10th Standard, Social, Political Science, Chapter – 21
INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY AND GLOBAL CHALLENGES
EXERCISES
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1 The architect of Indian foreign policy is Jawaharlal Nehru.
2 The world human rights day is celebrated on 10th December.
3 India as a peace loving country advocates disarmament.
II. Discuss in group and answer the following questions.
4 What is foreign policy?
Answer: The policy followed by a nation in dealing with other nation is called Foreign Policy. Today every nation needs its own Foreign Policy.
According prof. Mahendrakumar Foreign policy is “Throughout course of action for achieving objectives in foreign relation as dedicated by the Ideology of National interest”.
5 Which are basic principles of India’s foreign policy?
Answer: The basic principles of India’s foreign policy are as follows.
1. Opposition to colonialism
2. Opposition to imperialism
3. Opposition to Racial discrimination
4. Policy of Non Alignment
5. Priority for the progress of African and Asian Countries
6. Support for disarmament
7. Support to United Nations (UNO) and world peace
6 Which are the challenges faced by world after the Second World War?
Answer: The Challenges faced by world after the Second World War are as follows.
- Denial of Human Rights
- Arms race: Arms race is the competition among the countries for production, stockpiling and use of arms.
- Economic Inequality
4. Terrorism
7 Mention the measures taken by India to protect human rights.
Answer: India has always advocated universal human rights. India has been advocating protection of Human rights in United Nations General Assembly. Fundamental rights are guaranteed in Indian constitution. India oppose genocide and all forms of exploitation and oppression. India tries to protect Human rights through United Nations and other global organisations. India has established National Human rights Commission and State Human Rights Commissions in this regard.
8 Arms race is a way for global destruction, in this backdrop mention the result of arms race.
Answer: The result of arms race are,
- Fear, Instability, among the countries has increased the possibilities of war.
- Arms race hinders in achieving world peace.
- It leads to financial loss and economic instability.
- Former President of USA Eisenhoweronce expressed. ‘This world in Arms is not spending money alone it is spending sweat of its labourers, genius of its scientists and the hopes of its children’s’. This statement confirms the ill effects of Arms race.
- To avoid all the mentioned evils disarmament is the only need of the hour.
9 What are the features of economically backward nations? Describe the reasons for their backwardness.
Answer: The features of economically backward nations are,
- Poverty and unemployment rates are high.
- In adequate utilization of natural resources.
- Poor quality of education.
- Ill health and malnutrition is high.
- Lack of technology, lack of proper infrastructure is found in these countries.
The reasons for their backwardness: European powers have established their colonies in Africa, Asia and even in Latin American Countries. Due to colonialism and imperialism the resources of the country from Asia, Africa and Latin America were looted. Owing to this policy of imperialism those countries who suffered alien Colonial rule have remained economically backward.
10 Mention the measures under taken by India to remove economic inequality among nations.
Answer: The measures under taken by India to remove economic inequality among nations are as follows.
- India has launched the policy of non-alignment.
- India advocated for the economic assistance to the needy countries by rich nations without any conditions.
- Thereby India has championed the cause of national pride of the economically weak countries.
- At the same time India stood for the smooth flow of capital investment by rich nations.
11. Describe the effects of terrorism.
Answer: The effects of terrorism are as follows.
- Terrorism causes loss of life, property.
- It is a hindrance to economic development it threatens socio culture aspects.
- It causes mental disturbance.
- Terrorism disrupts law and order it is a worry to global security of various countries.
12. What measures undertaken by India to tackle challenge of terrorism?
Answer: Measures undertaken by India to tackle challenge of terrorism are as follows.
- National Investigation Agency (NIA) has been established it has formed Special Forces to counter terrorist operation.
- India is strongly oppose terrorism within India and in foreign soil and is constantly asking for global co-operation to counter terrorism.
- Government has created ATS (Anti-terrorist squads), Established Intelligence Agencies like IB (Intelligence Bureau) RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) using through it strong themed intelligence system).
- A financial intelligence unit has been setup to prevent the transfer of funds to terrorist organisations.
- India signifies its supports on the global fight against all forms of terrorism.
III. Activities:
1 Collect the information of Human Rights Commission in safeguarding human rights.
Answer: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established on 12 October, 1993. The statute under which it is established is the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993 as amended by the Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019. The NHRC is an embodiment of India’s concern for the promotion and protection of human rights.
The Protection of Human Rights Act mandates the NHRC to perform the following:
- Proactively or reactively inquire into violations of human rights by the government of India or negligence of such violation by a public servant.
- The protection of human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation
- Review the factors, including acts of terrorism that inhibit the enjoyment of human rights and recommend appropriate remedial measures
- To study treaties and other international instruments on human rights and make recommendations for their effective implementation
- Undertake and promote research in the field of human rights
- To visit jails and study the condition of inmates
- Engage in human rights education among various sections of society and promote awareness of the safeguards available for the protection of these rights through publications, the media, seminars and other available means
- Encourage the efforts of NGOs and institutions that work in the field of human rights voluntarily.
- Considering the necessity for the protection of human rights.
- Requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any court or office.
2 Collect information on child rights activist Kailash Satyarthi.
Answer: Kailash Satyarthi is a Nobel Peace Prize-winning Indian child rights activist known for his work against child labour and exploitation. He founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save the Childhood Movement) in 1980, which has rescued over 80,000 children from forced servitude. His activism spans international campaigns and policy advocacy to ensure children have access to safety, health, and education, leading to global recognition and legislative changes.
His Organisations are as follows.
- Bachpan Bachao Andolan (BBA): Founded in 1980, this movement rescued and rehabilitates children from forced labour and other forms of exploitation.
- Kailash Sathyarthi Children’s Foundation: A global foundation focused on advocating for child-friendly policies and ensuring the holistic development and empowerment of children.
- Global Campaign for Education: Co-founded this campaign to advocate for universal education.
- 100 Million For 100 Million Campaign: Launched in 2016 to mobilize 100 million youth for the rights of 100 million children who have been denied their rights and liberties.
IV. Project:
1 Make a study of great personalities who fought against violation of human rights.
