Thursday, August 6, 2026
Home Blog Page 6

೭ನೇ ತರಗತಿ (7th Standard), ಕನ್ನಡ ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಭಾಷೆ, ಪಾಠ ೧೨ – ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿಒಂದುಸುತ್ತು (ಗದ್ಯ)

yakshadeepa
-
0

೭ನೇ ತರಗತಿ (7th Standard) ಕನ್ನಡ ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಭಾಷೆ, ಪಾಠ – ೧೨

ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು (ಗದ್ಯ)

I. ಪದಗಳ ಅರ್ಥ ತಿಳಿಯಿರಿ :

ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸು – ಸೆಳೆ

ಕಾಯ್ದೆ – ಕಾನೂನು; ಕಟ್ಟಳೆ; ನಿಯಮ.

ಕುಶಲತೆ – ನಿಪುಣತೆ

ಚರ್ಮವಾದ್ಯ -ಚರ್ಮದಿಂದ ಮಾಡಿದ ವಾದ್ಯ.

ಜಾತ್ರೆ – ರಥೋತ್ಸವಕ್ಕೆ ಜನ ಸೇರುವುದು

ನಿರಂತರ – ಸದಾ; ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ.

ನಿರ್ಮಿಸು – ತಯಾರಿಸು

ಬೆಂಡು ಬತ್ತಾಸು – ಒಂದು ಬಗೆಯ ಸಿಹಿತಿಂಡಿ.

ಸನಿಹ – ಹತ್ತಿರ

ಸಮೂಹ – ಗುಂಪು

ಸೊಗಸು – ಚೆಲುವು

ಹರ್ಷೋದ್ಗಾರ – ಸಂತೋಷದ ಧ್ವನಿ

ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಗಳು :

೧. ನಂದಿಧ್ವಜ – ಹದಿನಾರರಿಂದ ಹದಿನೆಂಟು ಮೊಳ ಎತ್ತರವಿರುವ ಬಿದುರಿನ ಬೊಂಬಿಗೆ ಹಿತ್ತಾಳೆ

ಬಿರುಡೆಗಳನ್ನು ಜೋಡಿಸಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಏಳೆಂಟು ಅಡಿ ಎತ್ತರದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಣ್ಣ ಆಕೃತಿಯ ನಂದಿ ವಿಗ್ರಹವಿರುತ್ತದೆ. ಕಂಬದ ತುದಿಗೆ ರೇಷ್ಮೆ ಧ್ವಜವನ್ನು ಕಟ್ಟಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ. 

೨. ವೀರಗಾಸೆ – ಶೈವ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರಿದ ಒಂದು ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆ.

೩. ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ – ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾದ ನೃತ್ಯ, ಹಾಡುಗಾರಿಕೆ, ಮಾತುಗಾರಿಕೆ ಹಾಗೂ ವೇಷಭೂಷಣಗಳನ್ನು

ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಒಂದು ಶಾಸ್ತಿçÃಯ ಕಲೆ. ಇದು ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ ಮತ್ತು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ

ಕನ್ನಡ, ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪ್ರಚಲಿತದಲ್ಲಿದೆ.

೪. ಬಯಲಾಟ – ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಜನಪದ ಕಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆಗಳಿಂದ ಕೂಡಿದ

ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಗಂಡುಕಲೆ. ಇದು ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಕಥೆಗಳನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿ ರಾತ್ರಿಯೆಲ್ಲಾ

ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ.

೫. ಕಂಸಾಳೆ – ಮಲೆಮಹದೇಶ್ವರನ ಭಕ್ತರಾದ ದೇವರ ಗುಡ್ಡರು ಬಳಸುವ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾದ

ವಾದ್ಯ.

೬. ಹಾಲಕ್ಕಿ ಕುಣಿತ – ಇದೊಂದು ಸುಗ್ಗಿ ಹಬ್ಬ. ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪ್ರಚಲಿತದಲ್ಲಿದೆ.

೭. ದೊಂಬರಾಟ – ದೈಹಿಕ ವ್ಯಾಯಾಮದ ಚಮತ್ಕಾರವನ್ನು ಪ್ರದರ್ಶಿಸುವ ಒಂದು

ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆ. ಇದನ್ನು ನಡೆಸುವವರು ಬಹುತೇಕ ಅಲೆಮಾರಿಗಳೇ

ಆಗಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ.

II. ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಒಂದು ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿನ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ ವೇಣು ಏನೆಂದು ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿನ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ ವೇಣು  “ಅಬ್ಬಾ ! ಅಜ್ಜಾ, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಎಷ್ಟೊಂದು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳಿವೆಯಲ್ಲಾ! ಪ್ರತಿದಿನವೂ ಹೀಗೆ ಇರುತ್ತವೆಯೇ?” ಎಂದು ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಿದನು.

೨. ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿ ಯಾವ ಸಾಹಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಳು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಉತ್ತರ:- ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿ ತಂತಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಾ ಸಾಹಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಳು.   

೩. ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿಯನ್ನು ಕಂಡ ರಶ್ಮಿಗೆ ಕಾಡಿದ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳೇನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:-  ದೊಂಬರಾಟದ ಹುಡುಗಿಯನ್ನು ಕಂಡ ರಶ್ಮಿಗೆ “ಈ ರೀತಿ ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ದುಡಿಸುವುದು ತಪ್ಪಲ್ಲವೇ? ಅಲ್ದೇ…
ಅವಳೂ ನಮ್ಮಂತೆ ಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗಬೇಕಲ್ಲವೇ? ”  ಎಂಬ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು ಕಾಡಿತು.

೪. ಅಜ್ಜನು ವೇದಿಕೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಯಾವ ಯಾವ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಗಳು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತವೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:-   ಅಜ್ಜನು ವೇದಿಕೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ನಾಟಕ, ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ, ಬಯಲಾಟ, ನೃತ್ಯ
ಮುಂತಾದ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಗಳು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತವೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು. 

೫. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ತೆರೆದಿಟ್ಟ ಪದಾರ್ಥಗಳನ್ನು ತಿನ್ನಬಾರದು ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ತೆರೆದಿಟ್ಟ ತಿಂಡಿಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ಧೂಳು, ಕ್ರಿಮಿಕೀಟಗಳು ಕುಳಿತಿರುತ್ತವೆ. ಅದನ್ನು ತಿಂದರೆ ವಾಂತಿ ಭೇದಿ ಬರಬಹುದು. ಆದುದರಿಂದ ತೆರೆದಿಟ್ಟ ತಿಂಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ತಿನ್ನಬಾರದು.

ಆ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಎರಡು–ಮೂರು ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಯಾವ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಇದ್ದವು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಮೈದಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಲುಸಾಲು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು. ಆಟಿಕೆ ಸಾಮಾನುಗಳ, ಬಲೂನುಗಳ, ಗೊಂಬೆಗಳ, ಬಳೆ ಸರಗಳ, ಬೆಂಡು ಬತ್ತಾಸು ಸಿಹಿ ತಿಂಡಿಗಳ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಒಂದೆಡೆ. ಬಟ್ಟೆ, ಪಾತ್ರೆ, ಹೂ-ಹಣ್ಣುಗಳ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳ ಸಾಲು ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಕಡೆ. ಮಗದೊಂದು ಕಡೆ ಹೋಟೆಲುಗಳು, ಜೋಕಾಲಿಗಳು, ತೂಗುತೊಟ್ಟಿಲುಗಳು ಇದ್ದವು.

೨. ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಇರುತ್ತವೆ ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಜಾತ್ರೆಗೆ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಜನ ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಬಂದವರು ತಮಗೆ ಬೇಕಾದುದನ್ನು ಕೊಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಅನುಕೂಲವಾಗಲೆಂದು ದೂರದ ಊರುಗಳಿಂದ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಸ್ಥರು ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅಲ್ಲದೆ ಮಾರಾಟಗಾರರಿಗೂ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಅವಕಾಶವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಆದುದರಿಂದ ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು ಇರುತ್ತವೆ.

೩. ರಥದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇರ್ಫಾನ್ ಏನೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಇಲ್ಲಿಯ ರಥವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದವರು ಯಾರು ಗೊತ್ತಾ? ನಮ್ಮ ತಂದೆ ಕಣೋ! ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಅವರ ಗೆಳೆಯರಾದ ರಮೇಶ್, ಜಾರ್ಜ್, ಮಹಮದ್, ವಿನ್ಸಂಟ್, ಶಂಕರಪ್ಪ ಇತರರೂ ಸೇರಿ ರಥ ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇದೆಲ್ಲಾ ಒಂದು ದಿನದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದಲ್ಲ, ಹಲವು ದಿನಗಳಿಂದ ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಸೇರಿ ಮಾಡಿರುವ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ” ಎಂದು ರಥದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇರ್ಫಾನ್ ಹೇಳಿದನು.

೪. ಅಜ್ಜನು ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಂಬAಧಿಸಿದAತೆ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಏನೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ದುಡಿಸುವುದು ತಪ್ಪು. ಅವರೂ ಎಲ್ಲರಂತೆ ಶಾಲೆಗೆ ಹೋಗಬೇಕು. ಅದಕ್ಕೇ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಹಕ್ಕಿನ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬಂದಿರೋದು. ಅಷ್ಟೇ ಅಲ್ಲ ಹಿಂದೆ ಈ ಆಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳನ್ನೂ ಬಳಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಈಗ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಬಾರದೆಂಬ ಕಾನೂನು ಇದೆ.” ಎಂದು ಅಜ್ಜನು ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಾಣಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಂಬAಧಿಸಿದAತೆ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನು.

೫. ರಥದ ಮುಂದೆ ಸಾಗಿದ ಕಲಾ ತಂಡಗಳು ಯಾವುವು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ರಥದ ಮುಂದೆ ನಂದಿಧ್ವಜ, ಕಂಸಾಳೆ, ವೀರಗಾಸೆ, ಡೊಳ್ಳು ಕುಣಿತ, ಕೋಲಾಟ, ಹಾಲಕ್ಕಿ ಕುಣಿತ ಮೊದಲಾದ ಕಲಾ ತಂಡಗಳು ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದುವು. ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲಾವಿದರು ನರ್ತಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಬ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಓಲಗ, ತಮಟೆ, ಕಹಳೆವಾದಕರು ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಚಂಡೆಧ್ವನಿಗೆ ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ವೇಷಧಾರಿಗಳು ಕುಣಿಯುತ್ತಾ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. 

ಇ) ಈ ಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಯಾರು ಯಾರಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದರು ತಿಳಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. “ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲೇಕೆ ಇಷ್ಟೊಂದು ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳು.”

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ‘ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯ ಪಾಠದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ರಶ್ಮಿಯು ತನ್ನ ಅಜ್ಜನಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದಳು. 

೨. “ರಥದ ಮುಂದೆ ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿರುವ ವಿವಿಧ ವೇಷಧಾರಿಗಳು ಯಾರು?”

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ‘ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯ ಪಾಠದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ವೇಣು ತನ್ನ ಅಜ್ಜನಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನು. 

೩. “ಹೌದು, ಅವಳ ಧೈರ್ಯ, ಸಾಹಸವನ್ನು ಮೆಚ್ಚಲೇಬೇಕು.”

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ‘ಜಾತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಸುತ್ತು’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯ ಪಾಠದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಇರ್ಫಾನನು ವೇಣುವಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದನು. 

III. ಭಾಷಾಭ್ಯಾಸ :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸ್ವಂತ ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸು : ಜಾದೂಗಾರನು ಮಾಯಾಜಾಲ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಜನರನ್ನು ಆಕರ್ಷಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೨. ಕುಶಲತೆ : ಕುಂಬಾರನು ತನ್ನ ಕರ ಕುಶಲತೆಯಿಂದ ಮಡಕೆಯನ್ನು ತಯಾರಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೩. ಸೊಗಸು : ಜೋಗ ಜಲಪಾತದ ರಮಣೀಯ ದೃಶ್ಯವು ನೋಡಲು ಬಲು ಸೊಗಸು.

೪. ವೀಕ್ಷಿಸು : ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಣೀಯ ಸ್ಥಳಗಳನ್ನು ವೀಕ್ಷಿಸಲು ದೂರದೂರದ ಊರುಗಳಿಂದ ಜನರು ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ.

೫. ಕುತೂಹಲ : ಸಣ್ಣ ಮಕ್ಕಳು ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳನ್ನು ಕುತೂಹಲದಿಂದ ನೋಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. 

ಆ) ಲಿಂಗ ಸಂಬAಧಿ ‘ಅ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಅಂಶಗಳಿಗೆ ‘ಬ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು

ಹೊAದಿಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

‘ಅ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿ                                    ‘ಬ’ ಪಟ್ಟಿ

೧) ಅಜ್ಜಿ ————————- ಅ) ಅಜ್ಜ

೨) ತಾಯಿ ————————ಆ) ತಂದೆ

೩) ಹುಡುಗಿ ———————–ಇ) ಹುಡುಗ

೪) ಬಾಲಕಿ ———————–ಈ) ಬಾಲಕ

೫) ಗಂಡಸು ———————-ಉ) ಹೆಂಗಸು

೬) ಅತ್ತೆ ————————-ಊ) ಮಾವ

೭) ಅಣ್ಣ ————————-ಋ) ಅಕ್ಕ

ಇ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿರುದ್ಧಾರ್ಥಕ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಅನುಕೂಲ X ಅನಾನುಕೂಲ  

೨. ಸಂತೋಷ X ಅಸಂತೋಷ, ದುಃಖ 

೩. ಧೈರ್ಯ X ಅಧೈರ್ಯ, ಹೆದರಿಕೆ

೪. ಆಧಾರ X ನಿರಾಧಾರ 

೫. ಸಮತೋಲನ X ಅಸಮತೋಲನ

೬. ಸನಿಹ X ದೂರ   

ಈ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಓಡಾಟ = ಓಡು + ಆಟ  

೨. ಬಯಲಾಟ = ಬಯಲು + ಆಟ   

೩. ಹರ್ಷೋದ್ಗಾರ = ಹರ್ಷ + ಉದ್ಘಾರ 

೪. ದೊಂಬರಾಟ = ದೊಂಬರ + ಆಟ 

7th Standard, Kannada SL, Lesson 13 Antima Vidaya, ಪಾಠ ೧೩ – ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ (ಗದ್ಯ)

yakshadeepa
-
0

ಪಾಠ – ೧೩

ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ (ಗದ್ಯ)

I. ಪದಗಳ ಅರ್ಥ ತಿಳಿಯಿರಿ :

ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆ – ಉತ್ತರ ಕ್ರಿಯೆ                                 ಅನುವು – ಅವಕಾಶ

ಗೊಣಗಾಟ – ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಿತ ಅಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಮಾತು.                   ತುರ್ತು – ಜರೂರು; ಬೇಗನೇ; ಈ ಕ್ಷಣ.

ದೌಡಾಯಿಸು – ಓಡುವುದು; ಅವಸರ.                      ಧಾವಂತ – ಆತುರ

ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡು – ಪ್ರತಿಜ್ಞೆ.                                         ಪಾರಾಗು – ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಯಾಗು

ಪುರುಸೊತ್ತು – ಬಿಡುವು; ವಿರಾಮ.                          ಬಚಾವು – ಕಾಪಾಡು; ರಕ್ಷಿಸು.

ಮಡು – ಆಳ; ಗುಂಡಿ.                                        ಮೂದಲಿಸು – ಹೀಯಾಳಿಸು

ವಿದಾಯ – ಬೀಳ್ಕೊಡು                                      ಶತಪಥ – ಅತ್ತಿಂದಿತ್ತ ನಡೆದಾಡುವುದು

ಸಾಂತ್ವನ – ಸಮಾಧಾನ; ಸಂತೈಸು.                 ಹರಿಹಾಯಿ – ಕೋಪಗೊಳ್ಳು; ರೇಗುವುದು.

II. ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಒಂದು ವಾಕ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ವೈದ್ಯನ ನಡಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಧಾವಂತವಿತ್ತು ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ರೋಗಿಯೊಬ್ಬನನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಲು ತನ್ನಿಂದಾಗಿ ತಡವಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆಯಲ್ಲಾ ಎಂಬ ತಳಮಳವಿದ್ದ ಕಾರಣ ಆ ವೈದ್ಯನ ನಡಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಧಾವಂತವಿತ್ತು. 

೨. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಬಳಿ ಇದ್ದ ತಂದೆಯ ಮುಖದಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವ ಆತಂಕವಿತ್ತು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಬಳಿ ಇದ್ದ ತಂದೆಯ ಮುಖದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಳಗೆ ಮಲಗಿರುವ ತನ್ನ ಮಗನಿಗೆ ಏನಾಗಿ ಬಿಡುತ್ತೋ, ಮತ್ತೆ ಆತನನ್ನು ಜೀವಂತವಾಗಿ ನೊಡುತ್ತೇನೋ ಇಲ್ಲವೋ ಎಂಬ ಆತಂಕವಿತ್ತು. 

೩. ಸಾವಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವೈದ್ಯರು ಏನೆಂದು ಹೇಳಿದರು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ವೈದ್ಯರಾದವರು ಸಾವನ್ನು ಮುಂದೂಡಬಹುದೇ ವಿನಾ ಸಾವಿನಿಂದ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಬಚಾವು ಮಾಡುವ ಶಕ್ತಿ ನಮಗೂ ಇಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಸಾವಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವೈದ್ಯರು ಹೇಳಿದರು.

೪. ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗೆ ಕಷ್ಟದ ಭಾರ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗುವುದು ಯಾವಾಗ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ತಾನೇ ಆ ಕಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೆ ಸಿಲುಕಿದಾಗ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗೆ ಕಷ್ಟದ ಭಾರ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗುವುದು.

೫. ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ಮನೆಗೆ ತೆರಳಿದ್ದು ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ತುಹೋದ ತನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾಡಲು ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ಮನೆಗೆ ತೆರಳಿದರು. 

ಆ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಎರಡು–ಮೂರು ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರಿನತ್ತ ದೌಡಾಯಿಸಿದ ವೈದ್ಯನ ಮೇಲೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಏನೆಂದು ಹರಿಹಾಯ್ದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಇಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಬರುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ನಿಮಗೆ ಇಷ್ಟೊತ್ತು ಬೇಕಾಯಿತೆ? ನನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಜೀವ ಅಪಾಯದಲ್ಲಿದೆಯೆಂಬುದು ನಿಮಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲವೇ? ನಿಮಗೆ ಕಿಂಚಿತ್ತಾದರೂ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ಎನ್ನುವುದಿಲ್ಲವೇ?” ಎಂದು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರಿನತ್ತ ದೌಡಾಯಿಸಿದ ವೈದ್ಯನ ಮೇಲೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಹರಿಹಾಯ್ದನು.

೨. ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಕ್ರೋಶದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯನ್ನು ಏನೆಂದು ವಿನಂತಿಸಿಕೊಂಡರು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಪ್ಪ. ನಾನು ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ನನಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಬರುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆಯೇ ಹೊರಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ದಯಮಾಡಿ ನೀನೀಗ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಶಾಂತನಾಗು. ನನ್ನ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಲು ಅನುವು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಡು. ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ತಡವಾಗಿ ಹೋಗಿದೆ” ಎಂದು ವೈದ್ಯರು ಆಕ್ರೋಶದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯನ್ನು ವಿನಂತಿಸಿಕೊಂಡರು.

೩. ವೈದ್ಯರು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಏನೆಂದು ಭರವಸೆ ನೀಡಿದರು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಒಬ್ಬ ವೈದ್ಯನಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬಲ್ಲೆನೋ ಅದನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಲು ನನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡುತ್ತೇನೆ.” ಎಂದು ವೈದ್ಯರು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಭರವಸೆ ನೀಡಿದರು.

೪. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಹೊರನಡೆದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಏನೆಂದು

ಮೂದಲಿಸಿದನು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಇವನೇಕೆ ಇಷ್ಟು ತಾಳ್ಮೆಗೆಟ್ಟವನಂತೆ ವರ್ತಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನೆ. ನನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಗತಿ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಕೊಂಚ ತಿಳಿದುಕೊಳ್ಳೋಣ ಎಂದರೆ ಅದಕ್ಕೂ ಪುರುಸೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲದಂತೆ ಓಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾನಲ್ಲಾ? ಹಣದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಬಿದ್ದವರ ಧಾವಂತವೇ ಇಂತದ್ದು. ಇವರಿಗೆ ರೋಗಿಗಳ ಜೀವಕ್ಕಿಂತ ದುಡ್ಡೇ ದೊಡ್ಡದು. ಛೇ!” ಎಂದು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಹೊರನಡೆದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆ ಮೂದಲಿಸಿದನು.

೬. ನರ್ಸ್ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಏನು ಹೇಳಿದಳು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- “ಅವರ ಮಗ ನಿನ್ನೆಯಷ್ಟೇ ನಡೆದ ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ತು ಹೋದ, ಪಾಪ! ನಾವು ಅವರಿಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ ದುಃಖದ ಮಡುವಿನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರು. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ತುರ್ತನ್ನು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆಯೇ ಆ ಕೆಲಸವನ್ನು ಅರ್ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದರು. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಜೀವ ಉಳಿಸಿದರು. ಈಗವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ!!” ಎಂದು ನರ್ಸ್ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದಳು.

ಇ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಏಳು–ಎಂಟು ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ವೈದ್ಯ ಹಾಗೂ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯ ನಡುವೆ ಯಾವ ಮಾತುಕತೆಗಳು ನಡೆದವು?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು  “ಇಲ್ಲಿಗೆ  ಬರುವುದಕ್ಕೆ  ನಿಮಗೆ  ಇಷ್ಟೊತ್ತು  ಬೇಕಾಯಿತೆ? ನನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಜೀವ  ಅಪಾಯದಲ್ಲಿದೆಯೆಂಬುದು ನಿಮಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲವೇ? ನಿಮಗೆ ಕಿಂಚಿತ್ತಾದರೂ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ಎನ್ನುವುದಿಲ್ಲವೇ?” ಎಂದು ವೈದ್ಯನ ಮೇಲೆ ಹರಿಹಾಯ್ದನು. ಆಗ ಆ ವೈದ್ಯನು “ದಯವಿಟ್ಟು ಕ್ಷಮಿಸು.  ನಾನು ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯಿಂದ ಹೊರಗಿದ್ದೆ.  ನನಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಬರುತ್ತಿದ್ದಂತೆಯೇ  ಹೊರಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ದಯಮಾಡಿ  ನೀನೀಗ ಶಾಂತನಾಗು.” ಎಂದು ವಿನಂತಿಸಿದನು. ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು “ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗ ಇದೇ ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಕೊಠಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮಲಗಿದ್ದರೆ ನೀನು ಶಾಂತನಾಗಿರುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆಯಾ? ವೈದ್ಯ ಬರುವುದು ತಡವಾಗಿ ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗ ಸತ್ತು ಹೋದರೆ ನೀನೇನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆ?” ಎಂದು ಕೋಪದಿಂದ ಹೇಳಿದನು. ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ವೈದ್ಯನು “ಒಬ್ಬ ವೈದ್ಯನಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಏನು ಮಾಡಬಲ್ಲೆನೋ ಅದನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಲು ನನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ಆದರೂ ನಮ್ಮನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ಮೀರಿದ ಶಕ್ತಿಯ ಮುಂದೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಆಟವೇನೂ ನಡೆಯದು.” ಎಂದು ಸಮಾಧಾನ ಹೇಳಿದನು. “ನಾವು ಆ ಕಷ್ಟದ ಭಾಗವಾಗದೇ ಇದ್ದಾಗ, ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಾಂತ್ವನ ಹೇಳೋದು ತುಂಬಾ ಸುಲಭ. ನಾವೇ ಆ ಕಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೆ ಸಿಲುಕಿದಾಗ ಅದರ ಭಾರ ಅರ್ಥವಾಗೋದು” ಎಂದು ತಂದೆಯ ಗೊಣಗಿದಾಗ ವೈದ್ಯನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಲು ತೆರಳಿದನು. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಬಂದ ವೈದ್ಯನು ತಂದೆಯೊಡನೆ “ನೋಡಿದ್ಯಾ, ನಾನೇಳಲಿಲ್ಲವೇ. ಆ ಕಾಣದ ಶಕ್ತಿ ನಿನ್ನ ಕೈಬಿಡಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಮುಗಿದಿದೆ. ಈಗ ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗ ಪ್ರಾಣಾಪಾಯದಿಂದ ಪಾರಾಗಿದ್ದಾನೆ” ಎಂದು ಅವಸರವಾಗಿ ಅಲ್ಲಿಂದ ತೆರಳಿದನು. 

೨. ವೈದ್ಯರ ಯಾವ ಗುಣಗಳು ನಿಮಗೆ ಮೆಚ್ಚುಗೆಯಾದವು? ಏಕೆ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ವೈದ್ಯರ ಮಗ ಹಿಂದಿನ ದಿನವಷ್ಟೇ ನಡೆದ ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಸತ್ತು ಹೋಗಿದ್ದ. ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ರೋಗಿಯ ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಿ ಜೀವ ಉಳಿಸಲು ಅವರಿಗೆ ಫೋನ್ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ ಅವರ  ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ  ದುಃಖದ  ಮಡುವಿನಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರು.  ಆದರೂ ತನ್ನೆಲ್ಲಾ ದುಃಖವನ್ನು ಮರೆತು ಅವರು ತನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಅರ್ಧಕ್ಕೆ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಬಂದಿದ್ದರು. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಿ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ರೋಗಿಯ ಜೀವ ಉಳಿಸಿದರು. ವೈದ್ಯರ ಈ ಗುಣ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬರಿಗೂ ಆದರ್ಶಪ್ರಾಯ ಹಾಗೂ ಮಾದರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ  ಸಮಾಧಾನದಿಂದಿರುವುದು  ವೈದ್ಯರ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಗುಣವಾಗಿದೆ. ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು ಅಷ್ಟೊಂದು ಕೋಪದಿಂದ ಬೈಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೂ ಹಾಗೂ ಅವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಸಾವಿನ ದುಃಖ ಹಾಗೂ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರೂ ಅವರು ಕೋಪಗೊಳ್ಳದೆ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಗೆ ಸಮಾಧಾನದಿಂದ ಉತ್ತರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಹಾಗೂ ತಡವಾದುದಕ್ಕೆ ಕ್ಷಮೆಯನ್ನು ಕೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇಂತಹ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ರೀತಿಯ ಸಮಾಧಾನದ ವರ್ತನೆಯು ಎಲ್ಲರಿಂದ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ. ವೈದ್ಯರ ಇಂತಹ ಗುಣಗಳು ನಮಗೆ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆಯಾಗುತ್ತವೆ. 

ಈ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಯಾರು ಯಾರಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದರು? ವಿವರಿಸಿರಿ.

೧. ಇಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಬರುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ನಿಮಗೆ ಇಷ್ಟೊತ್ತು ಬೇಕಾಯಿತೇ?

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ಗಿರೀಶ್ ತಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟೆ ಅವರು ಬರೆದ ‘ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮಲಗಿದ್ದ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ವೈದ್ಯರಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೨. ಹಣದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಬಿದ್ದವರ ಧಾವಂತವೇ ಇಂತಹದ್ದು.

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ಗಿರೀಶ್ ತಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟೆ ಅವರು ಬರೆದ ‘ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ದೌಡಾಯಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯು ತನ್ನ ಹಿಂದೆ ನಿಂತಿದ್ದ ನರ್ಸ್ ಬಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ. 

೩. ಈಗವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಮಗನ ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಉತ್ತರ:- ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯವನ್ನು ಗಿರೀಶ್ ತಾಳಿಕಟ್ಟೆ ಅವರು ಬರೆದ ‘ಅಂತಿಮ ವಿದಾಯ’ ಎಂಬ ಗದ್ಯದಿಂದ ಆರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾತನ್ನು ಆಪರೇಷನ್ ಮುಗಿಸಿ ಅವಸರದಿಂದ ತನ್ನ ಮಗನ ಅಂತ್ಯಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾಡಲು ದೌಡಾಯಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ವೈದ್ಯರನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ಅಳುತ್ತಾ ನರ್ಸ್ ರೋಗಿಯ ತಂದೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾಳೆ. 

III. ಭಾಷಾಭ್ಯಾಸ :

ಅ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸ್ವಂತ ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ಧಾವಂತ:- ಕಚೇರಿಗೆ ತಡವಾಯಿತು ಎಂದು ಆತನು ಧಾವಂತದಿಂದ ಹೊರಟನು. 

೨. ಸಾಂತ್ವನ:- ಆಟವಾಡುವಾಗ ಎಡವಿ ಬಿದ್ದ ಮಗುವು ಅಳುತ್ತಿರುವುದನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ತಾಯಿ ಸಾಂತ್ವನ ಹೇಳಿದಳು. 

೩. ಪಾರಾಗು:- ಕಷ್ಟ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪಾಯದಿಂದ ಯೋಚಿಸಿದರೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಅಪಾಯದಿಂದ ಪಾರಾಗಬಹುದು.

೪. ಮೂದಲಿಸು:- ಕೆಟ್ಟ ನಡತೆಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಜನರು ಕೆಲವೊಮ್ಮೆ ಮೂದಲಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.   

೫. ಆಕ್ರೋಶ:- ರಾತ್ರಿ ಕಳ್ಳರು ಮನೆಗೆ ಬಂದರೆ ನಾಯಿಗಳು ಆಕ್ರೋಶಗೊಂಡು ಬೊಗಳುತ್ತವೆ.  

೬. ವಿದಾಯ:- ಅಂತಿಮ ವರ್ಷದಲ್ಲಿ ಶಾಲೆಯಿಂದ ಹೊರಹೋಗುವ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿದಾಯಕೂಟ ಏರ್ಪಡಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. 

ಆ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿರುದ್ಧಾರ್ಥಕ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ರೋಗಿ X ನಿರೋಗಿ 

೨. ದುಃಖ X ಸುಖ, ಸಂತೋಷ 

೩. ಶಕ್ತಿ X ನಿಶ್ಶಕ್ತಿ 

೪. ಶಾಂತ X ಅಶಾಂತ

೫. ಸಾವು X ಹುಟ್ಟು

೬. ಅಂತಿಮ X ಆರಂಭ, ಪ್ರಥಮ   

೭. ಅಸಹನೆ X ಸಹನೆ 

೮. ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕ X ಅಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕ 

ಇ) ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡಿಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

೧. ತಾಳ್ಮೆಗೆಟ್ಟ = ತಾಳ್ಮೆ + ಕೆಟ್ಟ 

೨. ಪ್ರಾಣಾಪಾಯ = ಪ್ರಾಣ + ಅಪಾಯ

೩. ಮತ್ತೇನಾದರು = ಮತ್ತೆ + ಏನಾದರೂ  

೪. ಪಣಕ್ಕಿಡು = ಪಣಕ್ಕೆ + ಇಡು 

೫. ಬೇಸರವಾಯಿತು = ಬೇಸರ + ಆಯಿತು 

ಈ) ಕೆಳಗೆ ನೀಡಿದ ಅನ್ಯದೇಶೀಯ ಪದಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಮಾನಾಂತರ ಕನ್ನಡ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

ಮಾದರಿ : ನರ್ಸ್ – ದಾದಿ

೧. ಫೋನ್ – ದೂರವಾಣಿ

೨. ರೂಂ – ಕೊಠಡಿ, ಕೋಣೆ  

೩. ಆಪರೇಷನ್ – ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ 

೪. ಆಕ್ಸಿಡೆಂಟ್ – ಅಪಘಾತ 

೫. ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ – ಚಿತ್ರಮಂದಿರ 

೬. ಸಿಸ್ಟರ್ – ದಾದಿ, ನರ್ಸ್, ಸಹೋದರಿ 

7th Standard, English, Supplementary Reading 3 – A Day’s Wait

yakshadeepa
-
0

7th Standard, Supplementary Reading – 3

A Day’s Wait

(Ernest Hemingway)

Answer these questions.

  1. How old was Schatz? What disease was he suffering from?

Answer: Schatz was nine years old. He was suffering from fever.

  • What is the relationship of the author with Schatz? Which line gives you that information?

Answer: Author is father of Schatz. The line ‘‘you don’t have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.’’ gives us that information.

  • How many capsules did the doctor prescribe? State the purpose of each one.

Answer: The doctor left three different medicines in different coloured capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative, the third to overcome an acid condition.

  • How does the author describe Nature?

Answer: “It was a bright, cold day, the ground covered with a sleet that had frozen so that it seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground had been varnished with ice.” That is how the Author described the nature.

  • “I took the young Irish setter up the road and along a frozen creek.” Who does the young Irish setter refer to?

Answer:  The young Irish setter refers to a red Dog.

  • Why did the writer go out of the house? What did he hunt?

Answer:  The Writer thought perhaps his son Schatz was a little light-headed and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o’clock he went out for a while. Writer was a little puzzled by the son’s behaviour as he decided to get him out of his room. He hunted two birds.

  • What happened at the house in the absence of the writer?

Answer: In the absence of the writer the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room at the house. The father found his son in exactly the position he had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.

  • What caused Schatz panic?

Answer:  At school in France the boys told Schatz that you don’t live forty-four degrees temperature. The doctor had said that he had 102 degrees temperature. So the boy decided that he will die soon and became panic.

  • How could the author convince Schatz that nothing was wrong with him?

Answer: The author convinced Schatz that nothing was wrong with him and there are two different thermometers to measure temperature. That’s a different thermometer what your friends are told. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. The doctor’s thermometer is a new one and in this thermometer 98 degree is normal. These two thermometers are like miles and kilometers. The boy was convinced from this explanation.

  1. What was the effect of the clarification on Schatz? Which lines tell us about the effect?

Answer: The father’s explanation made Schatz fearless from the death.

 “But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too….” These lines are tells us about the effect.

11. Are these statements true or false?

a. Schatz was suffering from Pneumonia. – False

b. Schatz liked his father reading to him. – False

c. The father shot down a fox when he was hunting. – False

d. The cat in the house accompanied his father when he went out hunting. – False

Think and answer

  1. How was Schatz really cured? Was it by medicine or by the clarification given by his father?

Answer: Schatz really cured by the clarification given by his father.

  • Why didn’t the boy allow anyone into his room?

Answer: The boy thought that anyway he will die from the fever. He thought that if anyone comes contact with him, even they will also die. So the boy didn’t allow anyone into his room.

7th Standard, Social, Geography, CHAPTER 27 – ANTARCTICA

yakshadeepa
-
0

7th Social Geography – CHAPTER 27

ANTARCTICA

Exercises

I Fill in the blanks with a suitable word:

1 The landmass nearest to the continent of Antarctica is 

 Capehorn

2 The one who discovered the continent of Antarctica 

was  Charles Wills.

3 The person who discovered the South Pole was Shackleton of England.

4 The first research station established by the Indian 

team in Antarctica was ‘Dakshina Gangotri.

II Answer the following questions.

1. Mention the location and extent of Antarctica.

Answer: The Location and extent of Antarctica is as follows.

Location : Antarctica is the continent which surrounds the South Pole. Most of the continent lies within the Antarctic Circle or 66030′ South latitude. The uniqueness of the continent is that it is positioned opposite to the Arctic Ocean in the North Pole.

Extent : Antarctica is the fifth largest continent with a total area of 14.2 million km2. It is larger than India and China and is one and a half times larger in area than the USA.

2. Explain the physical settings of Antarctica.

Answer: The continent of Antarctica is surrounded by water bodies. It is often called the Southern Ocean or Antarctic Ocean. It is not a separate water body. Instead, it is formed by the meeting of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Capehorn, the souther most part of 

Latin America, is the nearest land to this continent. It is at a distance of 990 km. Antarctica is bound by the Indian Ocean on the East, the Pacific Ocean on the West and the Atlantic ocean on the Northwest. 

3. Mention the important mountains and peaks of Antarctica.

Answer: Antarctica has the relief features such as mountains, plateaus, valleys and gorges. Antarctica is the highest continent at an average elevation of 2300 m above sea level. The trans-Antarctic mountain range divides Antarctica into two major physical divisions – (1) East Antarctica and (2) West Antarctica. 

i) East Antarctica faces the South Atlantic Ocean 

and the Indian ocean; it covers more than half of the continent and is called the greater Antarctica. Along its coast, there are mountains, valleys and glaciers. The central part of the region is a plateau where the South Pole is located. 

ii) West Antarctica is towards the Pacific Ocean. Much of its area lies below sea level. The peninsular region of Antarctica is a mountainous ‘S’ shaped fringe of land that points towards South America.

There are several islands near it. In addition, it also has mountain peaks and  volcanoes. Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica (5140 m) is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Mt. Erebus, Antarctica’s most active volcano is on Ross Island. Prince Charles mountains is another prominent mountain group. Two large gulfs cut into Antarctica on the opposite ends of the trans antarctic mountain range, namely the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. 

4. Name the plants and animals of Antarctica.

Answer: Very limited plant life can survive in Antarctica. It mainly consists of mosses, algae and lichens growing on the exposed part of rocks. Only very few animals which can survive the adverse climate, live in Antarctica. But a variety of animal life can be found in the surrounding water bodies. For example, the krills, penguins, whales, seals and a variety of seabirds. The krill, a small fish resembling shrimps and prawns, is found in abundance. Adelie, Emperor and Chinstrap are the chief species of penguins found here.

 5. Mention the Indian Research Centres in Antarctica.

Answer: The Indian Research Centres in Antarctica are,

  1. ‘Dakshina Gangotri’
  2. ‘Maithri’
  3. ‘Bharathi’

 The first research centre established by the Indian scientists was called ‘Dakshina Gangotri’. It was built in 1983 and was named in 1989. Presently, there are no men here and it is only used for storage purposes. ‘Maithri’ is the second research station. It was set up on the Schirmacher Oasis (1988-89). It is all-weather proof and can accommodate 26 people. 255m from this station. India has built a freshwater lake known as ‘Priyadarshini’. The Maithri Research Centre conducts research on Geology, Geography and Medicine.

India has proposed to build another research center ‘Bharathi’. It intends to do research on Oceanography. Necessary survey has already been completed.

7th Standard, Social, Civics, Chapter 25 – UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION (U.N.O.)

yakshadeepa
-
0

7th Standard, Social – Civics, Chapter 25

UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION (U.N.O.)

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1 The head office of the UN is situated in New York

2 Maintenance of international peace and security is the main function of the Security council of the UN.

3 Total members of the UN Security Council is 15.

4 The International Court of Justice is situated at Hague in the Netherlands.

II Answer the following in one word or sentence each:

1 When did the United Nations Organization start?

                Answer: The United Nations Organization started in 24th October 1945.

2 Who was responsible for the establishment of the UN?

Answer: US President Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Churchill and the Russian dictator Stalin, the representatives from 51 nations was responsible for the establishment of the UN.

3 What is called the ‘Parliament of the UN’?

                Answer: The General Assembly is called the ‘Parliament of the UN’

4 Who are the permanent members of the UN Security Council?

Answer: United States, Russia, Britain, France and China are the permanent members of the UN Security Council

5 Name two great Indians who have rendered services to the UN.

Answer: Smt. Vijayalakshmi Pandit and Justice Benagal Narsing Rao are the two great Indians who have rendered services to the UN

6 Mention one reason for the declaration of UN Charter of Human Rights.

                Answer: The atrocities of World War II are the one reason for the declaration of UN Charter of Human Rights.

III Answer the following in two or three sentences each:

1 What are the basic objectives of the United Nations Organization?

                Answer: The basic objectives of the United Nations Organization are,

  1. maintain international peace and security.
  2. develop friendly relations, on the basis of equality, among all the nations of the world.
  3. Co-operated in solving international economic social cultural and humanitarian problems.
  4. promote respect for human rights.
  5. function as a conducive centre to achieve its aims.

2 Explain the functions of the UN Security Council.

Answer:  The major functions of the Security Council are to provide suitable suggestions regarding the decisions taken by the General Assembly and to maintain global peace and security. The Security Council consists of representatives from 15 member nations. United States, Russia, Britain, France and China are the permanent members. The approval of the nine member nations is necessary for any resolution to be passed in the Security Council. No decision will be approved even if any one of the permanent members opposes it. The power of the permanent member nation to oppose a decision is called Veto.

3 Make a list of four achievements of the United Nations Organization.

                Answer: The achievements of the United Nations Organization are,

  1. Economic contribution: It has given economic aid to various domains such as Health, Transport, Communication, Food, Science, Education etc.
  2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights : The declaration of Human Rights by the UN is their special achievement
  3. Help in rise of new nations: UN has strived to aid the rise of many independent nations which were colonized by foreign rule.
  4. Social contribution: The UN has provided aid to millions of refugees. It has commanded appreciation by providing special needs to infants, mothers and weaker sections of the people.
  5. Establishment of Peace: The UN has brought hope by preventing another world war by establishing world peace, in a world which was shaken by two world wars. Ban on use of nuclear weapon, after 1945, is the greatest achievement of the UNO.

4 Name the specialized agencies of the UN.

                Answer: The specialized agencies of the UN are,

  1. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO – Head office is situated in Paris, France.
  2. Food and Agricultural Organization – FAO – Head office is situated in Rome, Italy.
  3. World Health Organization – WHO – Head office is situated in Geneva, Switzerland.
  4. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund – UNICEF – Head office is situated in New York, USA.

5 What is ‘Veto’?

                Answer: No decision will be approved even if any one of the permanent members of Security Council opposes it. The power of the permanent member nation of Security Council to oppose a decision is called Veto.

6 Mention two limitations of the UN.

Answer: The limitations of the UN are,

  1. The Cold War ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union. United States is claiming to be the world leader and showing its attitude as the big brother of the world in this changed situation. This has threatened the multicultural pattern of life in the world.
  2. The UN has not been able to implement many of its decisions. As the UNO has to enforce peace by using the armed forces of the member nations, the UN has no military of its own.
  3. Since the consent of the permanent members of the Security Council is mandatory, in the absence of acceptance of even one of the permanent member, a decision cannot be implemented.

Additional questions of this lesson:

  1. What are the main bodies of UN?

Answer: The main bodies of UN are,

  1. The General Assembly   b) The Security Council   c) The Economic and Social Council
  2. International Court of Justice  e) The Secretariat  f) The Trusteeship Council
  3. Which are the official languages currently being used by the UN?

Answer:  English, Russian, Spanish, Chinese, French, Arabic etc. are the official languages currently being used by the UN. It generally uses English.

  • Who is the present Secretary-General of the UN Secretariat?

Answer: The present Secretary-General of the UN Secretariat is Mr. Antonio Guterres (Portugal).

  • When UN day is celebrated?

Answer:  UN day is celebrated on 24th October, worldwide.

  • Who are the two Indian judges in International Court of Justice of UN? 

Answer: Justice Benagal Narsing Rao and Dr. Nagendra Singh are the two Indian judges in International Court of Justice of UN.

7th Standard, Social, History, CHAPTER 19 – PRO-SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF KARNATAKA

yakshadeepa
-
0

7th Social History – CHAPTER 19

PRO-SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF KARNATAKA

EXERCISES

I Fill up the blanks with a suitable word:

1 The movement started by Sundarlal Bahuguna was Chipko Movement

2 Celebrations of the National Women’s Day started in 1923, February 13.

3 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was given the title ‘Dalit Surya’.

4 The Language Committee was formed under the chairmanship of Dr. Vinayak Krishna Gokak

II Answer in one word or sentence each.

1 Why did the movement ‘Save the source of Tunga’ begin?

Answer: The movement ‘Save the source of Tunga’ begins because the people realized that the river was getting polluted.

2 What is meant by ‘Appiko’ movement?

Answer: The Appiko movement was a protest against deforestation in the Sahyadri and Western Ghats of Karnataka. “Appiko” is a Kannada word that means “hug” or “embrace”. People hugged trees to protest against cutting the trees.

3 What is ‘Social Forestry’?

Answer: The forest department started planting exotic plants like Nilgiri and Acacia. This project is called Social forestry.

4 Who were the first women to get B.A.(Honours) degree in Karnataka?

Answer: In Karnataka, Srirangamma and Rukminamma were the first women to get B.A. Honours degree.

III Answer in two or three sentences each.

1 Why should we save ancient lakes?

Answer: Lakes provides water for people, agriculture activity, animals, birds and all the living beings. Lakes are used for cultural and religious purposes and they are home to many unique species. That is why we have to save ancient lakes.

2 Name the important movements relating to the protection of the environment.

Answer: The important movements relating to the protection

of the environment are,

  1. Sahyadri Mining Protest Forum
  2. Tunga River Protection Drive
  3. Chipko or Appiko Movement
  4. Save Cubbon Park
  5. Movements against mining in Ballari, Tumakuru, Chitradurga, Chikkamagaluru, North Canara, Davanagere, Ramnagara and other districts

3 Why did the Dalit Movement begin?

Answer: Dalits had no place even in the caste system. They were lower than the lowest.             They were kept away from the main stream in society for the sole reason that they were born in untouchable families.

The non-Brahmin movements that started in the 20th century did not include the dalits. Protesting against this, the ‘Dalit Movement’ started in the 1970s C.E. and grew into a decisive force.

4 What are the catch words of the Dalit Movement?

Answer:  Education, organization and agitation became the catch words of the dalit movements. They became organisationally conscious that the solution to the problems of the dalits was in achieving political goals.

IV Discuss.

1 The achievements of the Dalit movements.

Answer: Education, organization and agitation became the catch words of the dalit movements. They became organisationally conscious that the solution to the problems of the dalits was in achieving political goals. Among the dalits, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a symbol of self-respect and came to be known as ‘Dalit Surya’. Echoes of all these developments sounded in Karnataka too.

Later in 1976 C.E. an ‘Association of Dalit Writers and Artists’ was formed in Bhadravati. The firm steps of the Karnataka dalit movement can be traced to this association. Subsequently, they founded ‘Karnataka Dalit Sangharsha Samiti’ under the aegis of the association. Its branches including associations of employees, women, municipality workers, students, writers and artists were started. The dalits who traditionally had no land began demanding land. Securing entry into centres of authority through academic growth was another objective of the dalit movement.

9th Standard, Social, BUSINESS STUDIES, CHAPTER 33 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT

yakshadeepa
-
0

9th Standard, Social, BUSINESS STUDIES, CHAPTER – 33

MARKETING MANAGEMENT

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. The place where sellers and buyers meet to sell and buy the goods is generally called Market.

2. The market that is generally restricted to a geographical region is called Regional market.

3. The markets that are regulated by statutory regulations is called Regulated Markets.

4. Storing of goods between the time of production and the time of sale is facilitated by ware housing.

5. The activities that pursue customers to buy the products come under the scope of Promotion mix.

6. The best example for the goods sold by the producers directly to the consumer is Direct selling.

7. For all the brand registered products, on packages ‘R’ in a circle’ (registered trademark symbol) is indicated.

8. The assurance of the standard quality of product to consumers is assured by Quality assurance of goods.

II. Answer each of the following questions in a sentence or two.

9. Mention the four types of markets classified under the basis of area.

Answer: The four types of markets classified under the basis of area are, 

1. Local market

2. Regional market

3. National market

4. International market

10. What are money markets? How are they different from capital markets?

Answer: Money market is a specialized market for availing short term finance to business houses. E.g.: Share market, banking systems. 

But capital market is different from Money market. Capital market is a specialized market for availing long term finance to business houses, generally through financial institutions and stock exchanges. Eg.: Share Market.

11. What are producers markets and what are consumers markets?

Answer: Goods are purchased for the use in the further process of production is called producers markets. 

When goods are purchased for personal consumption is called consumers markets.

12. What is a spot market and how is it different from future market?

Answer: Goods are sold to the buyers on the spot where the sellers agree to sell their products and buyers agree to buy them for consideration is called spot market. Spot market is different from future market because in Future market goods are transferred at a later date.

13. Mention any four types of non-traditional markets.

Answer: The four types of non-traditional markets are as follows.

  1. Mail order houses
  2. Tele shopping
  3. Virtual stores
  4. Catalogue market
  5. Online marketing

14. What do you mean by Marketing mix?

Answer: Formulation and implementing the methods of marketing is called ‘Marketing Mix’.

15. Why is consumer protection required?

Answer: Consumer protection is required because it protect to consumers against the exploitation by the producers and traders. There is a great need for consumer protection. To safeguard the interests of consumers, consumer rights are assured.

16. What is branding of goods?

Answer:  This is the act of fixing a symbol or some letter to a product to distinguish it from the products of others. Branding brings down selling costs, widens the market and creates a demand for a particular or branded ‘product’. Brand should be duly registered under the Trade Marks Act. The letter ® within a circle on each product and package indicates that the selected brand is duly registered. Others cannot use this brand name. If used legal action can be taken. e.g.: Reebok shoes, Rin soap, Parker pen etc.

III. Answer each of the following questions in about eight to ten sentences.

17. What are the functions of marketing? Explain any one function briefly? 

Answer: Some of the major functions of marketing are as follows.

1. Buying and assembling.

2. Selling.

3. Transportation.

4. Storage and warehousing.

5. Market research.

6. Standardization.

7. Grading.

8. Branding.

9. Insurance.

Explanation of one function:

Buying and assembling: Buying in marketing implies buying of goods by the manufacturers for use in production or buying of goods from middle men for resale. It is not buying of goods by the consumers for consumption. Assembling is a function which starts after buying is over.

18. What are the main elements of marketing mix? Explain any one of them?

The elements of marketing mix are made up of four forces namely,

  1. Product mix 2) Price mix 3) Promotion mix 4) Place mix

1. Product Mix: It is a very important and vital element of the marketing mix. The producer aims at producing quality products but emphasis is also given to the variety of the product, design of the product, packaging, colour and other features under the product mix.

19. What is the importance of marketing? How does marketing help in improvement of standard of living?

Answer: The importance of marketing are,

1) Standard of living

2) Consumer satisfaction

3) Employment opportunity

4) Resources

5) International Marketing

6) Economic development

Availability and consumption of various types of products and services increase the standard of living of the people. That is how marketing will help in improvement of standard of living.

IV. Activities:

  • Collect any two consumer disputes which appeared in Newspapers. Write about the dicision pronounced by the consumer forum.

1. Zomato ordered to pay Rs 60,000 to Karnataka woman for not delivering momos worth Rs 133.25 -A consumer court in Karnataka has ordered Zomato to pay a woman from Dharwad Rs 60,000 for failing to deliver her order of momos placed online last year. The order by the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission in Dharwad came on July 3.

2. Lufthansa fined Rs 1 lakh for not informing passenger about Schengen visa

Man was travelling to Canada for higher studies but was stopped at Mumbai airport on April 13, 2022, for not possessing a mandatory Schengen visa required for transiting through European countries like Germany. Lufthansa had not informed him of this requirement during the ticket booking process.

Some more questions:

  1. Mention the different types of markets.

Answer: The different types of markets are as follows.

1. On the basis of area – Local market, Regional market, National market, International market.

2. On the basis of items – Commodity market, Money market, Capital market.

3. On the basis of Link – Primary market, Secondary market, Terminal market.

4. On the basis of volume of business – Wholesale market, Retail market

5. On the basis of nature of transactions – Spot Market. Future market

6. On the basis of nature of goods – Consumers market, Producers market

7. On the basis of Regulation – Regulated market, Non-regulated market or free market

8. Traditional and Non Traditional markets

2. How does Marketing create employment opportunity?

Answer: Many institutions are involved in the process of marketing. For example manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, transport agencies, banks, insurance logistic, transcribing and supply chain management agencies etc., in the course of executing marketing activities. These activities create employment opportunities in the country.

3 . Why Marketing mix is important?

Answer: Marketing mix is important because of the following reasons:

1) Marketing mix helps the firm to increase its sales and profit.

2) Marketing mix serves as a link between the firm and its customers.

3) Marketing mix helps to meet the needs of the customers.

4. What are the two categories of distribution?

Answer: The distribution channel can be classified mainly into two categories. They are:

a. Direct distribution channel or Direct selling

b. Indirect distribution channel or indirect selling.

5. What are the distribution channels in Indirect selling?

Answer: The channels in indirect selling are,

1. Producer → Retailer → Consumer

2. Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer

3. Producer → Agent → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer

4. Producer → Wholesaler → Consumer

6. Explain the role of middleman in the channel of distribution

Answer: The distribution channel of a product begins with the producers and ends with the consumers. In between producer and the final consumer various middlemen are included. They either purchase and sell goods or negotiate purchases and sales. However transporting agents, banks, insurance companies which also help in the movement of goods are not included in the distribution channel. This is because though these agencies perform certain functions of marketing, they neither purchase nor sell the goods or negotiate the purchases and sales of goods.

7. Mention the different Consumer Regulatory Acts passed in India.

Answer: The different Consumer Regulatory Acts passed in India are,

(1) Indian Contracts Act-1872

(2) The sale of goods Act-1930

(3) Indian Standards Institutions Act-1952

(4) Essential Commodities Act-1955

(5) The Consumer Protection Act-1986.

8. What are the rights of consumers according to The Consumer Protection Act?

Answer: According to The Consumer Protection Act the rights of consumers are as follows.

  1. The right to protect: Against the marketing of goods which are hazardous to life and property.
  2. The right to information: Information about the quality, quantity, purity, standard etc. to protect the consumers against unfair trade practices.
  3. Right to choice: Wherever possible access to variety of goods at competitive prices.
  4. Right to be heard: The interests of the consumers to be heard with due consideration.
  5. Right to seek redressal: Against the unfair trade practices or unscrupulous exploitation.
  6. Right to consumer education: The consumers are to be educated about their rights.
  7. Right to stop exploitation.
  8. Right to healthy environment that is good physical environment will enhance the quality of their life.

9. Name the Consumer grievances disputes redressal Agencies.

Answer: The consumer disputes redressal agencies are,

(1) District Commission

(2) State Commission

(3) National Commission.

9th Standard, Social, Economics CHAPTER 32 – LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

yakshadeepa
-
0

9th Standard, Social/ Economics CHAPTER – 32

LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1) The famous book of Admsmith is The wealth of Nations.

2) Abolition of bonded labour act was passed in the year 1976.

3) When the marginal productivits of a labour is Zero is known as disguised unemployment.

4) Division of labour increases efficiency of Labour.

5) Abolition of child labour act was passed in the year 1986.

II. Discuss in groups and answer the following.

6) What is meant by division of labour?

Answer: Division of Labour means the allocation of different parts of the production process to different workers or to different groups of workers.

7) What is meant by child labour?

Answer: The children working below the age of 14 years to work is called child Labour.

8) Define unemployment.

Answer: An unemployed is one who is willing to work at the prevailing market rate, but still does not get the work.

9) Explain the advantages of division of labour.

Answer: The important advantages of the division of labour are,

  1. Efficiency of Labour: The basic advantage of division of Labour is that it increases the efficiency of Labour
  2. Quality of production: The increase in the efficiency of Labour leads not only to an increase in the quantity of output but also to an improvement in the quality of the produced goods and services.
  3. Profit: The increase in quantity and quality of output brings greater Profit.
  4. Average cost: Since Division of Labour increases the total output the average cost of producing a commodity falls, then consumers get goods at cheap rate.
  5. Research and Development: Division of Labour at a longer period helps in research and innovation which leads to produce variety of new products.

10) List the disadvantages of division of labour.

Answer: The important disadvantages of division of labour are,

  1. Monotony of work: Under division of Labour, a worker has to do the same job time and again for years together. Therefore; after some time, the worker feels bored.
  2. Lack of responsibility: If the quality of the product is not up to the expected level, none can be held responsible
  3. Increased dependence: When the production is divided up into a number of processes and each part is performed by different workers, it may lead to dependence among workers.
  4. Unemployment: Division of Labour leads to specialization. A worker instead of completing the whole article is specialized in making a small part of it. If he/she is removed from the job, he/she has to look for a job which is of the same type till then he will be unemployed.
  5. Class conflict:-Division of Labour facilitates large scale production which helps the producers to earn huge profits. The producers thus become rich by paying less wages to the workers. This divides the society into haves and have nots (rich and poor).

11) State the meaning of productive and reproductive labour.

Answer: Productive Labour is that which creates some utility or which has undergone for earning an income. Reproductive Labour is the work at domestic place, at house. It can also be called as Domestic Labour. It is unpaid work, performed by women in home. Child rearing and caring, cleaning, cooking etc. are the examples for Reproductive labour.

12) What are the types of unemployment?

Answer: The types of unemployment are as follows.

  1. Disguised unemployment
  2. Seasonal unemployment
  3. Industrial Unemployment
  4. Educational Unemployment

13) Identify the differences between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment.

Disguised unemployment: It is a situation of unemployment with surplus manpower than actual requirement and in which the marginal productivity of some workers are zero. So even removal of them will not affect the volume of total production. It is also called under employment of Labour.

Seasonal unemployment: People engaged in such a type of work or activities may remain unemployed during the off season. This is called Seasonal unemployment.

14) How industrial unemployment is different from educational unemployment?  

Industrial Unemployment: – If a person remain unemployed for a given period due to the changes in the industrial sector it is called as Industrial Unemployment. E.g.: People who migrate to urban areas in search of jobs fail to get jobs due to lack of special training and skill.

Educational Unemployment: -The condition of educated people not having job though they are interested and capable of doing it.

IV. Projects:

  1. Prepare a project on different types of unemployment and state its position in today’s India.

Answer: There are many types of unemployment and state its position in India. They are,

Disguised unemployment: It is a situation of unemployment with surplus manpower than actual requirement and in which the marginal productivity of some workers are zero. So even removal of them will not affect the volume of total production. It is also called under employment of Labour.

Seasonal unemployment: People engaged in such a type of work or activities may remain unemployed during the off season. This is called Seasonal unemployment.

Industrial Unemployment: – If a person remain unemployed for a given period due to the changes in the industrial sector it is called as Industrial Unemployment. E.g.: People who migrate to urban areas in search of jobs fail to get jobs due to lack of special training and skill.

Educational Unemployment: -The condition of educated people not having job though they are interested and capable of doing it.

Cyclical unemployment: Reason for this unemployment is economic downturns, when businesses lay off workers

Structural unemployment: This unemployment occurs when the skills of the workforce don’t match the skills required for jobs 

Frictional unemployment: This unemployment occurs when people searching jobs, this is the time between jobs when someone is looking for a new job 

  • Write a report on gender dimensions laboring

Answer:  The gender division of labour refers to the allocation of different jobs or types of work to women and men. A lack of employment opportunities outside the home combined with financial constraints forces women staying behind to work at home as a substitute for male migrants’ work, as ‘unpaid’ workers. Women constitute nearly 30% of the labour force in rural area and 20% in urban areas. The percentage of women labour force is low when it is compared to the male, but the share of women force in total labour force has been increasing gradually. Women are equally important, like men for the growth and development of a country. With economic progress, women are emerging as a force of empowering India. But it is unfortunate that the socio economic status of women labour in India is not increasing. In one way or the other women are exploited in the society.

The female participation in labour force has increased by 9.5% points in 2021-22 over the year 2017-18, this upward trend in female LFPR is the result of various influential factors.

Around 39.3% females of age group 15-59 years in rural areas were in labour force during 2021-22, registered an increase of 12.7% points from the year 2017-18. In urban areas, around 26.5% females were in labour force during 2021-22 as compared to 22.3% in 2017-18.

The main reason for men not being in labour force was continuation of their study. Around 71.7% men wanted to continue their study and it keeps them outside the labour force.

20.6% of total rural women were engaged in Agriculture work and major portion 14.2% women are working as helper and only 6.4% females are own employer. Only 1.4% of total rural women were engaged in “Services Sector.

Some more Questions:

  1. What are the features of Labour?

Answer: The features of Labour are,

1. Labour cannot be separated from the Labourer

2. Labour cannot be accumulated

3. Labour supply varies over time

4. Labour is less mobile

5. Labour differs in efficiency

6. Labour is an active factor.

2. What are the types of Labour?

Answer: Labour can be of many types. It can be categorized as-

1. Nature of work done: Physical and mental Labour

2. Skill:- Skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled Labour

3. Training: Professional and Administrative Labour

4. Income earned:  Productive and reproductive Labour.

3. What is productive labour?

Answer: Productive Labour is that which creates some utility or which has undergone for earning an income.

According to Adam smith ‘productive Labour is only that Labour, which leads to the creation of material goods or assets’.

4. What is Reproductive Labour?

Answer: Reproductive Labour is the work at domestic place, at house. It can also be called as Domestic Labour.

5. What is Bonded Labour?

Answer: Bonded labour is one who is bound to work in the house of the land lord for a fixed amount up to a fixed period or till the repayment of the borrowed money.

6. What is Child Labour?

Answer: The children working below the age of 14 years to work is called child Labour.

7. What is an employment? 

Answer: Employment is a situation where a person is engaged in the work at the prevailing wage rate in the market, to maintain his/her livelihood as it brings regular income either in private or public sector.

8. What is unemployment? 

Answer: An unemployed is one who is willing to work at the prevailing market rate, but still does not get the work is called unemployment.

9. What is youth unemployment?

Answer: Unemployment among the people between the age group of 15-30 years is called youth unemployment.

9th Standard Karnataka, Social, Geography, CHAPTER 30 – MAJOR TOURIST CENTRES OF KARNATAKA

yakshadeepa
-
0

9th Karnataka Social Geography CHAPTER – 30

MAJOR TOURIST CENTRES OF KARNATAKA

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Nandi Hill Station is in Chikballapur district.

2. Abbe falls is near to Madikeri (Mercara) town.

3. Gokak waterfall is called Niagara of Karnataka.

4. Om beach is near Gokarna.

5. Mysore city is called the ‘City of Palaces’.

II. Answer the following questions in brief.

6. What are the advantages of tourism?

Answer: Tourism has become an inevitable part of the human life today. We gain knowledge about the place, culture, civilization and life style etc. Tourism has many advantages, including economic benefits, environmental benefits, and cultural benefits. Tourism creates jobs in many sectors, including hotels, restaurants, transportation, and entertainment. Tourism brings in foreign currency, which helps the economy. Tourism can improve a country’s brand image. Tourism gives localities a chance to showcase their culture and raise their profile. 

7. Name the sites included in the UNESCO’s world heritage sites list.

Answer: UNESCO has recognized and included Hampi, Pattadakal, and recently, the Western Ghats and the Hoysala Temples of Beluru, Halebeedu and Somanathapura as ‘World Heritage Sites’.

8. Name the attractive places of Bengaluru.

Answer: The city of Bengaluru is attracting large number of tourists. It has a pleasant climate, wonderful buildings like Vidhana Soudha, Vikasa Soudha, Udyoga Soudha, High Court, Nehru Planetorium, Vishveshwaraiah industrial and techonological musuem, beautiful gardens like Lalbagh and Cubbon Park and hence it is called ‘Garden City’. It is Karnataka’s largest city and one of the megacities of the country.

9. Name the wildlife sanctuaries of Karnataka.

Answer: For the conservation of wild life in their natural habitat, 36 wildlife sanctuaries have been identified. Of these Melukote, Kaveri, Mookambika, Kappathagudda, Jogimatti, Bheemaghada, Chincoli, Talakaveri wild life sanctuaries are the main ones. The five national parks in Karnataka are Rajiv Gandhi National Park in Nagarahole, Bandipur, Bannerghatta, Kudremukh and Anshi National Park.

10. Name the important of waterfalls of Karnataka.

Answer: The important of waterfalls of Karnataka are, Jog Falls of Shivamogga, ‘Gaganachukki’ and ‘Bharachukki’ in Mandya, ‘Abbe falls’ in Kodagu, Hebbe falls near Kemmanagundi hill station, Kalhatagiri falls, Unchalli Falls (called Loushington) Uttara Kannada district and Gokak Falls in Belagavi district, Magod falls etc.

11. What is the theme of Karnataka tourism department?

Answer: “One state many worlds”. This is the theme of Karnataka Tourism department.

III. Match the following.

A                                                                     B

i. Biligirirangana hills                                 b. Chamarajnagar district

ii. Gandhi Bhavan                                       d. Nandi Hills

iii. Nagara Hole                                           a. Rajeev Gandhi National Park

iv. Mysuru                                                    e. Chamundi Hills

v. Udupi                                                        c. St. Mary’s Island

IV. Activities:

1. Make a list of the hill stations and wild life sanctuaries of Karnataka.

Answer: The hill stations and wild life sanctuaries of Karnataka are,

Hill stations of Karnataka: Kudremukh hill station of Chikkamagaluru district, Nandi hill station of Chikballapur district, B.R.Hills, Agumbe Sunset spot, Kemmannugundi, Devarayanadurga, Jogi hills of Chitradurga district,Kodachadri, Himavadgopalaswamy hills, the rocky hillocks of Ramnagar, Madhugiri Monolithic hill, the enchanting rock formations at Yana.

The wild life sanctuaries of Karnataka: Rajiv Gandhi National Park in Nagarahole, Bandipur, Bannerghatta, Kudremukh and Anshi National Park, Melukote, Kaveri, Mookambika, Kappathagudda, Jogimatti, Bheemaghada, Chincoli, Talakaveri wild life sanctuaries are the main ones.

Some more questions:

  1. Mention the historical places of Karnataka.

Answer: The historical places of Karnataka are Hampi, Belur, Halebid, Somnathpur, Badami, Pattadakal, Aihole, Gol Gumbuz of Vijayapura, Lakkundi, Banavasi, Basaralu, Belligave, Mysuru, Srirangapatna etc.

  • Name the Places of Pilgrimage in Karnataka.

Answer:  The Places of Pilgrimage in Karnataka are Dharmasthala, Udupi, Sringeri, Horanadu, Kollur, Gokarna, Ulavi, Sirsi, Shravanabelagola, Kudala Sangama, Melukote, Adichunchunagiri, Karkala, Devaragudda, Mylarakshetra, Bande Nawaz Darga of Kalaburagi, Ibrahim Roza of Vijayapura, Mallikrahan Darga of Sira, St.Philomena Church in Mysuru, Rosario Cathedral in Mangaluru etc.

  • What are Forts in Karnataka?

Answer: There are many historic and strong forts in Karnataka and they are favourite tourist spots, for example : Fort of Bidar, Vijayapura, Kalaburagi, Hampi (Vijayanagar), Keladi, Chitradurga, Madhugiri, Nandi Hills, Pavagada, Manjrabad, Ucchangidurga, Kavaledurga, Parathagadha, Srirangapatna, the coastal forts of Bahadurgadha, Basavarajadurga, Devagadha Kurmagadha etc.

  • What are the famous tourist spots in Mysuru?

Answer: The famous tourist spots in Mysuru are Ambavilas palace, Jaganmohan palace, Chamundi Hills, K.R.Sagar Dam and Brindavan gardens, the Mysuru Zoo, Kabini dam, Nugu forest, Shakuvana, Bylukuppe, Venkatappa Art Gallery etc.

9th Standard, English, POEM 10 – PHOTOGRAPH

yakshadeepa
-
0

   9th Standard English POEM 10

 PHOTOGRAPH

Glossary

paddling: moving like rowing

transient: momentary ; not lasting for long.

wry: distorted.

Comprehension:

C1. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two each:

1. How many people are there in the photograph?

Answer: There are three people in the photograph.

2. How is the poet related to the people in the photograph?

Answer: The mother and the two cousins of the poet named Betty and Dolly are in the photograph. Thus the poet related to the people in the photograph.

3. Who was taking the snapshot?

Answer: Uncle was taking the snapshot.

4. Is the mother described in the photo alive?

Answer: No. She is not alive.

5. Which aspect of the mother does the poet like very much?

Answer: The poet likes the sweet and smiling face of mother very much which was captured in the photograph.

C2. Discuss the answers for the following questions with your partner and then write down in your notebook.

1) Why does the writer say

“And of this circumstance

There is nothing to say at all

Its silence silences”?

Answer: The poet knows that her mother’s death is a fact and she can’t do anything about it. The poet has nothing to say about her mother’s death and the emptiness left after her death shatters the poet. This expression from the poem ‘The Photograph’ by Shirley Toulson means the truth and mystery of the poet’s mother’s death fills him with sadness. The constant pain she experiences on account of her loss makes her silent. She is unable to solve the mystery about death. She can’t do anything about it. Whenever she remembers her mother, she just becomes silent with the pain that followed after her mother’s death.  Its silence silences.” The poet’s mother has now been dead for nearly as long as the girl in the photograph. The poet is at a loss for words to express her feelings about her mother’s death. It’s a solemn moment, and its silence has rendered her speechless.

2)  Does the poet notice any change in the mother after the poet was born? What do you think could have made the change in the mother’s face?

Answer: Yes. The poet notices the change in the mother’s face after the poet was born. She adores her “sweet” face and observes how it changes as she grows older. She recalls every detail of her life, including her laughter when she looked at the photograph. This could have been the outcome of sorrowful incidents or hardships in life. Age and ill health also might have made the mother lose the sweetness of her face and smile. The poet is looking at her mother’s photograph which is indeed an old one. With it she can see how her mother looked when she was a little girl of twelve. It might have been windy at that time as their hair was flying on their faces when the uncle took the photograph. All the three smile through their flying hair. Looking at the photograph, the poet says that her mother had a sweet face, but it was a time before the poet was born.

3) Why are the feet described as “transient feet”?  

Answer: The feet described as “transient feet” to symbolize the temporary nature of human life. The phrase is a metaphor that compares the permanence of the sea to the fleeting presence of humans. The word “transient” means something that is short-lived or temporary. The poet uses “feet” to symbolize humans. The poet suggests that the sea remains the same while humans grow old and die. Transient means something which is temporary or short-lived. Here, when the author says terribly transient feet, she refers to the ever-changing imprints of the feet left on the sea sand. The sea never appears to change but human life is transient. The poet suggests that human existence is transitory, but the sea seems never to change. 

C3. Answer the following questions on your own.

  1. What is the mood of the poet?

Answer: In the poem “A Photograph,” the poet’s mood is predominantly sad and nostalgic as she looks at an old picture of her mother, reflecting on the passage of time and the loss of her mother who is now deceased, causing a deep sense of grief and longing. 

  • Which line in the poem does you like the most? Why?

Answer: I like the lines “A sweet face, My mother’s, that was before I was born, And the sea, which appears to have changed less”.

Here poet explains the changing mind of every human being. The poet notices the change in the mother’s face after the poet was born. She adores her “sweet” face and observes how it changes as she grows older. She recalls every detail of her life, including her laughter when she looked at the photograph. This could have been the outcome of sorrowful incidents or hardships in life. Age and ill health also might have made the mother lose the sweetness of her face and smile. The poet is looking at her mother’s photograph which is indeed an old one.

  • Is there any change in the life of the poet’s mother over the years? What kind of a person, you think she was? Describe the mother in the poem do in your own words.

Answer: Yes, there has been a lot of change in the life of the poet’s mother over the years. As a child, the poet’s mother was a carefree and friendly person. She had a smiling and sweet face in the photograph when she posed for it, holding the hands of her. She changed after the birth of poet. The poet’s mother had posed for the photograph with her cousins when she was young and was not yet bogged down by the responsibilities and hardships of life. In old age, along with inevitable physical changes, they also experience a change in their mental make-up because of the challenges in life.

1...567...400Page 6 of 400

EDITOR PICKS

POPULAR POSTS

POPULAR CATEGORY

ABOUT US

Yakshagana news website

Contact us: [email protected]

FOLLOW US

© Website Designed and Developed By Karnataka Best Web Design