhachandrasuri and Ghanapala enjoyed his patronage. Great poetic works like ‘Gita Govinda’ of Jayadeva, ‘Kiratarjuniya’ of Bharavi, Ravanavadha of Bharthrahari, Kavyameemamsa of Mahendrapala were written in this period. Dramas like ‘Balaramayana’ and ‘Karpuramanjari’ of Rajasekhara, ‘Mahavira Charita’ and ‘Uttara Ramacharita’ of Bhavabhuti, historical works like ‘Rajatarangini’ of Kalhana, ‘Prithvirajavijaya’ of Jayanika and ‘Kumarapalacharita’ of Hemachandra are the significant works of this period. ‘Prithvirajaraso’ was written by Chand Bardai and ‘Bhoja prabandha’ was written by Ballala. During this period Gujarati, Rajasthani and Hindi languages saw lot of development. The Rajput kings encouraged the educational centers of Nalanda, Banaras, Vikramashila and Ujjain.
8. Who was the important king of Karkota dynasty of Kashmir? How he expanded his Empire?
   Answer: Lalithaditya Muktapeeda was the important king of Karkota dynasty of Kashmir. He defeated Yashovarma of Kanauj. He laid his supremacy over Kabul by defeating Shahi dynasty. He maintained diplomatic relations with many of the kings of vindhyachal, making sure that no one became his enemy in these parts. He developed friendly relations with the Rastratutas also. He extended his empire’s influence upto Bengal in the East. Lalithaditya made friendship with the Tang kings of China. With their help, he fought against the Tibetians and liberated many of the kingdoms of north-west India that were under their control. And also he expanded Karkota kingdom upto Turkey. Thus, Karkota dynasty included Uzbekistan, Tajakistan, Krigistan and Kajakistan and Kabul.
9. Describe in brief the administrative system under Iltamush.
   Answer: Iltamush divided his kingdom into provinces (ikta) and to oversee the administration, appointed provincial officers (iktadars). He appointed a group of 40 Sardars to advise him in the matters of administration and justice. The Prime Minister and the judges were advisors to the Sultan. Iltamush brought gold and silver coins into circulation. He completed the construction of Qutub Minar which was started in Qutubuddin Aibak’s time.
10. What are the administrative reforms of Allauddin Khilji?
    Answer: Allauddin Khilji brought about many reforms in the administration. He abolished religious endowments, inams (gifts), land and subsidy. He established efficient intelligence network. He abolished consumption of alcohol, drugs and gambling. He also banned social gatherings of his lieutenants, their socialization with the public and inter-caste marriages. He directed his lieutenants to collect heavy tax from the public.
11. What are the administrative reforms brought in practice by Mohammad bin Tughlaq?
    Answer: The administrative reforms brought in practice by Mohammad bin Tughlaq are,
    He compiled a detailed record of land taxes pertaining to land holdings. He established the Department of Agriculture. He rendered financial help to the farmers. He increased the taxes in Do-ab areas. Mohammad bin Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri in Madhya Pradesh. This resulted in innumerable people suffering a lot of problems. Mohammad bin Tughlaq adjusted the value of the currency to the value of gold and silver coins in circulation of his time. He brought gold coin name ‘Dinar’ and silver coin named ‘Adali’ into circulation. Minting of coins was not the monopoly of the government. Expensive administrative practices, severe famine, shifting of the capital and its re-shifting emptied the coffers of the kingdom. Mohammad bin Tughlaq carried on his administration in the areas he had conquered in the Deccan. In this manner, Mohammad bin Tughlaq became the first of the Delhi Sultans to establish his vast empire in India. Mohammad bin Tughlaq assembled a very large army without any farsightedness. As he did not try to expand his empire by invasions, he caused a heavy loss to the state exchequer.
12. Illustrate the contributions of the Delhi Sultans to art and architecture with examples.
    Answer: The Delhi Sultans introduced a new style of architecture known as ‘Indo-Islamic’. Arches, domes and minarets form the main features of this style. The Delhi sultans constructed forts, mosques, palaces, public buildings, madrasas and choultries. Examples of Indo-Islamic style are: Kuwat-ul-Islam mosque, Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza and Jamait Khana mosques at Delhi.
13. What was the result of the First Battle of Panipat?
    Answer: Babar Delhi defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat. Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi of Lodhi dyanasty was incompetent. His governors, Alam Khan and Daulat Khan, invited the Afghans to invade India. Thus, Babar invaded India and in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and established Moghul Rule.
    III. Activities:
14. Identify the Rajput kingdoms in the outline map of India.
    IV. Project:
15. With the help of your teacher, collect pictures and information about the monuments constructed by the Rajputs and prepare an album.