I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. __________ means a group of people living in a specific area and leading a common, social life.
Answer: Community
2. The cornerstone of Indian society is ________ community.
Answer: Rural community
3. The tribes of the eastern region belong to the _______ race.
Answer: Mongolian race
II. Answer the following questions.
4. What is meant by a ‘city’?
Answer: A city is the permanent settlement of people having high population density and variety of social strata.
5. What does industrialisation suggest?
Answer: In Industrialisation villagers were brought to cities and industrial centers. Not only did the villagers desert their villages and take shelter in cities, but they also accepted the available opportunities to work. Geographical and industrial movement brought people closer. Railways and surface transport like buses brought people together. More than anything else, industrialisation changed our social environment and created cities.
6. Explain the term ‘village’.
Answer: A group of people leading a simple life in a limited land area is called a village. The village is a small group of people who not only engage in agriculture for their livelihood but also follow it as a way of life.
7. How does anthropology define ‘tribe’?
Answer: Anthropology defines a tribe thus: ‘a group usually restricted to a specific geographical area, having its own language, cultural harmony and social organization’.
8. Explain the features of a city.
Answer: The features of a city are,
1. Social diversity
2. Anonymity
3. Increased social movement
4. Greater emphasis on individualism, materialistic comfort and privacy
5. Development of associations and unions
6. Families of small size
7. Fast pace of social reforms
9. List out the features of a rural community.
Answer: The features of a rural community are,
1. Small community
2. Harmonious relationships
3. Social untiy
4. Informal system of control
5. Prominence of undivided families
6. Prominence of agriculture
7. Influence of nature
8. Influence of the neighbourhood
9. Simplicity
10. Increased religious involvement
11. Traditional opinions
12. Wide-spread caste system
13. Illiteracy, poverty etc.
10. What are the problems of rural communities?
Answer: The problems of rural communities are,
1. Agricultural problems
2. Problems related to cottage industries
3. Illiteracy, poverty and unemployment
4. Lack of proper health facilities
5. Lack of civic amenities
11. Identify the unique features of tribal communities.
Answer: The unique features of tribal communities are,
1. Common geographical area
2. Group of family/cluster of families
3. Inter-relatedness
4. Common language
5. Simplicity and self-contained nature
6. Common religion
7. Common culture
8. Common name
9. Sense of unity
10. Illiteracy
12. How are the Indian tribes classified?
Answer: Indian tribes have been geographically classified into three groups. They are,
- Tribals of the North East region
- Tribals of the Central region
- The Southern tribes
