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6th Standard, English Second Language, PROSE UNIT 6 – WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY

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UNIT – 6 English Second Language – PROSE

WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY

Glossary

event : an important happening

exciting : causing strong feelings

participate : take part in

victim : one who suffers pain or disability as a result of an accident or

disease

massage : pressing or rubbing to remove pain

gazelle : deer-like animal

recommend : suggest, advise

sprinter : fast runner

spikes : pointed pieces of metal on running shoes

decathlon : a competition where athletes take part in ten separate events-100 mt dash, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400 mt run, 110 mt hurdle, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw,1500 mt run

C1. Complete the following statements by choosing the right answer from the four alternatives given:

1. Wilma Rudolf is famous as black gazelle

2. Wilma is a sprinter

3. Wilma’s legs were weak because her legs were affected by polio

4. Rafer found it difficult to run wearing spiked shoes

5. Decathlon is a competition where athletes take part in ten separate events

C2. Read the lesson and find the answers for the following questions or say the answers orally:

  1. Where was the 1992 Olympics held?

Answer: The 1992 Olympics held in Barcelona.

  • Who are the two athletes that this lesson talks about?

Answer: Wilma Rudolf and Rafer Johnson are the two athletes that this lesson talks about.

  • To which country did Wilma belong?

Answer: Wilma belongs to U.S.A country.

  • What was the doctor’s recommendation to improve Wilma’s legs?

Answer: The doctors recommended regular massage to get her limp leg back to normal and improve.

  • What happened to Rafer’s left leg?

Answer: Rafer’s left leg was badly crushed in a machine. The front of one of the toes was hanging out as though it would fall off.

  • List out the events in decathlon.

Answer: 100 metres dash, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400 metres run, 110 metres hurdle, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw,1500 metres run

C3. Discuss in groups and answer the following questions:

  1. Many countries send their teams to the Olympics. Why?

Answer: Many countries send their teams to the Olympics. Because the Olympics is one of the world’s biggest events. It is an honour for any country to send her athletes to take part in these games. It is not success or failure that counts; what matters is participation in the games.

  • Why are the players not happy when they just win?

Answer: The players put in their best efforts to win. They want to set a new record and become the world’s best ever.

  • How did Wilma’s family help her?

Answer: At the age of four, Wilma had an attack of polio and was in bed for two long years. The doctors recommended regular massage to get her limp leg back to normal. Each member in her family spent some time massaging her leg and in course of time she was able to walk.

  • How did Rafer suffer as a boy?

Answer: Rafer suffered when he was only twelve, his left leg was badly crushed in a machine. The front of one of the toes was hanging out as though it would fall off.

  • What do you learn from the lives of these two great athletes?

Answer: Both these champions had a dream: they set themselves a goal to achieve the dream; they worked with a will to reach this goal. Their dreams came true and they became world famous athletes.

C4. Arrange the details given below in a sequential order and rewrite them as a paragraph.

1. She was in bed for two years.  

2. She became well in course of time.

4. She played for her school in one of the matches.

5. She had regular massage of her limp leg.

6. She had an attack of polio in her fourth year.

Answer:

1. Wilma was weak as a baby.

2. She had an attack of polio in her fourth year.

3. She was in bed for two years. 

4. She had regular massage of her limp leg.

5. She became well in course of time.

6. She played for her school in one of the matches.

Let’s Practise Words :

V1. Who are the following?

1. One who participates in a running race.

r _ _ n _ r

Answer: runner

2. One who takes part in field and track events.

a _ hl _ t _

Answer: athlete

3. One who runs fast for short distances.

s_ _ i _ t__ r

Answer: sprinter

4. One who is injured as a result of a disease.

v__ct_ _

Answer: victim

V2. Complete the following paragraph choosing the correct word from those given in brackets:

All the students of class VI went to the stadium. Some (Some, Sum) of them participated in individual events, a few of them in group events and the remaining went to cheer up their (there, their) friends. Rohit was a good runner. When the race (race, rays) began, all his friends knew (new, knew) that he would (would, wood) win. In the finals, Rohit won (one, won) the first prize (prize, price) and became the overall champion.

V3. Read the words given below and circle the words that do not belong to the group:

1. running, relay, high jump, long jump, kabaddi.

2. coach, carpenter, batsman, bowler, umpire, wicket keeper.

3. chess, carrom, football, table tennis, snake and ladder.

4. Tendulkar, Sehwag, Dhoni, Mahesh Bhupathi, Yuvraj Singh.

V4. Match the awards with the achievements for which they are given :

Khel Ratna                                 – highest award given by the central government for outstanding achievement in any game.

Arjuna award                          – outstanding performance in any game; given by the central government

Drona award               – outstanding coach

Ekalavya award                       – outstanding performance in any game; given by the state government.

Dhyanchand award     – outstanding performance in hockey.

Write any four famous players you know who play the following games:

1. Cricket : Kapildev, Sunil Gavaskar, Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli

2. Hockey : Dhyan Chand, Dhanaraj Pilley, Mukhesh Kumar, Balbir Sing senior

3. Football : Pele, Digo Maradona, Christiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Devid Beckham

4. Tennis : Bjorn Borg, Ivan Lendle, Pete Sampras, Rojer federer, Andre Agassi

5. Chess : Bobbey Fischer, Vishwanathan Anand, Garry Kasparov, Anatoly Karpov, Gukesh Dommaraju

6th Standard, Social, Geography, Chapter 24 – CONTINENT OF AFRICA

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6th Standard Social Geography Chapter 24

CONTINENT OF AFRICA

Exercises

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word:

1 Africa is called Dark Continent.

            Answer: Dark

2 The longest river of Africa is Nile .

            Answer: Nile

3 The highest peak of Africa is Mt. Toubkal.

            Answer: Mt. Toubkal

4 The largest bird of Africa is Ostrich.

Answer: Ostrich

5 The Savanna type of climate is also called Sudan model climate.

            Answer: Sudan model climate

II. Answer the following questions:

  1.  Africa is known as the Central Continent. Why?

Answer: Africa is known as the Central Continent because the special fact is that both the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn pass through this continent. The equator almost passes through the centre of the continent. That is why it is called as the ‘Central Continent’.

  •  What is Isthmus? What is the African Isthmus?

Answer: A narrow strip of land that joins two vast land masses and separates different bodies of water is ‘Isthumus’. The Isthumus of Suez is a narrow strip of land between the Mediterranean Sea and Red seas. It joins the continent of Africa and Asia. It belongs to one of the nations of African continent and lies to the North east of Africa. It was dug to build the Suez canal.

  •  Name the basins of Africa.

Answer: There are five important basins in Africa. They are as follows:

1 The Sudan basin is filled by the White Nile and Blue Nile rivers. This is world’s most extensive marshland known as ‘Sudd’.

2 The Chad basin is occupied by Lake Chad. This basin is a swampy area and the Sahara desert encroaches upon it.

3 The Djouf basin consists of Western Sahara Desert and is found along Mauritania-Mali boundary. It is filled by River Niger.

4 The Congo (Zaire) basin is a great structural basin and occupied by a plateau. River Congo and its tributaries flows across it. It is a forest area.

5 The Kalahari basin is mostly a desert and Steppe grassland and area. It is surrounded by plateau rims.

  •  Mention the types of natural vegetation of Africa.

            Answer: Mountain vegetation, plateau and desert vegetation, and a special type of vegetation called ‘Sudd’ (means barrier) is found in the river valleys of the Nile.

  •  What are the major food crops of Africa?

            Answer; Maize is the only cereal which is important here. Rice and sugarcane are grown in small areas. Cash crops like coffee, palm tree, groundnut are grown in Central, Eastern and other parts of Africa. Coffee has been cultivated in Ethiopia for thousands of years. Africa has large varieties of fruit crops. In the tropical and Mediterranean regions citrus fruits like olives, lemon, orange, grapes are common. In East Africa cashew trees are grown. Zanzibar islands and Tanzania are famous for growing cloves.

  •  Which African countries are rich in diamond reserves?

Answer: Nearly 80% of the world’s total diamond reserves are found in Africa alone. Botswana, Zaire and South Africa are the highest producing countires of Diamonds. Angola, Namibia and Ghana are the other producers.

Activities:

  1. Identify the important rivers and mountains of Africa.

Answer:

Rivers of Africa: The continent of Africa has four major rivers. They are the Nile, the Congo (Zaire), the Niger, and the Zambezi. The Senegal, the Orange and the Limpopo are the other important rivers of Africa.

Mountains of Africa: The continent of Africa has many mountains. However some small hill ranges break the monotony of the flat plains of Africa. Among them the major mountains are Atlas Range, Drakensberg and Kilimanjaro range. Besides these the Ahaggar, the Tibesti, the Ruwenzori, the Cape range and the east African mountains are other mountain ranges in Africa.

Some more Questions:

  1. Mention the different climatic regions of Africa.

Answer: On the basis of climatic condition, Africa can be divided into eight climatic zones as follows

1 The Wet Equatorial Climatic Region.

2 The Savanna Type of Climatic Region

3 The Tropical Desert Climatic Region.

4 The Mediterranean Climatic Region.

5 The Temperate Grassland Type

6 The Highland Climatic Region.

7 Humid Sub-tropical Climatic Region.

8 Dry winter Subtropical Region.

  • Explain the physical setting of Africa.

Answer: Most of the land mass of Africa is surrounded by seas or oceans. Africa is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. In the northeast, Africa is joined to Asia by Sinai Peninsula, though it is now separated by the Suez Canal. Africa is separated from Europe by the Strait of Gibraltar and the Arabian Peninsula by the Red sea. The coast line of Africa is 30,500 Km. long.

  • Mention the important rivers of Africa.

Answer: The continent of Africa has four major rivers. They are the Nile, the Congo (Zaire), the Niger, and the Zambezi. The Senegal, the Orange and the Limpopo are the other important rivers of Africa.

  • Name the important mountains of Africa.

Answer; The continent of Africa has many mountains. However some small hill ranges break the monotony of the flat plains of Africa. Among them the major mountains are Atlas Range, Drakensberg and Kilimanjaro range. Besides these the Ahaggar, the Tibesti, the Ruwenzori, the Cape range and the east African mountains are other mountain ranges in Africa.

  • Which are the animals found in Africa?

Answer: Africa is best known for the enormous diversity and richness of its wild life. The rain forest is the home of many animals. Chimpanzee, a variety of monkeys, Gorillas, Bison, Leopard and other hoofed animals are found here. Crocodiles and Hippopotamus are found in rivers and swamps. The zebras, wild cats, giraffes, rhinoceros, elephants, impala, cheetahs, and African lions, donkeys, horses, adders and camels are also found here.

  • Name the birds are found in African continent.

Answer: Bright colourful birds like kingfishers, ostrich, shoebill, eagles, etc. are commonly found here in African continent.

  • Which countries of Africa are suffering from draughts and starvation?

Answer: The countries of (Sahel) Funder Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Northern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia frequently suffer from droughts and people suffer due to starvation.

  • What are the Reasons for the backwardness of agriculture in Africa?

Answer:  Old methods of farming, which is purely subsistence in nature, outdated implements, illiteracy, tribalism, lack of capital and foreign investment are the main reasons for the backwardness of agriculture in Africa.

  • Which African countries are rich in Gold mining?

Answer: South Africa alone has about half of the world’s gold reserve. The main distribution states are Witwatersrand (Transvaal) and in Orange Free State. More than 50% of the continents total gold production comes from South Africa, Zimbabwe and the Democratic republic of Congo (Zaire).

  1. Mention the four groups of people in Africa.

Answer: The People of Africa belong to four groups. They are,

(1) Pygmies, Bushmen and Masai who live to the South of Sahara desert.

(2) The Arabs who live in North Africa.

(3) The Indians who live in South Africa and East Africa.

(4) The Europeans live in South Africa and other fertile land of other river basins.

7th Standard, English, Poem 7 – Work is Worship

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7th English Poem – 7

Work is Worship

Glossary :

admonish : advise severely.

holy mantle : covering worn for religious worship.

deliverance : it is the state in which you feel you are saved from bad conditions.

tattered : torn .

toil : hard work.

B. Reading, Speaking and Writing

Take turns with your partner to ask or answer these questions. Explain to him/her why you think your answer is correct. Quote from the text if necessary. Write down your answers.

Underline the word/words that complete these sentences.

  1. In this poem, the poet is addressing you/the reader/ the worker/the worshipper.

Answer: In this poem, the poet is addressing you/the reader/ the worker/the worshipper.

  • The poet sounds angry/irritated/impatient.

Answer: The poet sounds angry/irritated/impatient.

  • The poet is ordering /admonishing/ advising the worshipper.

Answer: The poet is ordering /admonishing/ advising the worshipper.

  • The poet is asking the worshipper five questions/ four questions/three questions. (scan the poem to find out)

Answer: The poet is asking the worshipper five questions/ four questions/three questions. 

  • The poet does not know the answers/ thinks the worshipper knows the answers/ wants to make the worshipper think deeply.

Answer: The poet does not know the answers/ thinks the worshipper knows the answers/ wants to make the worshipper think deeply.

  • The poet gives two examples/ three examples/ four examples of what pleases God.

Answer: The poet gives two examples/ three examples/ four examples of what pleases God.

  • The poet does not tell the worshipper where to find God. (True/Not True)

Answer; Not True

  • The worshipper does not tell the poet what he really wants. (True/Not True)

Answer: Not True

9. The worshipper tells the poet that he does not want _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(Complete the sentence)

            Answer: The worshipper tells the poet that he does not want to take rebirth. He worships God because for deliverance.

10. The Creator is happy when he has no work to do. (True/Not True)

            Answer: Not True

11. Give your own examples of hard work that can please God.

            Answer:  Working hard in any profession, such as a sweeper, cook, officer, doctor, professor, lawyer. Helping elders, disabled people, and underprivileged children is appreciable and can please the god. In Mahabharatha, Arjuna did the same to won the heart of Krishna. In Ramayana Hanuman ji also done the hard work and worshiped Rama.

12. Give one or two examples of people who pleased God by their hard work.

            Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose and Chathrapathi Shivaji are the two examples of people who pleased God by their hard work.

13. Do the last two lines talk about death? Discuss this point with your partner.

            Answer: No. The last two lines do not talk about death. The last two lines says that all the worshipers have to see the god in their hard work.

C. Writing: Write a short summary of the poem.

A short summary of the poem:

‘Work is Worship’ poem was written by Rabindranath Tagore (1861 – 1941) is best known as a poet, and in 1913 was the first non-European writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Rabindranath Tagore was an Indian Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter.

‘Work is Worship’ refers to the importance and value of Work in our life. Worship alone can achieve nothing. Hard working is also important in our life. Work is Worship states the importance and values of Work in our life. Just the way we honour our Gods with full dedication and devotion, we must honour our work the same way. Work and worship are two different terms but are connected because it teaches us to worship our work as we worship God.

೭ನೇ ತರಗತಿ (7th Standard), ಕನ್ನಡ ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಭಾಷೆ, ಪಾಠ ೧೨ – ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿಒಂದುಸುತ್ತು (ಗದ್ಯ)

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೭ನೇ ತರಗತಿ (7th Standard) ಕನ್ನಡ ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಭಾಷೆ, ಪಾಠ – ೧೨

ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು (ಗದ್ಯ)

I. ಪದಗಳ ಅರ್ಥ ತಿಳಿಯಿರಿ :

ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸು – ಸೆಳೆ

ಕಾಯ್ದೆ – ಕಾನೂನು; ಕಟ್ಟಳೆ; ನಿಯಮ.

ಕುಶಲತೆ – ನಿಪುಣತೆ

ಚರ್ಮವಾದ್ಯ -ಚರ್ಮದಿಂದ ಮಾಡಿದ ವಾದ್ಯ.

ಜಾತ್ರೆ – ರಥೋತ್ಸವಕ್ಕೆ ಜನ ಸೇರುವುದು

ನಿರಂತರ – ಸದಾ; ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ.

ನಿರ್ಮಿಸು – ತಯಾರಿಸು

ಬೆಂಡು ಬತ್ತಾಸು – ಒಂದು ಬಗೆಯ ಸಿಹಿತಿಂಡಿ.

ಸನಿಹ – ಹತ್ತಿರ

ಸಮೂಹ – ಗುಂಪು

ಸೊಗಸು – ಚೆಲುವು

ಹರ್ಷೋದ್ಗಾರ – ಸಂತೋಷದ ಧ್ವನಿ

ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಗಳು :

೧. ನಂದಿಧ್ವಜ – ಹದಿನಾರರಿಂದ ಹದಿನೆಂಟು ಮೊಳ ಎತ್ತರವಿರುವ ಬಿದುರಿನ ಬೊಂಬಿಗೆ ಹಿತ್ತಾಳೆ

ಬಿರುಡೆಗಳನ್ನು ಜೋಡಿಸಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಏಳೆಂಟು ಅಡಿ ಎತ್ತರದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಣ್ಣ ಆಕೃತಿಯ ನಂದಿ ವಿಗ್ರಹವಿರುತ್ತದೆ. ಕಂಬದ ತುದಿಗೆ ರೇಷ್ಮೆ ಧ್ವಜವನ್ನು ಕಟ್ಟಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ. 

೨. ವೀರಗಾಸೆ – ಶೈವ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರಿದ ಒಂದು ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆ.

೩. ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ – ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾದ ನೃತ್ಯ, ಹಾಡುಗಾರಿಕೆ, ಮಾತುಗಾರಿಕೆ ಹಾಗೂ ವೇಷಭೂಷಣಗಳನ್ನು

ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಒಂದು ಶಾಸ್ತಿçÃಯ ಕಲೆ. ಇದು ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ ಮತ್ತು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ

ಕನ್ನಡ, ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪ್ರಚಲಿತದಲ್ಲಿದೆ.

೪. ಬಯಲಾಟ – ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಜನಪದ ಕಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆಗಳಿಂದ ಕೂಡಿದ

ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಗಂಡುಕಲೆ. ಇದು ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಕಥೆಗಳನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿ ರಾತ್ರಿಯೆಲ್ಲಾ

ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ.

೫. ಕಂಸಾಳೆ – ಮಲೆಮಹದೇಶ್ವರನ ಭಕ್ತರಾದ ದೇವರ ಗುಡ್ಡರು ಬಳಸುವ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾದ

ವಾದ್ಯ.

೬. ಹಾಲಕ್ಕಿ ಕುಣಿತ – ಇದೊಂದು ಸುಗ್ಗಿ ಹಬ್ಬ. ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪ್ರಚಲಿತದಲ್ಲಿದೆ.

೭. ದೊಂಬರಾಟ – ದೈಹಿಕ ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮದ ಚಮತ್ಕಾರವನ್ನು ಪ್ರದರ್ಶಿಸುವ ಒಂದು

ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆ. ಇದನ್ನು ನಡೆಸುವವರು ಬಹುತೇಕ ಅಲೆಮಾರಿಗಳೇ

ಆಗಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ.

II. ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಒಂದು ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿನ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ ವೇಣು ಏನೆಂದು ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿನ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ ವೇಣು  “ಅಬ್ಬಾ ! ಅಜ್ಜಾ, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಎಷ್ಟೊಂದು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳಿವೆಯಲ್ಲಾ! ಪ್ರತಿದಿನವೂ ಹೀಗೆ ಇರುತ್ತವೆಯೇ?” ಎಂದು ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಿದನು.

೨. ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿ ಯಾವ ಸಾಹಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಳು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಉತ್ತರ:- ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿ ತಂತಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಸಾಹಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಳು.   

೩. ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿಯನ್ನು ಕಂಡ ರಶ್ಮಿಗೆ ಕಾಡಿದ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳೇನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:-  ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿಯನ್ನು ಕಂಡ ರಶ್ಮಿಗೆ “ಈ ರೀತಿ ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ದುಡಿಸುವುದು ತಪ್ಪಲ್ಲವೇ? ಅಲ್ದೇ…
ಅವಳೂ ನಮ್ಮಂತೆ ಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗಬೇಕಲ್ಲವೇ? ”  ಎಂಬ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು ಕಾಡಿತು.

೪. ಅಜ್ಜನು ವೇದಿಕೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಯಾವ ಯಾವ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಗಳು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತವೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:-   ಅಜ್ಜನು ವೇದಿಕೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ನಾಟಕ, ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ, ಬಯಲಾಟ, ನೃತ್ಯ
ಮುಂತಾದ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಗಳು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತವೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು. 

೫. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ತೆರೆದಿಟ್ಟ ಪದಾರ್ಥಗಳನ್ನು ತಿನ್ನಬಾರದು ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ತೆರೆದಿಟ್ಟ ತಿಂಡಿಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಧೂಳು, ಕ್ರಿಮಿಕೀಟಗಳು ಕುಳಿತಿರುತ್ತವೆ. ಅದನ್ನು ತಿಂದರೆ ವಾಂತಿ ಭೇದಿ ಬರಬಹುದು. ಆದುದರಿಂದ ತೆರೆದಿಟ್ಟ ತಿಂಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ತಿನ್ನಬಾರದು.

ಆ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಎರಡು–ಮೂರು ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಯಾವ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಇದ್ದವು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಮೈದಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಲುಸಾಲು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು. ಆಟಿಕೆ ಸಾಮಾನುಗಳ, ಬಲೂನುಗಳ, ಗೊಂಬೆಗಳ, ಬಳೆ ಸರಗಳ, ಬೆಂಡು ಬತ್ತಾಸು ಸಿಹಿ ತಿಂಡಿಗಳ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಒಂದೆಡೆ. ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಪಾತ್ರೆ, ಹೂ-ಹಣ್ಣುಗಳ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳ ಸಾಲು ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಕಡೆ. ಮಗದೊಂದು ಕಡೆ ಹೋಟೆಲುಗಳು, ಜೋಕಾಲಿಗಳು, ತೂಗುತೊಟ್ಟಿಲುಗಳು ಇದ್ದವು.

೨. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಇರುತ್ತವೆ ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಜಾತ್ರೆಗೆ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಜನ ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಬಂದವರು ತಮಗೆ ಬೇಕಾದುದನ್ನು ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಅನುಕೂಲವಾಗಲೆಂದು ದೂರದ ಊರುಗಳಿಂದ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಸ್ಥರು ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅಲ್ಲದೆ ಮಾರಾಟಗಾರರಿಗೂ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಅವಕಾಶವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಆದುದರಿಂದ ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಇರುತ್ತವೆ.

೩. ರಥದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇರ್ಫಾನ್ ಏನೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಇಲ್ಲಿಯ ರಥವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದವರು ಯಾರು ಗೊತ್ತಾ? ನಮ್ಮ ತಂದೆ ಕಣೋ! ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಅವರ ಗೆಳೆಯರಾದ ರಮೇಶ್, ಜಾರ್ಜ್, ಮಹಮದ್, ವಿನ್ಸಂಟ್, ಶಂಕರಪ್ಪ ಇತರರೂ ಸೇರಿ ರಥ ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇದೆಲ್ಲಾ ಒಂದು ದಿನದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದಲ್ಲ, ಹಲವು ದಿನಗಳಿಂದ ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಸೇರಿ ಮಾಡಿರುವ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ” ಎಂದು ರಥದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇರ್ಫಾನ್ ಹೇಳಿದನು.

೪. ಅಜ್ಜನು ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಂಬAಧಿಸಿದAತೆ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಏನೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ದುಡಿಸುವುದು ತಪ್ಪು. ಅವರೂ ಎಲ್ಲರಂತೆ ಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗಬೇಕು. ಅದಕ್ಕೇ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಹಕ್ಕಿನ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬಂದಿರೋದು. ಅಷ್ಟೇ ಅಲ್ಲ ಹಿಂದೆ ಈ ಆಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳನ್ನೂ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಈಗ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಬಾರದೆಂಬ ಕಾನೂನು ಇದೆ.” ಎಂದು ಅಜ್ಜನು ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಂಬAಧಿಸಿದAತೆ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನು.

೫. ರಥದ ಮುಂದೆ ಸಾಗಿದ ಕಲಾ ತಂಡಗಳು ಯಾವುವು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ರಥದ ಮುಂದೆ ನಂದಿಧ್ವಜ, ಕಂಸಾಳೆ, ವೀರಗಾಸೆ, ಡೊಳ್ಳು ಕುಣಿತ, ಕೋಲಾಟ, ಹಾಲಕ್ಕಿ ಕುಣಿತ ಮೊದಲಾದ ಕಲಾ ತಂಡಗಳು ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದುವು. ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲಾವಿದರು ನರ್ತಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಬ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಓಲಗ, ತಮಟೆ, ಕಹಳೆವಾದಕರು ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಚಂಡೆಧ್ವನಿಗೆ ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ವೇಷಧಾರಿಗಳು ಕುಣಿಯುತ್ತಾ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. 

ಇ) ಈ ಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಯಾರು ಯಾರಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದರು ತಿಳಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. “ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲೇಕೆ ಇಷ್ಟೊಂದು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು.”

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ‘ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯ ಪಾಠದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ರಶ್ಮಿಯು ತನ್ನ ಅಜ್ಜನಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದಳು. 

೨. “ರಥದ ಮುಂದೆ ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿರುವ ವಿವಿಧ ವೇಷಧಾರಿಗಳು ಯಾರು?”

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ‘ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯ ಪಾಠದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ವೇಣು ತನ್ನ ಅಜ್ಜನಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನು. 

೩. “ಹೌದು, ಅವಳ ಧೈರ್ಯ, ಸಾಹಸವನ್ನು ಮೆಚ್ಚಲೇಬೇಕು.”

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ‘ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯ ಪಾಠದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಇರ್ಫಾನನು ವೇಣುವಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನು. 

III. ಭಾಷಾಭ್ಯಾಸ :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸ್ವಂತ ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸು : ಜಾದೂಗಾರನು ಮಾಯಾಜಾಲ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಜನರನ್ನು ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೨. ಕುಶಲತೆ : ಕುಂಬಾರನು ತನ್ನ ಕರ ಕುಶಲತೆಯಿಂದ ಮಡಕೆಯನ್ನು ತಯಾರಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೩. ಸೊಗಸು : ಜೋಗ ಜಲಪಾತದ ರಮಣೀಯ ದೃಶ್ಯವು ನೋಡಲು ಬಲು ಸೊಗಸು.

೪. ವೀಕ್ಷಿಸು : ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಣೀಯ ಸ್ಥಳಗಳನ್ನು ವೀಕ್ಷಿಸಲು ದೂರದೂರದ ಊರುಗಳಿಂದ ಜನರು ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ.

೫. ಕುತೂಹಲ : ಸಣ್ಣ ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳನ್ನು ಕುತೂಹಲದಿಂದ ನೋಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. 

ಆ) ಲಿಂಗ ಸಂಬAಧಿ ‘ಅ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಅಂಶಗಳಿಗೆ ‘ಬ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು

ಹೊAದಿಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

‘ಅ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿ                                    ‘ಬ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿ

೧) ಅಜ್ಜಿ ————————- ಅ) ಅಜ್ಜ

೨) ತಾಯಿ ————————ಆ) ತಂದೆ

೩) ಹುಡುಗಿ ———————–ಇ) ಹುಡುಗ

೪) ಬಾಲಕಿ ———————–ಈ) ಬಾಲಕ

೫) ಗಂಡಸು ———————-ಉ) ಹೆಂಗಸು

೬) ಅತ್ತೆ ————————-ಊ) ಮಾವ

೭) ಅಣ್ಣ ————————-ಋ) ಅಕ್ಕ

ಇ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿರುದ್ಧಾರ್ಥಕ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಅನುಕೂಲ X ಅನಾನುಕೂಲ  

೨. ಸಂತೋಷ X ಅಸಂತೋಷ, ದುಃಖ 

೩. ಧೈರ್ಯ X ಅಧೈರ್ಯ, ಹೆದರಿಕೆ

೪. ಆಧಾರ X ನಿರಾಧಾರ 

೫. ಸಮತೋಲನ X ಅಸಮತೋಲನ

೬. ಸನಿಹ X ದೂರ   

ಈ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಓಡಾಟ = ಓಡು + ಆಟ  

೨. ಬಯಲಾಟ = ಬಯಲು + ಆಟ   

೩. ಹರ್ಷೋದ್ಗಾರ = ಹರ್ಷ + ಉದ್ಘಾರ 

೪. ದೊಂಬರಾಟ = ದೊಂಬರ + ಆಟ 

7th Standard, Kannada SL, Lesson 13 Antima Vidaya, ಪಾಠ ೧೩ – ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ (ಗದ್ಯ)

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ಪಾಠ – ೧೩

ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ (ಗದ್ಯ)

I. ಪದಗಳ ಅರ್ಥ ತಿಳಿಯಿರಿ :

ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆ – ಉತ್ತರ ಕ್ರಿಯೆ                                 ಅನುವು – ಅವಕಾಶ

ಗೊಣಗಾಟ – ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಿತ ಅಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಮಾತು.                   ತುರ್ತು – ಜರೂರು; ಬೇಗನೇ; ಈ ಕ್ಷಣ.

ದೌಡಾಯಿಸು – ಓಡುವುದು; ಅವಸರ.                      ಧಾವಂತ – ಆತುರ

ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡು – ಪ್ರತಿಜ್ಞೆ.                                         ಪಾರಾಗು – ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಯಾಗು

ಪುರುಸೊತ್ತು – ಬಿಡುವು; ವಿರಾಮ.                          ಬಚಾವು – ಕಾಪಾಡು; ರಕ್ಷಿಸು.

ಮಡು – ಆಳ; ಗುಂಡಿ.                                        ಮೂದಲಿಸು – ಹೀಯಾಳಿಸು

ವಿದಾಯ – ಬೀಳ್ಕೊಡು                                      ಶತಪಥ – ಅತ್ತಿಂದಿತ್ತ ನಡೆದಾಡುವುದು

ಸಾಂತ್ವನ – ಸಮಾಧಾನ; ಸಂತೈಸು.                 ಹರಿಹಾಯಿ – ಕೋಪಗೊಳ್ಳು; ರೇಗುವುದು.

II. ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಒಂದು ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ವೈದ್ಯನ ನಡಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಧಾವಂತವಿತ್ತು ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ರೋಗಿಯೊಬ್ಬನನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಲು ತನ್ನಿಂದಾಗಿ ತಡವಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆಯಲ್ಲಾ ಎಂಬ ತಳಮಳವಿದ್ದ ಕಾರಣ ಆ ವೈದ್ಯನ ನಡಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಧಾವಂತವಿತ್ತು. 

೨. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಬಳಿ ಇದ್ದ ತಂದೆಯ ಮುಖದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಆತಂಕವಿತ್ತು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಬಳಿ ಇದ್ದ ತಂದೆಯ ಮುಖದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಳಗೆ ಮಲಗಿರುವ ತನ್ನ ಮಗನಿಗೆ ಏನಾಗಿ ಬಿಡುತ್ತೋ, ಮತ್ತೆ ಆತನನ್ನು ಜೀವಂತವಾಗಿ ನೊಡುತ್ತೇನೋ ಇಲ್ಲವೋ ಎಂಬ ಆತಂಕವಿತ್ತು. 

೩. ಸಾವಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವೈದ್ಯರು ಏನೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದರು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ವೈದ್ಯರಾದವರು ಸಾವನ್ನು ಮುಂದೂಡಬಹುದೇ ವಿನಾ ಸಾವಿನಿಂದ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಬಚಾವು ಮಾಡುವ ಶಕ್ತಿ ನಮಗೂ ಇಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಸಾವಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವೈದ್ಯರು ಹೇಳಿದರು.

೪. ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗೆ ಕಷ್ಟದ ಭಾರ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗುವುದು ಯಾವಾಗ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ತಾನೇ ಆ ಕಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೆ ಸಿಲುಕಿದಾಗ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗೆ ಕಷ್ಟದ ಭಾರ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗುವುದು.

೫. ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ಮನೆಗೆ ತೆರಳಿದ್ದು ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ತುಹೋದ ತನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾಡಲು ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ಮನೆಗೆ ತೆರಳಿದರು. 

ಆ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಎರಡು–ಮೂರು ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರಿನತ್ತ ದೌಡಾಯಿಸಿದ ವೈದ್ಯನ ಮೇಲೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಏನೆಂದು ಹರಿಹಾಯ್ದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಇಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಬರುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ನಿಮಗೆ ಇಷ್ಟೊತ್ತು ಬೇಕಾಯಿತೆ? ನನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಜೀವ ಅಪಾಯದಲ್ಲಿದೆಯೆಂಬುದು ನಿಮಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲವೇ? ನಿಮಗೆ ಕಿಂಚಿತ್ತಾದರೂ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ಎನ್ನುವುದಿಲ್ಲವೇ?” ಎಂದು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರಿನತ್ತ ದೌಡಾಯಿಸಿದ ವೈದ್ಯನ ಮೇಲೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಹರಿಹಾಯ್ದನು.

೨. ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಕ್ರೋಶದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯನ್ನು ಏನೆಂದು ವಿನಂತಿಸಿಕೊಂಡರು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಪ್ಪ. ನಾನು ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ನನಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಬರುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆಯೇ ಹೊರಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ದಯಮಾಡಿ ನೀನೀಗ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಶಾಂತನಾಗು. ನನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಲು ಅನುವು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಡು. ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ತಡವಾಗಿ ಹೋಗಿದೆ” ಎಂದು ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಕ್ರೋಶದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯನ್ನು ವಿನಂತಿಸಿಕೊಂಡರು.

೩. ವೈದ್ಯರು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಏನೆಂದು ಭರವಸೆ ನೀಡಿದರು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಒಬ್ಬ ವೈದ್ಯನಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬಲ್ಲೆನೋ ಅದನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಲು ನನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡುತ್ತೇನೆ.” ಎಂದು ವೈದ್ಯರು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಭರವಸೆ ನೀಡಿದರು.

೪. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಹೊರನಡೆದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಏನೆಂದು

ಮೂದಲಿಸಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಇವನೇಕೆ ಇಷ್ಟು ತಾಳ್ಮೆಗೆಟ್ಟವನಂತೆ ವರ್ತಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನೆ. ನನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಗತಿ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಕೊಂಚ ತಿಳಿದುಕೊಳ್ಳೋಣ ಎಂದರೆ ಅದಕ್ಕೂ ಪುರುಸೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲದಂತೆ ಓಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನಲ್ಲಾ? ಹಣದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಬಿದ್ದವರ ಧಾವಂತವೇ ಇಂತದ್ದು. ಇವರಿಗೆ ರೋಗಿಗಳ ಜೀವಕ್ಕಿಂತ ದುಡ್ಡೇ ದೊಡ್ಡದು. ಛೇ!” ಎಂದು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಹೊರನಡೆದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಮೂದಲಿಸಿದನು.

೬. ನರ್ಸ್ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಏನು ಹೇಳಿದಳು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಅವರ ಮಗ ನಿನ್ನೆಯಷ್ಟೇ ನಡೆದ ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ತು ಹೋದ, ಪಾಪ! ನಾವು ಅವರಿಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ ದುಃಖದ ಮಡುವಿನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರು. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ತುರ್ತನ್ನು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆಯೇ ಆ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಅರ್ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದರು. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಜೀವ ಉಳಿಸಿದರು. ಈಗವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ!!” ಎಂದು ನರ್ಸ್ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದಳು.

ಇ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಏಳು–ಎಂಟು ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ವೈದ್ಯ ಹಾಗೂ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯ ನಡುವೆ ಯಾವ ಮಾತುಕತೆಗಳು ನಡೆದವು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು  “ಇಲ್ಲಿಗೆ  ಬರುವುದಕ್ಕೆ  ನಿಮಗೆ  ಇಷ್ಟೊತ್ತು  ಬೇಕಾಯಿತೆ? ನನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಜೀವ  ಅಪಾಯದಲ್ಲಿದೆಯೆಂಬುದು ನಿಮಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲವೇ? ನಿಮಗೆ ಕಿಂಚಿತ್ತಾದರೂ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ಎನ್ನುವುದಿಲ್ಲವೇ?” ಎಂದು ವೈದ್ಯನ ಮೇಲೆ ಹರಿಹಾಯ್ದನು. ಆಗ ಆ ವೈದ್ಯನು “ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು ಕ್ಷಮಿಸು.  ನಾನು ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯಿಂದ ಹೊರಗಿದ್ದೆ.  ನನಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಬರುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆಯೇ  ಹೊರಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ದಯಮಾಡಿ  ನೀನೀಗ ಶಾಂತನಾಗು.” ಎಂದು ವಿನಂತಿಸಿದನು. ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು “ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗ ಇದೇ ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಕೊಠಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮಲಗಿದ್ದರೆ ನೀನು ಶಾಂತನಾಗಿರುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆಯಾ? ವೈದ್ಯ ಬರುವುದು ತಡವಾಗಿ ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗ ಸತ್ತು ಹೋದರೆ ನೀನೇನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆ?” ಎಂದು ಕೋಪದಿಂದ ಹೇಳಿದನು. ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ವೈದ್ಯನು “ಒಬ್ಬ ವೈದ್ಯನಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬಲ್ಲೆನೋ ಅದನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಲು ನನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ಆದರೂ ನಮ್ಮನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ಮೀರಿದ ಶಕ್ತಿಯ ಮುಂದೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಆಟವೇನೂ ನಡೆಯದು.” ಎಂದು ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಹೇಳಿದನು. “ನಾವು ಆ ಕಷ್ಟದ ಭಾಗವಾಗದೇ ಇದ್ದಾಗ, ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಾಂತ್ವನ ಹೇಳೋದು ತುಂಬಾ ಸುಲಭ. ನಾವೇ ಆ ಕಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೆ ಸಿಲುಕಿದಾಗ ಅದರ ಭಾರ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗೋದು” ಎಂದು ತಂದೆಯ ಗೊಣಗಿದಾಗ ವೈದ್ಯನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಲು ತೆರಳಿದನು. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಬಂದ ವೈದ್ಯನು ತಂದೆಯೊಡನೆ “ನೋಡಿದ್ಯಾ, ನಾನೇಳಲಿಲ್ಲವೇ. ಆ ಕಾಣದ ಶಕ್ತಿ ನಿನ್ನ ಕೈಬಿಡಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಮುಗಿದಿದೆ. ಈಗ ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗ ಪ್ರಾಣಾಪಾಯದಿಂದ ಪಾರಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ” ಎಂದು ಅವಸರವಾಗಿ ಅಲ್ಲಿಂದ ತೆರಳಿದನು. 

೨. ವೈದ್ಯರ ಯಾವ ಗುಣಗಳು ನಿಮಗೆ ಮೆಚ್ಚುಗೆಯಾದವು? ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ವೈದ್ಯರ ಮಗ ಹಿಂದಿನ ದಿನವಷ್ಟೇ ನಡೆದ ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ತು ಹೋಗಿದ್ದ. ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ರೋಗಿಯ ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಿ ಜೀವ ಉಳಿಸಲು ಅವರಿಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ ಅವರ  ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ  ದುಃಖದ  ಮಡುವಿನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರು.  ಆದರೂ ತನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ದುಃಖವನ್ನು ಮರೆತು ಅವರು ತನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಅರ್ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದರು. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಿ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ರೋಗಿಯ ಜೀವ ಉಳಿಸಿದರು. ವೈದ್ಯರ ಈ ಗುಣ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬರಿಗೂ ಆದರ್ಶಪ್ರಾಯ ಹಾಗೂ ಮಾದರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ  ಸಮಾಧಾನದಿಂದಿರುವುದು  ವೈದ್ಯರ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಗುಣವಾಗಿದೆ. ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು ಅಷ್ಟೊಂದು ಕೋಪದಿಂದ ಬೈಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೂ ಹಾಗೂ ಅವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಸಾವಿನ ದುಃಖ ಹಾಗೂ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರೂ ಅವರು ಕೋಪಗೊಳ್ಳದೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಸಮಾಧಾನದಿಂದ ಉತ್ತರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಹಾಗೂ ತಡವಾದುದಕ್ಕೆ ಕ್ಷಮೆಯನ್ನು ಕೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇಂತಹ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ರೀತಿಯ ಸಮಾಧಾನದ ವರ್ತನೆಯು ಎಲ್ಲರಿಂದ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ. ವೈದ್ಯರ ಇಂತಹ ಗುಣಗಳು ನಮಗೆ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆಯಾಗುತ್ತವೆ. 

ಈ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಯಾರು ಯಾರಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದರು? ವಿವರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಇಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಬರುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ನಿಮಗೆ ಇಷ್ಟೊತ್ತು ಬೇಕಾಯಿತೇ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ಗಿರೀಶ್ ತಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟೆ ಅವರು ಬರೆದ ‘ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮಲಗಿದ್ದ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ವೈದ್ಯರಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೨. ಹಣದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಬಿದ್ದವರ ಧಾವಂತವೇ ಇಂತಹದ್ದು.

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ಗಿರೀಶ್ ತಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟೆ ಅವರು ಬರೆದ ‘ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ದೌಡಾಯಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು ತನ್ನ ಹಿಂದೆ ನಿಂತಿದ್ದ ನರ್ಸ್ ಬಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೩. ಈಗವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ಗಿರೀಶ್ ತಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟೆ ಅವರು ಬರೆದ ‘ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ತನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾಡಲು ದೌಡಾಯಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ಅಳುತ್ತಾ ನರ್ಸ್ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾಳೆ. 

III. ಭಾಷಾಭ್ಯಾಸ :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸ್ವಂತ ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಧಾವಂತ:- ಕಚೇರಿಗೆ ತಡವಾಯಿತು ಎಂದು ಆತನು ಧಾವಂತದಿಂದ ಹೊರಟನು. 

೨. ಸಾಂತ್ವನ:- ಆಟವಾಡುವಾಗ ಎಡವಿ ಬಿದ್ದ ಮಗುವು ಅಳುತ್ತಿರುವುದನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ತಾಯಿ ಸಾಂತ್ವನ ಹೇಳಿದಳು. 

೩. ಪಾರಾಗು:- ಕಷ್ಟ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪಾಯದಿಂದ ಯೋಚಿಸಿದರೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಅಪಾಯದಿಂದ ಪಾರಾಗಬಹುದು.

೪. ಮೂದಲಿಸು:- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನಡತೆಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಜನರು ಕೆಲವೊಮ್ಮೆ ಮೂದಲಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.   

೫. ಆಕ್ರೋಶ:- ರಾತ್ರಿ ಕಳ್ಳರು ಮನೆಗೆ ಬಂದರೆ ನಾಯಿಗಳು ಆಕ್ರೋಶಗೊಂಡು ಬೊಗಳುತ್ತವೆ.  

೬. ವಿದಾಯ:- ಅಂತಿಮ ವರ್ಷದಲ್ಲಿ ಶಾಲೆಯಿಂದ ಹೊರಹೋಗುವ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿದಾಯಕೂಟ ಏರ್ಪಡಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. 

ಆ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿರುದ್ಧಾರ್ಥಕ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ರೋಗಿ X ನಿರೋಗಿ 

೨. ದುಃಖ X ಸುಖ, ಸಂತೋಷ 

೩. ಶಕ್ತಿ X ನಿಶ್ಶಕ್ತಿ 

೪. ಶಾಂತ X ಅಶಾಂತ

೫. ಸಾವು X ಹುಟ್ಟು

೬. ಅಂತಿಮ X ಆರಂಭ, ಪ್ರಥಮ   

೭. ಅಸಹನೆ X ಸಹನೆ 

೮. ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕ X ಅಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕ 

ಇ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ತಾಳ್ಮೆಗೆಟ್ಟ = ತಾಳ್ಮೆ + ಕೆಟ್ಟ 

೨. ಪ್ರಾಣಾಪಾಯ = ಪ್ರಾಣ + ಅಪಾಯ

೩. ಮತ್ತೇನಾದರು = ಮತ್ತೆ + ಏನಾದರೂ  

೪. ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡು = ಪಣಕ್ಕೆ + ಇಡು 

೫. ಬೇಸರವಾಯಿತು = ಬೇಸರ + ಆಯಿತು 

ಈ) ಕೆಳಗೆ ನೀಡಿದ ಅನ್ಯದೇಶೀಯ ಪದಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಮಾನಾಂತರ ಕನ್ನಡ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

ಮಾದರಿ : ನರ್ಸ್ – ದಾದಿ

೧. ಫೋನ್ – ದೂರವಾಣಿ

೨. ರೂಂ – ಕೊಠಡಿ, ಕೋಣೆ  

೩. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ – ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ 

೪. ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್ – ಅಪಘಾತ 

೫. ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ – ಚಿತ್ರಮಂದಿರ 

೬. ಸಿಸ್ಟರ್ – ದಾದಿ, ನರ್ಸ್, ಸಹೋದರಿ 

7th Standard, English, Supplementary Reading 3 – A Day’s Wait

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7th Standard, Supplementary Reading – 3

A Day’s Wait

(Ernest Hemingway)

Answer these questions.

  1. How old was Schatz? What disease was he suffering from?

Answer: Schatz was nine years old. He was suffering from fever.

  • What is the relationship of the author with Schatz? Which line gives you that information?

Answer: Author is father of Schatz. The line ‘‘you don’t have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.’’ gives us that information.

  • How many capsules did the doctor prescribe? State the purpose of each one.

Answer: The doctor left three different medicines in different coloured capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative, the third to overcome an acid condition.

  • How does the author describe Nature?

Answer: “It was a bright, cold day, the ground covered with a sleet that had frozen so that it seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground had been varnished with ice.” That is how the Author described the nature.

  • “I took the young Irish setter up the road and along a frozen creek.” Who does the young Irish setter refer to?

Answer:  The young Irish setter refers to a red Dog.

  • Why did the writer go out of the house? What did he hunt?

Answer:  The Writer thought perhaps his son Schatz was a little light-headed and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o’clock he went out for a while. Writer was a little puzzled by the son’s behaviour as he decided to get him out of his room. He hunted two birds.

  • What happened at the house in the absence of the writer?

Answer: In the absence of the writer the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room at the house. The father found his son in exactly the position he had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.

  • What caused Schatz panic?

Answer:  At school in France the boys told Schatz that you don’t live forty-four degrees temperature. The doctor had said that he had 102 degrees temperature. So the boy decided that he will die soon and became panic.

  • How could the author convince Schatz that nothing was wrong with him?

Answer: The author convinced Schatz that nothing was wrong with him and there are two different thermometers to measure temperature. That’s a different thermometer what your friends are told. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. The doctor’s thermometer is a new one and in this thermometer 98 degree is normal. These two thermometers are like miles and kilometers. The boy was convinced from this explanation.

  1. What was the effect of the clarification on Schatz? Which lines tell us about the effect?

Answer: The father’s explanation made Schatz fearless from the death.

 “But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too….” These lines are tells us about the effect.

11. Are these statements true or false?

a. Schatz was suffering from Pneumonia. – False

b. Schatz liked his father reading to him. – False

c. The father shot down a fox when he was hunting. – False

d. The cat in the house accompanied his father when he went out hunting. – False

Think and answer

  1. How was Schatz really cured? Was it by medicine or by the clarification given by his father?

Answer: Schatz really cured by the clarification given by his father.

  • Why didn’t the boy allow anyone into his room?

Answer: The boy thought that anyway he will die from the fever. He thought that if anyone comes contact with him, even they will also die. So the boy didn’t allow anyone into his room.

7th Standard, Social, Geography, CHAPTER 27 – ANTARCTICA

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7th Social Geography – CHAPTER 27

ANTARCTICA

Exercises

I Fill in the blanks with a suitable word:

1 The landmass nearest to the continent of Antarctica is 

 Capehorn

2 The one who discovered the continent of Antarctica 

was  Charles Wills.

3 The person who discovered the South Pole was Shackleton of England.

4 The first research station established by the Indian 

team in Antarctica was ‘Dakshina Gangotri.

II Answer the following questions.

1. Mention the location and extent of Antarctica.

Answer: The Location and extent of Antarctica is as follows.

Location : Antarctica is the continent which surrounds the South Pole. Most of the continent lies within the Antarctic Circle or 66030′ South latitude. The uniqueness of the continent is that it is positioned opposite to the Arctic Ocean in the North Pole.

Extent : Antarctica is the fifth largest continent with a total area of 14.2 million km2. It is larger than India and China and is one and a half times larger in area than the USA.

2. Explain the physical settings of Antarctica.

Answer: The continent of Antarctica is surrounded by water bodies. It is often called the Southern Ocean or Antarctic Ocean. It is not a separate water body. Instead, it is formed by the meeting of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Capehorn, the souther most part of 

Latin America, is the nearest land to this continent. It is at a distance of 990 km. Antarctica is bound by the Indian Ocean on the East, the Pacific Ocean on the West and the Atlantic ocean on the Northwest. 

3. Mention the important mountains and peaks of Antarctica.

Answer: Antarctica has the relief features such as mountains, plateaus, valleys and gorges. Antarctica is the highest continent at an average elevation of 2300 m above sea level. The trans-Antarctic mountain range divides Antarctica into two major physical divisions – (1) East Antarctica and (2) West Antarctica. 

i) East Antarctica faces the South Atlantic Ocean 

and the Indian ocean; it covers more than half of the continent and is called the greater Antarctica. Along its coast, there are mountains, valleys and glaciers. The central part of the region is a plateau where the South Pole is located. 

ii) West Antarctica is towards the Pacific Ocean. Much of its area lies below sea level. The peninsular region of Antarctica is a mountainous ‘S’ shaped fringe of land that points towards South America.

There are several islands near it. In addition, it also has mountain peaks and  volcanoes. Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica (5140 m) is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Mt. Erebus, Antarctica’s most active volcano is on Ross Island. Prince Charles mountains is another prominent mountain group. Two large gulfs cut into Antarctica on the opposite ends of the trans antarctic mountain range, namely the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. 

4. Name the plants and animals of Antarctica.

Answer: Very limited plant life can survive in Antarctica. It mainly consists of mosses, algae and lichens growing on the exposed part of rocks. Only very few animals which can survive the adverse climate, live in Antarctica. But a variety of animal life can be found in the surrounding water bodies. For example, the krills, penguins, whales, seals and a variety of seabirds. The krill, a small fish resembling shrimps and prawns, is found in abundance. Adelie, Emperor and Chinstrap are the chief species of penguins found here.

 5. Mention the Indian Research Centres in Antarctica.

Answer: The Indian Research Centres in Antarctica are,

  1. ‘Dakshina Gangotri’
  2. ‘Maithri’
  3. ‘Bharathi’

 The first research centre established by the Indian scientists was called ‘Dakshina Gangotri’. It was built in 1983 and was named in 1989. Presently, there are no men here and it is only used for storage purposes. ‘Maithri’ is the second research station. It was set up on the Schirmacher Oasis (1988-89). It is all-weather proof and can accommodate 26 people. 255m from this station. India has built a freshwater lake known as ‘Priyadarshini’. The Maithri Research Centre conducts research on Geology, Geography and Medicine.

India has proposed to build another research center ‘Bharathi’. It intends to do research on Oceanography. Necessary survey has already been completed.

7th Standard, Social, Civics, Chapter 25 – UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION (U.N.O.)

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7th Standard, Social – Civics, Chapter 25

UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION (U.N.O.)

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1 The head office of the UN is situated in New York

2 Maintenance of international peace and security is the main function of the Security council of the UN.

3 Total members of the UN Security Council is 15.

4 The International Court of Justice is situated at Hague in the Netherlands.

II Answer the following in one word or sentence each:

1 When did the United Nations Organization start?

                Answer: The United Nations Organization started in 24th October 1945.

2 Who was responsible for the establishment of the UN?

Answer: US President Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Churchill and the Russian dictator Stalin, the representatives from 51 nations was responsible for the establishment of the UN.

3 What is called the ‘Parliament of the UN’?

                Answer: The General Assembly is called the ‘Parliament of the UN’

4 Who are the permanent members of the UN Security Council?

Answer: United States, Russia, Britain, France and China are the permanent members of the UN Security Council

5 Name two great Indians who have rendered services to the UN.

Answer: Smt. Vijayalakshmi Pandit and Justice Benagal Narsing Rao are the two great Indians who have rendered services to the UN

6 Mention one reason for the declaration of UN Charter of Human Rights.

                Answer: The atrocities of World War II are the one reason for the declaration of UN Charter of Human Rights.

III Answer the following in two or three sentences each:

1 What are the basic objectives of the United Nations Organization?

                Answer: The basic objectives of the United Nations Organization are,

  1. maintain international peace and security.
  2. develop friendly relations, on the basis of equality, among all the nations of the world.
  3. Co-operated in solving international economic social cultural and humanitarian problems.
  4. promote respect for human rights.
  5. function as a conducive centre to achieve its aims.

2 Explain the functions of the UN Security Council.

Answer:  The major functions of the Security Council are to provide suitable suggestions regarding the decisions taken by the General Assembly and to maintain global peace and security. The Security Council consists of representatives from 15 member nations. United States, Russia, Britain, France and China are the permanent members. The approval of the nine member nations is necessary for any resolution to be passed in the Security Council. No decision will be approved even if any one of the permanent members opposes it. The power of the permanent member nation to oppose a decision is called Veto.

3 Make a list of four achievements of the United Nations Organization.

                Answer: The achievements of the United Nations Organization are,

  1. Economic contribution: It has given economic aid to various domains such as Health, Transport, Communication, Food, Science, Education etc.
  2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights : The declaration of Human Rights by the UN is their special achievement
  3. Help in rise of new nations: UN has strived to aid the rise of many independent nations which were colonized by foreign rule.
  4. Social contribution: The UN has provided aid to millions of refugees. It has commanded appreciation by providing special needs to infants, mothers and weaker sections of the people.
  5. Establishment of Peace: The UN has brought hope by preventing another world war by establishing world peace, in a world which was shaken by two world wars. Ban on use of nuclear weapon, after 1945, is the greatest achievement of the UNO.

4 Name the specialized agencies of the UN.

                Answer: The specialized agencies of the UN are,

  1. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO – Head office is situated in Paris, France.
  2. Food and Agricultural Organization – FAO – Head office is situated in Rome, Italy.
  3. World Health Organization – WHO – Head office is situated in Geneva, Switzerland.
  4. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund – UNICEF – Head office is situated in New York, USA.

5 What is ‘Veto’?

                Answer: No decision will be approved even if any one of the permanent members of Security Council opposes it. The power of the permanent member nation of Security Council to oppose a decision is called Veto.

6 Mention two limitations of the UN.

Answer: The limitations of the UN are,

  1. The Cold War ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union. United States is claiming to be the world leader and showing its attitude as the big brother of the world in this changed situation. This has threatened the multicultural pattern of life in the world.
  2. The UN has not been able to implement many of its decisions. As the UNO has to enforce peace by using the armed forces of the member nations, the UN has no military of its own.
  3. Since the consent of the permanent members of the Security Council is mandatory, in the absence of acceptance of even one of the permanent member, a decision cannot be implemented.

Additional questions of this lesson:

  1. What are the main bodies of UN?

Answer: The main bodies of UN are,

  1. The General Assembly   b) The Security Council   c) The Economic and Social Council
  2. International Court of Justice  e) The Secretariat  f) The Trusteeship Council
  3. Which are the official languages currently being used by the UN?

Answer:  English, Russian, Spanish, Chinese, French, Arabic etc. are the official languages currently being used by the UN. It generally uses English.

  • Who is the present Secretary-General of the UN Secretariat?

Answer: The present Secretary-General of the UN Secretariat is Mr. Antonio Guterres (Portugal).

  • When UN day is celebrated?

Answer:  UN day is celebrated on 24th October, worldwide.

  • Who are the two Indian judges in International Court of Justice of UN? 

Answer: Justice Benagal Narsing Rao and Dr. Nagendra Singh are the two Indian judges in International Court of Justice of UN.

7th Standard, Social, History, CHAPTER 19 – PRO-SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF KARNATAKA

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7th Social History – CHAPTER 19

PRO-SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF KARNATAKA

EXERCISES

I Fill up the blanks with a suitable word:

1 The movement started by Sundarlal Bahuguna was Chipko Movement

2 Celebrations of the National Women’s Day started in 1923, February 13.

3 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was given the title ‘Dalit Surya’.

4 The Language Committee was formed under the chairmanship of Dr. Vinayak Krishna Gokak

II Answer in one word or sentence each.

1 Why did the movement ‘Save the source of Tunga’ begin?

Answer: The movement ‘Save the source of Tunga’ begins because the people realized that the river was getting polluted.

2 What is meant by ‘Appiko’ movement?

Answer: The Appiko movement was a protest against deforestation in the Sahyadri and Western Ghats of Karnataka. “Appiko” is a Kannada word that means “hug” or “embrace”. People hugged trees to protest against cutting the trees.

3 What is ‘Social Forestry’?

Answer: The forest department started planting exotic plants like Nilgiri and Acacia. This project is called Social forestry.

4 Who were the first women to get B.A.(Honours) degree in Karnataka?

Answer: In Karnataka, Srirangamma and Rukminamma were the first women to get B.A. Honours degree.

III Answer in two or three sentences each.

1 Why should we save ancient lakes?

Answer: Lakes provides water for people, agriculture activity, animals, birds and all the living beings. Lakes are used for cultural and religious purposes and they are home to many unique species. That is why we have to save ancient lakes.

2 Name the important movements relating to the protection of the environment.

Answer: The important movements relating to the protection

of the environment are,

  1. Sahyadri Mining Protest Forum
  2. Tunga River Protection Drive
  3. Chipko or Appiko Movement
  4. Save Cubbon Park
  5. Movements against mining in Ballari, Tumakuru, Chitradurga, Chikkamagaluru, North Canara, Davanagere, Ramnagara and other districts

3 Why did the Dalit Movement begin?

Answer: Dalits had no place even in the caste system. They were lower than the lowest.             They were kept away from the main stream in society for the sole reason that they were born in untouchable families.

The non-Brahmin movements that started in the 20th century did not include the dalits. Protesting against this, the ‘Dalit Movement’ started in the 1970s C.E. and grew into a decisive force.

4 What are the catch words of the Dalit Movement?

Answer:  Education, organization and agitation became the catch words of the dalit movements. They became organisationally conscious that the solution to the problems of the dalits was in achieving political goals.

IV Discuss.

1 The achievements of the Dalit movements.

Answer: Education, organization and agitation became the catch words of the dalit movements. They became organisationally conscious that the solution to the problems of the dalits was in achieving political goals. Among the dalits, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a symbol of self-respect and came to be known as ‘Dalit Surya’. Echoes of all these developments sounded in Karnataka too.

Later in 1976 C.E. an ‘Association of Dalit Writers and Artists’ was formed in Bhadravati. The firm steps of the Karnataka dalit movement can be traced to this association. Subsequently, they founded ‘Karnataka Dalit Sangharsha Samiti’ under the aegis of the association. Its branches including associations of employees, women, municipality workers, students, writers and artists were started. The dalits who traditionally had no land began demanding land. Securing entry into centres of authority through academic growth was another objective of the dalit movement.

9th Standard, Social, BUSINESS STUDIES, CHAPTER 33 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT

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9th Standard, Social, BUSINESS STUDIES, CHAPTER – 33

MARKETING MANAGEMENT

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. The place where sellers and buyers meet to sell and buy the goods is generally called Market.

2. The market that is generally restricted to a geographical region is called Regional market.

3. The markets that are regulated by statutory regulations is called Regulated Markets.

4. Storing of goods between the time of production and the time of sale is facilitated by ware housing.

5. The activities that pursue customers to buy the products come under the scope of Promotion mix.

6. The best example for the goods sold by the producers directly to the consumer is Direct selling.

7. For all the brand registered products, on packages ‘R’ in a circle’ (registered trademark symbol) is indicated.

8. The assurance of the standard quality of product to consumers is assured by Quality assurance of goods.

II. Answer each of the following questions in a sentence or two.

9. Mention the four types of markets classified under the basis of area.

Answer: The four types of markets classified under the basis of area are, 

1. Local market

2. Regional market

3. National market

4. International market

10. What are money markets? How are they different from capital markets?

Answer: Money market is a specialized market for availing short term finance to business houses. E.g.: Share market, banking systems. 

But capital market is different from Money market. Capital market is a specialized market for availing long term finance to business houses, generally through financial institutions and stock exchanges. Eg.: Share Market.

11. What are producers markets and what are consumers markets?

Answer: Goods are purchased for the use in the further process of production is called producers markets. 

When goods are purchased for personal consumption is called consumers markets.

12. What is a spot market and how is it different from future market?

Answer: Goods are sold to the buyers on the spot where the sellers agree to sell their products and buyers agree to buy them for consideration is called spot market. Spot market is different from future market because in Future market goods are transferred at a later date.

13. Mention any four types of non-traditional markets.

Answer: The four types of non-traditional markets are as follows.

  1. Mail order houses
  2. Tele shopping
  3. Virtual stores
  4. Catalogue market
  5. Online marketing

14. What do you mean by Marketing mix?

Answer: Formulation and implementing the methods of marketing is called ‘Marketing Mix’.

15. Why is consumer protection required?

Answer: Consumer protection is required because it protect to consumers against the exploitation by the producers and traders. There is a great need for consumer protection. To safeguard the interests of consumers, consumer rights are assured.

16. What is branding of goods?

Answer:  This is the act of fixing a symbol or some letter to a product to distinguish it from the products of others. Branding brings down selling costs, widens the market and creates a demand for a particular or branded ‘product’. Brand should be duly registered under the Trade Marks Act. The letter ® within a circle on each product and package indicates that the selected brand is duly registered. Others cannot use this brand name. If used legal action can be taken. e.g.: Reebok shoes, Rin soap, Parker pen etc.

III. Answer each of the following questions in about eight to ten sentences.

17. What are the functions of marketing? Explain any one function briefly? 

Answer: Some of the major functions of marketing are as follows.

1. Buying and assembling.

2. Selling.

3. Transportation.

4. Storage and warehousing.

5. Market research.

6. Standardization.

7. Grading.

8. Branding.

9. Insurance.

Explanation of one function:

Buying and assembling: Buying in marketing implies buying of goods by the manufacturers for use in production or buying of goods from middle men for resale. It is not buying of goods by the consumers for consumption. Assembling is a function which starts after buying is over.

18. What are the main elements of marketing mix? Explain any one of them?

The elements of marketing mix are made up of four forces namely,

  1. Product mix 2) Price mix 3) Promotion mix 4) Place mix

1. Product Mix: It is a very important and vital element of the marketing mix. The producer aims at producing quality products but emphasis is also given to the variety of the product, design of the product, packaging, colour and other features under the product mix.

19. What is the importance of marketing? How does marketing help in improvement of standard of living?

Answer: The importance of marketing are,

1) Standard of living

2) Consumer satisfaction

3) Employment opportunity

4) Resources

5) International Marketing

6) Economic development

Availability and consumption of various types of products and services increase the standard of living of the people. That is how marketing will help in improvement of standard of living.

IV. Activities:

  • Collect any two consumer disputes which appeared in Newspapers. Write about the dicision pronounced by the consumer forum.

1. Zomato ordered to pay Rs 60,000 to Karnataka woman for not delivering momos worth Rs 133.25 -A consumer court in Karnataka has ordered Zomato to pay a woman from Dharwad Rs 60,000 for failing to deliver her order of momos placed online last year. The order by the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission in Dharwad came on July 3.

2. Lufthansa fined Rs 1 lakh for not informing passenger about Schengen visa

Man was travelling to Canada for higher studies but was stopped at Mumbai airport on April 13, 2022, for not possessing a mandatory Schengen visa required for transiting through European countries like Germany. Lufthansa had not informed him of this requirement during the ticket booking process.

Some more questions:

  1. Mention the different types of markets.

Answer: The different types of markets are as follows.

1. On the basis of area – Local market, Regional market, National market, International market.

2. On the basis of items – Commodity market, Money market, Capital market.

3. On the basis of Link – Primary market, Secondary market, Terminal market.

4. On the basis of volume of business – Wholesale market, Retail market

5. On the basis of nature of transactions – Spot Market. Future market

6. On the basis of nature of goods – Consumers market, Producers market

7. On the basis of Regulation – Regulated market, Non-regulated market or free market

8. Traditional and Non Traditional markets

2. How does Marketing create employment opportunity?

Answer: Many institutions are involved in the process of marketing. For example manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, transport agencies, banks, insurance logistic, transcribing and supply chain management agencies etc., in the course of executing marketing activities. These activities create employment opportunities in the country.

3 . Why Marketing mix is important?

Answer: Marketing mix is important because of the following reasons:

1) Marketing mix helps the firm to increase its sales and profit.

2) Marketing mix serves as a link between the firm and its customers.

3) Marketing mix helps to meet the needs of the customers.

4. What are the two categories of distribution?

Answer: The distribution channel can be classified mainly into two categories. They are:

a. Direct distribution channel or Direct selling

b. Indirect distribution channel or indirect selling.

5. What are the distribution channels in Indirect selling?

Answer: The channels in indirect selling are,

1. Producer → Retailer → Consumer

2. Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer

3. Producer → Agent → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer

4. Producer → Wholesaler → Consumer

6. Explain the role of middleman in the channel of distribution

Answer: The distribution channel of a product begins with the producers and ends with the consumers. In between producer and the final consumer various middlemen are included. They either purchase and sell goods or negotiate purchases and sales. However transporting agents, banks, insurance companies which also help in the movement of goods are not included in the distribution channel. This is because though these agencies perform certain functions of marketing, they neither purchase nor sell the goods or negotiate the purchases and sales of goods.

7. Mention the different Consumer Regulatory Acts passed in India.

Answer: The different Consumer Regulatory Acts passed in India are,

(1) Indian Contracts Act-1872

(2) The sale of goods Act-1930

(3) Indian Standards Institutions Act-1952

(4) Essential Commodities Act-1955

(5) The Consumer Protection Act-1986.

8. What are the rights of consumers according to The Consumer Protection Act?

Answer: According to The Consumer Protection Act the rights of consumers are as follows.

  1. The right to protect: Against the marketing of goods which are hazardous to life and property.
  2. The right to information: Information about the quality, quantity, purity, standard etc. to protect the consumers against unfair trade practices.
  3. Right to choice: Wherever possible access to variety of goods at competitive prices.
  4. Right to be heard: The interests of the consumers to be heard with due consideration.
  5. Right to seek redressal: Against the unfair trade practices or unscrupulous exploitation.
  6. Right to consumer education: The consumers are to be educated about their rights.
  7. Right to stop exploitation.
  8. Right to healthy environment that is good physical environment will enhance the quality of their life.

9. Name the Consumer grievances disputes redressal Agencies.

Answer: The consumer disputes redressal agencies are,

(1) District Commission

(2) State Commission

(3) National Commission.

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