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9th Standard, Social, History, CHAPTER 18 – BHAKTI PANTHA

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9th Standard, Social, History, CHAPTER – 18

BHAKTI PANTHA

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Bhakti means pure trust to God.

2. The famous follower of Ramanand was Kabir.

3. Kabir’s followers are called Kabirpanthis.

4. The collection of Chaitanya’s philosophical thoughts is called Chaitanya Charitamruta.

5. The poetic work ‘Ramadhanya Charitre’ was written by Kanakadasa.

II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.

6. Who popularized worship of Rama and Sita? What are his services to society?

Answer: Ramananda popularized worship of Rama and Sita. He established a Vaishnava religious school based on love and devotion. He condemned caste system and allowed people from every caste to join his sect.

7. Who are Sikhs? Which is their holy book?

Answer: The followers of Guru Nanak are called as ‘Sikhs’. ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ is their holy book.

8. The role of Srimantha Shankardeva is prominent in cultural and religious history of Assam. How? Explain.

Answer: The role of Srimantha Shankardeva is prominent in cultural and religious history of Assam. His name is associated with bringing a newness in the culture and the music in India. The Bhakti movement started by him in Assam spread its influence over the other parts of India. The movement started by him was rightly called Ekasarana Dharma or Vaishnava movement. He says we must develop unstinted love for Krishna, sing songs on Him, and by listening to it we acquire devotion to the Lord. He must have good feelings as the servant of God. Srimantha Shankaradeva started Sarniya system (a system of initiation into his movement). He waged against the inequality in the society. He associated with all people to bring in the movement. He says follow religious worship, have faith in Krishna.

9. Explain the concept of Bhakti by Purandaradasa.

Answer: Purandaradasa has contributed immensely to the tradition of Bhakti poetry with his Vaishnava influenced Bhakti poems. He is called as the founding father of ‘Carnatic Music’.

Purandaradasa apart from expressing the importance of devotion as per Vaishnava sect, expressed his concern over false worship and philosophies of life. He criticized caste and creed based discrimination. He rejected false Bhakthi and insisted on inner reflections. He declared without inner purity, external purity is of no use. He said ‘What is the use of cleaning the external filth without cleansing the internal filth’. He also said without faith, the mere dipping in a river is of no use. He sowed the seeds of faith in human life and its worthiness and became the beacon for a life of satisfaction.

10. What are the effects of the Bhakti movement?

Answer: Reform of the Hindu practices and bringing about harmony between Hindus and Muslims were the two main purposes of the Bhakti movement. The reformers were successful in removing many weaknesses in the Hindu society. The regional languages of India flourished since the reformers wrote in these languages. This enabled development of Indian culture.

Additional Questions:

1 . Mention the works and teachings of Chaithanya.

Answer: The works and teachings of Chaithanya are as follows.

  1. He preached that differences of caste can be removed by discipline, and man becomes pure through devotion.
  2. He popularized worship of Krishna. He composed many devotional songs in praise of Krishna.
  3. He opposed caste system and attempted to bring about a sense of brotherhood among the people.
  4. His philosophical thoughts and teachings are collected in the book called “Chaitanya Charitamruta”.

2. What are the teachings of Kabir to the society?

Answer: The teachings of Kabir to the society are,

  1. He condemned caste system and multiple idol worship, and declared that God is one, and he is the same for both Hindus and Muslims.
  2. He tried to bring about harmony and tolerance between the two communities.
  3. Kabir composed couplets in Hindi language known as ‘Dohas’. Hindus and Muslims recite these Dohas even today in North India.

3. Who is Meerabai? What are her services to the society?

Answer: Meerabai was the prin­cess of Mewad. She renounced a life of luxury and became the most devoted follower of Lord Krishna. She composed songs of devotion to­wards Krishna. These are called ‘Bhajans’ and they are very popular. Even today, these bhajans are sung throughout India.

4. Explain the teachings of Kanakadasa to the society in his keerthanas. Mention his works.

Answer: The teachings of Kanakadasa to the society in his keerthanas are as follows.

  1. Kanakadasa put efforts to remove discrimination based on caste and creed as Bakthi saint.
  2. He criticized mere show off bhakthi.
  3. He preached that people could attain moksha through Bhakthi.
  4. He broke the belief propagated by the priestly class that in order to attain moksha one has to be born in higher caste through his Keertanas.
  5. Kanakadasa was a poet, has created literature along with his meaningful Keertanas. He wrote ‘Mohanatharangini’, ‘Nalacharithre’, ‘Ramadhanya Charithre’ and ‘Haribhakthasaara’.

III. Activities.

1. Read the life histories of the Bhakti Pantha reformers.

2. Collect more information about the reformers from your teachers.

IV. Projects:

1. Prepare a detailed project about one of the reformers of the Bhakti pantha. His life, work and achievements.

2. Divide the students into groups and prepare a project about each reformer of Bhakti Pantha.

3. Discuss with the help of teachers about the values contained in the keertanas of Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa.

4. Practise and sing Kanakadasa and Purandaradasa’s keertanas.

3rd Standard, English FL, Prose Unit 7 – KALI AND THE RAT SNAKE

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UNIT 7

PROSE

KALI AND THE RAT SNAKE

New words :

tribe : a group of people living together sharing the same language, customs, religion etc.

trembling: shaking

grin : broad smile

commotion : noise, confusion

I. Tick the right answer :

1. Kali had joined the school two years ago/two months ago/two weeks ago.

2. Kali had ten/many/no friends at school.

3. The children noticed the snake during History/English/Music class.

4. The snake was on the roof/window/bench.

5. Kali was slightly/not at all afraid of the snake.

II. Answer these questions orally :

  1. Where have you seen a snake?

I had seen the snakes around our garden.

  • How do snakes move?

Snakes moves by crawling.

  • What do snakes eat?

Snakes eat rats, frogs etc

  • Are all snakes poisonous?

No. Some of the snakes are not poisonous.

  • How do they help the farmer?

They are moving inside the soil. So it will help the farmer.

III. A. Fill in the blanks with the correct words, choosing from the words in brackets:

1. Kali’s father was a snake-catcher (doctor, snake-catcher).

2. He was from the Irula tribe. (Irula tribe, Thoda tribe).

3. Kali’s teacher was kind (kind, harsh).

4. The snake came into the class from the roof (through the window, from the roof).

5. All the children in the class admired Kali’s courage (courage, foolishness).

B. Write down the answers to the following questions in your notebook:

1. In the beginning of the story, why was Kali not happy to go to school?

Answer: Kali not happy to go to school because, he felt lonely at school because he did not have a single friend. In fact, when he introduced himself to his classmates on the first day of school, everyone laughed at him.

2. What did Kali’s father tell him about rat snakes?

Kali’s father told him “Rat snakes come mistaking the smell of humans to be that of rats.” about rat snakes.

3. When did the children in the class scream?

Suddenly the snake fell down in the middle of the room. Everyone was very scared. Then all the children in the class scream.

4. When did they cheer Kali?

Kali did not show any fear. He quickly grabbed the snake with his hand behind the snake’s head. At that time all the children cheer Kali.

  • How did the behavior of the children change after Kali caught the snake?

Answer: After Kali caught Snake, all the children started dragging Kali by the hand saying, “Kali, you are brave. You must sit next to me.”

IV. A. Match the words in Column A with their opposites in Column B.

A                                  B

Happy              unhappy

first                   last

kind                 cruel

remember       forget

brave               scared

B. Fill in the blanks with the opposite of the underlined adjective.

1. We must be kind to animals; we must not be _______ cruel _______.

2. Kali did not forget his father’s words; he _____ remember _____ them in time.

3. At ___ first _____ children did not want to be Kali’s friends, but at last they all wanted him to sit next to him.  

4. Kali’s family was a happy one; they did not want to see him _____ unhappy ______.

V. What do you think Kali would tell his parents when he went home after the ‘‘snake incident”? Write in three or four sentences.

Before the snake incident there is no friends in school for Kali. After he caught snake, all children become his friends. So Kali was very happy and he is in cheerful mood.  So Kali tell his parents about the change in children’s nature when he went home after the ‘‘snake incident”.

Let’s describe the characters in the story.

  1. Kali was unhappy at school in the beginning.

Kali felt lonely at school because he did not have a single friend. When he introduced himself to his classmates on the first day of school, everyone laughed at him. So Kali was unhappy at school in the beginning.

  • Kali’s father was a brave snake-catcher.

His father was a famous snake-charmer of the Irula tribe. He is catching the snakes and look for different kinds of snakes.

3rd Standard, English First Language, Chapter 8 – The Three friends

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3rd Standard English First Language

Chapter – 8

The Three friends

Answer the following questions:

a. What kind of a boy was Chintoo?

Answer: Chintoo was very naughty boy. He troubled everyone. He would take his friends’ toys and break them. Sometimes he would pinch his friends till they cried.

b. What did he do to Robert in the school?

Answer: The very first day Chintoo stole Robert’s pencil box and pinched him very hard.

c. What happened to Chintoo in the forest?

Answer: Chintoo slipped and fell into a deep pit in the forest. He could not get out.

d. Who helped Chintoo?

Answer: Robert and others helped Chintoo.

e. Do you think Chintoo should have been helped? Why?

Answer: Yes. Chintoo should have been helped.

I. Answer these questions orally:

1. What did the peacock like in the parrot?

Answer: The peacock liked the parrot’s green feathers and red beak.  

2. Why didn’t the peacock and the parrot like the crow?

Answer: Crow was black. So both the parrot and the peacock did not like her.

3. Who came near the parrot’s nest?

Answer: A snake came near the parrot’s nest.

4. How did the crow save the parrot’s eggs?

Answer: The crow saw the snake and attacked it. The snake was frightened and it went away. This is how crow saved the parrot’s eggs.

5. Who attacked the peacock?

Answer: A wicked fox attacked the peacock

II. Answer these questions orally:

  1. Why do you think the crow saved the parrot’s eggs?

Crow believes in helping others is good. She thinks one day others will help her.

  • How do you think a friend should be?

Answer: Friends should be helping each other in any difficulties in a life.

Let us write:

III. A. Write the answers to the following in your notebook.

  1. The parrot liked the peacock-

Answer: c) for his beautiful feathers

  • Why did the parrot thank the crow?

Crow attacked snake and saved parrot’s eggs. So parrot thanked the crow.

3. The peacock could not move because he was seriously ill.

4. How did the crow save the peacock?

Answer: Crow called the other crows for help. Together all of them pecked at the fox and frightened it away. That is how crow saved peacock.

5. What did the parrot and the peacock realize?

Answer: The parrot and the peacock realized that even though they had ignored the crow.

B. Write 4-5 sentences in your notebook about how we should choose our friends.

We are very careful when we are choosing the right friend. It will affect our character also. Some friends are having bad habits and nature. Some friends are always disturbing and irritating others. So we have to choose right friends. Because true friend is a great asset to us.

Let us practice language:

IV. A. Look at the following words and fill in the blanks:

Climb climbed

Frighten ….frightened…………..

Thank ….thanked…………..

attack ….attacked…………..

return …..returned………….

call …..called………….

B. The words in the following are jumbled up. Rearrange them to make meaningful sentences And write them down in your notebooks.

a) beautiful/ peacock/ the/ had/ feathers

The Peacock had beautiful feathers.

b) nest/parrot/eggs/laid/her/in/the/the

The Parrot laid her eggs in the nest.

c) a/attacked/wicked/the/peacock/fox

A wicked fox attacked the peacock.

d) saved/ parrot’s/the/ eggs/crow/the

The Crow saved the parrot’s eggs.

Let us learn new words:

V. A. Write suitable words describing each picture

A _____red________ rose.

A ___beautiful__________ feather.

A _____black________ board.

A _____big________ tree.

A ____long_________ rope

Fill in the blanks choosing their opposites given in the box below

big __small_______

kind ____cruel_____

happy ___sad______

wise ___unwise______

long __short_______

full ___empty______

sad, unwise, short, small, cruel, empty

Some letters are missing in each word. Write OO/UE in each word. One is done for you.

POOL CLUE Write some other words for

stool      qlue   

cool       blue

fool        glue

4th Standard, English, Prose Unit 8 – KNOW YOUR NATION, Poem – A NATION’S STRENGTH

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UNIT – VIII

KNOW YOUR NATION

  1. Answer the following questions:

1. When do we celebrate Independence Day?

     Answer: We celebrate Independence Day on 15th August of every year.

2. Who were ruling India before 15th August, 1947?

            Answer: British government were ruling India before 15th August, 1947

3. Where is the National Emblem taken from?

    Answer: The National Emblem was taken from the Sarnath pillar of Ashoka

II. Who am I ?

I grow in muddy water and float. I’m pinkish red. I’m the national flower.

Answer: Lotus

A potter needs me to give shape. Vehicles cannot run without me. I’m the symbol of progress. You can see me at the centre of the Indian flag.

Answer: Wheel

I’m known for loyalty. I hunt thieves. I guard your house. I’m your friend.

Answer: Dog

  1. a) Photographs of some of our national leaders are given below; recognize and write their names in the space provided.
  1. Gandhiji : Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
  • Shatri : Lal Bahadur Shastri.
  • Nehru: Pandit Jawaharalal Nehru
  • Patel : Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel
  • Lal : Lala Lajapat Roy
  • Bal : Bala Gangadhara Thilak
  • Gokhale : Gopala Krishna Gokhale
  • Maulana Azad – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

A NATION’S STRENGTH

Let us understand:

I. Fill in the blanks with the suitable rhyming words picking them from the poem.

make: sake

strong: long

deep: sleep

sky: fly

II. Answer the following questions:

  1. What makes a nation great and strong according to the poet?

Answer: Only men or soldiers makes a nation great and strong according to the poet.

  • What do the brave men do while others sleep?

Answer: The brave men work while others sleep.

4th Standard, EVS, LESSON 25 – OUR STATE – OUR PRIDE

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4th Standard, EVS LESSON – 25

     OUR STATE – OUR PRIDE

With the help of the map, write the names of the states of India.

  1. Andhra Pradesh
  2. Arunachal Pradesh
  3. Assam
  4. Bihar
  5. Chhattisgarh
  6. Goa
  7. Gujarat
  8. Haryana
  9. Himachal Pradesh
  10. Jharkhand
  11. Karnataka
  12. Kerala
  13. Madhya Pradesh
  14. Maharashtra
  15. Manipur
  16. Meghalaya
  17. Mizoram
  18. Nagaland
  19. Odisha
  20. Punjab
  21. Rajasthan
  22. Sikkim
  23. Tamil Nadu
  24. Telangana
  25. Tripura
  26. Uttar Pradesh
  27. Uttarakhand
  28. West Bengal

Total number of states in India is 28.

 The direction in which Karnataka is situated in the map of India is South.

Write the names of districts that come under natural regions.

1. The districts of western coastal region: Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada

2. The districts of malnad region: Chikkamagalur, Chamarajanagar, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimogga

3. The districts of northern plain region: Bagalakote, Bijapur, Gadaga, Dharawad, Haveri, Belagavi, Bellary, Bidar, Kalburgi, Koppal, Raichur, Vijayanagara, Yadagiri

4. The districts of southern plain region: Bangalore Urban,Bangalore Rural, Chikkaballapur,    Kolar, Mysuru, Mandya, Tumakuru, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Chamarajanagar, Ramanagara

Answer the following.

What is the other name of western coastal region?

Answer: The other names of western coastal region are Karavali, Kanara, Konkan

Which is the main occupation of the people of western coastal region?

Answer: Fishing, Agriculture and tourism are the main occupation of the people of western coastal region.

Match the following.

A                                          B

Jungle fowl                          bird

Shark                                   aquatic animal

arecanut                              crop

iron                                     mineral

Karwar                                main city

You have learnt about malnad region, haven’t you? Match the following.

A                                                   B

Sahyadri                           mountain range

Manganese                      mineral

Sandal wood                    state tree

Sleder loris                       rare animal

Make a list of the important things in relation to malnad region.

Trees – Jackfruit, Sandalwood, Hebbalasu, Honne, silk cotton tree, teak, nandi, rosewood etc.

Crops – Paddy, Coconut, Coffee, Arecanut, Cardamom, black pepper, Tea and spices

Cities – Madikeri, Chikkamagalur, Hassan, Shivamogga

Answer the following.

What types of forests are found in northern plains?

Answer:  The northern plains of Karnataka have moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous forests, and thorny scrubs. Evergreen forests, Semi-evergreen forests, Coastal mangroves and Shola forests also found in these places.

Which is the main occupation of the people of northern plains?

Answer: Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of northern plains. Wheat, jowar, sugarcane, bajra, millet, tobacco, groundnut and oil seeds are the major crops of northern plains.

Make a list of the relevant factors of northern plains.

Important minerals – copper, limestone, iron, gold
Important animals – Monitor lizard, garden lizard, snake, wolf, fox, hyena and mangoose.
Important crops – Wheat, jowar, sugarcane, bajra, millet, tobacco, groundnut and oil seeds Identify the wrong statements related to southern plains. Correct the wrong statements and write them. • Southern plains are flat. – False.  Southern plains are not flat. • The important animal of this region is wolf. – True • The important occupation is fishery. – False, The important occupation is   Agriculture and dairy farming. • The important mineral is mica. – True Rivers in Karnataka – Krishna, Ghataprabha, Sharavathi, Kali, Malaprabha, Bhima, Aghanashini, Thungabhadra, Cauvery, Netravathi, Hemavathi, Kabini.   West Flowing rivers – Sharavathi, Kali, Netravathi, Aghanashini East Flowing rivers – Krishna, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Bhima, Thungabhadra, Cauvery, Hemavathi, Kabini. Know these with the help of your teacher/elders. The perennial river of Karnataka is Cauvery. The longest river of Karnataka is Krishna.  

Write four sentences about any important city of your district.

Answer: Our district is Dakshina Kannada is located in western coastal region of Karnataka state. Mangaluru is the main city of this district. Mangaluru is well known for port, beaches, Airport and many tourism places. Many famous temples are around this city. Temples like Dharmasthala, Kukke Subrahmanya, Kudroli, Polali, Kateelu are always visited by thousands of devotees every day.

Historical places and the districts where they are situated are given below. Match them.

A                                              B

1. Halebeedu                                           Hassan

2. Badami                                                 Bagalkote

3. Golgumbuz                                           Vijayapura

4. Stone fort                                             Chitradurga

5. Sulthan Batheri                                    Dakshina Kannada

Write four lines about any historical place of your place or district.

Answer: Dakshina Kannada, a district in Karnataka, has many historical places to visit, including temples, monasteries, and other sites. Kukke Subramanya Temple is one of the popular temple in our district. Considered to be the abode of “nagas”, this temple is dedicated to Lord Subramanya. There are thousands of devotees visiting every day to this temple.

Historical places and natural resorts are the symbols of national pride in our state. It is our responsibility to protect them. Some statements are given below. Identify the right and wrong statements.

Engraving or writing names on historical monuments.  –  Wrong

Keeping silence in bird sanctuaries. – Right

Troubling the tourists of historical places and natural resorts. – Wrong

Hunting animals in natural resorts. – Wrong

Using places near historical places for nature’s call. – Wrong

Write four lines about a place of attraction that you like. Answer: The place which I like most is the Jog falls. Jog falls, the highest waterfall in India is in Shivamogga district of Karnataka. Jog Falls is a waterfall on the Sharavati river located in the Western Ghats running between Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts of Karnataka, India. It is the third highest plunge waterfall in India. It is a segmented waterfall which depends on rain and season to become a plunge waterfall. There are thousands of people are visiting this falls every day.   Do you know this? In 2014, Andhra pradhesh state was divided into two states namely, Andhra pradhesh and Telangana. In 2019, Jammu and Kashmir state was divided into two Union Territories namely, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.The river Cauvery takes its birth at Talakaveri of Brahmagiri hill in Kodagu district.Bengaluru is famous for information technology. So it is also called Silicon city.In Asia, the first hydro electricity generating station was established in 1902 at Shivanasamudra of Mandya district.Jog falls, the highest waterfall in India is in Shivamogga district of Karnataka.Saint Mary’s or Thonsepar island of western coastal regions of India has the hexagonal shaped rock structures.Hampi and Pattadakal, the historical places of Karnataka are in the list of world heritage sites.     

6th Standard, English Second Language, Prose Unit 7 – NEERJA BHANOT: BRAVE IN LIFE, BRAVE IN DEATH

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UNIT – 7

PROSE

NEERJA BHANOT: BRAVE IN LIFE, BRAVE IN DEATH

  1. Who is the air hostess mentioned in the report?

 Neerja Bhanot was the air hostess mentioned in the report.

  • Who honoured her?

Indian government honoured her with the highest civilian award for bravery, the Ashoka Chakra.

  • Why was she honoured?

She died while saving passengers from terrorists in Aeroplane.

  • Who hijacked the plane?

The Terrorists hijacked the plane.

Now, read the lesson and find answers for the following questions:

  1. Who were Neerja’s parents?

Rama Bhanot and Harish Bhanot are parentd of Neerja.

  • When did she join Pan Am Airlines?

Neerja Bhanot joined Pan Am Airlines in 1986

  • Who escaped from the aircraft? Why?

Co-pilot and the flight engineer were escaped from the aircraft. Because flight was hijacked by four heavily armed terrorists. Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers to escape.

  • How did Neerja die?

Neerja died while shielding three children from a hail of bullets.

C1. Discuss the following questions in small groups and answer them in a sentence each:

  1. Where did Neerja study?

Neerja was studied in Sacred Heart Senior Secondary School, Chandigarh, Bombay Scottish School and St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai

  • Why was the flight described as ‘ill-fated’?

The flight described as ‘ill-fated’ because it was hi-jacked by the terrorists.

  • Name the highest civilian award for bravery given by the Indian government.

‘Ashoka Chakra’ is the highest civilian award for bravery given by the Indian government.

4. Name the flight that was hijacked. When and where did this happen?

Name of the flight that hijacked was ‘Pan Am Flight 73’. It happened on September 5,     1986 at 5 A.M in Karachi Airport of Pakistan.

  • Who did the terrorists shoot first?

The hijackers immediately shooted a passenger first,  who identified himself to the terrorists as an American.

  • What did the pilot, co-pilot and the flight engineer do when they heard about the hijack? Do you think they were right in doing so?

The three-member cockpit crew of pilot, co-pilot and the flight engineer were able to flee from the aircraft and ran away from the aircraft. I think they were right to do so. Because if they stay there, the terrorists would have forced to take the aircraft to unknown area and would have killed all the passengers.

  • Did Neerja hide the passports of the Americans? Why/ Why not?

Yes. Neerja, hide the passports of the 40 Americans on board. Because terrorists wants to identify and kill the Americans.

  • Why is Neerja called ‘the heroine of the hijack’?

Neerja alerted the cockpit crew about the hijack. As the plane was on the tarmac, the three-member cockpit crew of pilot, co-pilot and the flight engineer were able to flee from the aircraft. Neerja, being the most senior cabin crew member on board, took charge. Neerja, hide the passports of the 40 Americans on board. Because terrorists wants to identify and kill the Americans. When the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives. Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers to escape. She did not herself escape. She died while shielding three children from a hail of bullets. That is why is Neerja called ‘the heroine of the hijack’.

  • What is your ambition in life? Do you want to become an air hostess or a pilot or a flight engineer?

I want to become Pilot or Air Hostess.

C2. Arrange the following sentences in an order to make a meaningful paragraph.

1. After 17 hours, the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives.

2. Acting quickly, Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers escape.

3. Neerja was the Senior Flight Purser on a Pan Am flight which was hijacked at Karachi airport.

4. She hid the passports of the Americans as the hijackers wanted to execute Americans.

5. Neerja laid down her life, while saving hundreds of others.

6. Neerja comforted the passengers, especially the elderly and small children.

Answer:

  1. Neerja was the Senior Flight Purser on a Pan Am flight which was hijacked at Karachi airport.
  2. She hid the passports of the Americans as the hijackers wanted to execute Americans.
  3. Neerja comforted the passengers, especially the elderly and small children.
  4. After 17 hours, the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives.
  5. Acting quickly, Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers escape.
  6. Neerja laid down her life, while saving hundreds of others.

C3. Which of the following statements are true about Neerja? Tick them :

1. Neerja was the senior most cabin crew on the aircraft. – True

2. Neerja escaped from the flight when the terrorists opened fire. – False

3. She showed the passports of all the passengers to the hijackers. – False

4. She received the Ashoka Chakra award for her act of bravery from the Civil Aviation Minister. – True

C4. Write a short paragraph, in your own words, about Neerja.

            Neerja Bhanot was born on 7 September 1963 in Chandigarh, India. After her education she joined Pan Am Airlines in 1986 as Air hostess. When She was the senior flight purser on the ill-fated Pan Am Flight 73. This flight was hijacked by four heavily armed terrorists in Karachi. Neerja alerted the cockpit crew about the hijack. Neerja, and the other attendants under her charge, hid the passports of the 40 Americans on board, because terrorists wants to kill Americans. When the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives, Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers to escape. She did not herself escape. She died while shielding three children from a hail of bullets. Neerja was recognised internationally as “the heroine of the hijack”. She is the youngest recipient of the Ashoka Chakra, India’s highest civilian award for bravery.

C5. Which of the following words are related to airport / flight? Underline them:

crew    driver    runway           kidnap             check-in           pilot air hostess cabin cockpit overtake             hijack               traffic police                depot               emergency door

G3. Some words are missing in the following sentences. Add those words and complete the sentences. (One word is missing in each sentence)

e.g. Neerja Bhanot a brave woman.

Neerja Bhanot was a brave woman.

1. Neerja Bhanot was born in Chandigarh.

2. Rama Bhanot and Harish Bhanot were her parents.

3. She was the senior most cabin crew member.

4. Neerja hid the passports of the American passengers.

5. She did not escape.

  6. She is youngest recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.

6th Standard, English, SUPPLEMENTARY READING, Chapter 1 – THE NEW FLOWER

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6th Standard, English, SUPPLEMENTARY READING Chapter 1

THE NEW FLOWER

1. This is an interesting story. Did you enjoy reading it? Now you have to tell your partner about some interesting points you must have noted.

a. At the beginning, the story tells us that two people – a man and a girl – have become friends. (True / not true)

            Answer: True

b. The man’s name is Ruskin Bond. The girl’s name is Usha.

            Answer: Ruskin Bond and Usha.

c. The man is a writer. The girl is a school girl.

d. The girl is a good student.

e. The man and the girl share a common interest. They both keep looking for new species.

f. They are both attracted by

i. a new flower.

ii. the goats that they meet.

iii. the rain clouds in the Himalayas.

iv. the cold winds that hum and whistle through the pines.

Answer: a new flower.

g. On Yugadi day the man finds a new flower. (True / not true)

Answer: True

h. We call this day Yugadi. What do people in Himachal Pradesh call it?

            Answer: Basant Panchami

i. The girl predicts a heavy rain on that day. (True / not true)

            Answer: True

j. The man teaches the girl how a plant seeds. (True / not true)

Answer: Not True

k. Who saved the plant from the goats? How?

            Answer: The girl named Usha saved the plant from the goats. She unfurled her pretty blue umbrella and advanced on the goat shouting at it in goat language.

l. The girl knows the goat language because she had her own goats at home.

m. A year passes. The plant withers. (True / not true)

            Answer: Not True

n. The two friends could not say that the new flower was their discovery because they did not know its botanical name.

       Answer: They did not know its botanical name.

o. The author had wondered what its name could be. But the villagers had given it the name Basant

            Answer: Basant

p. What Latin name is given for another flower in the story? (Botany gives Latin names for trees, plants, flowers and fruits.)

Answer: The Latin name is given for another flower in the story is ‘Nasturtiums’

6th Standard, English Second Language, PROSE UNIT 6 – WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY

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UNIT – 6 English Second Language – PROSE

WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY

Glossary

event : an important happening

exciting : causing strong feelings

participate : take part in

victim : one who suffers pain or disability as a result of an accident or

disease

massage : pressing or rubbing to remove pain

gazelle : deer-like animal

recommend : suggest, advise

sprinter : fast runner

spikes : pointed pieces of metal on running shoes

decathlon : a competition where athletes take part in ten separate events-100 mt dash, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400 mt run, 110 mt hurdle, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw,1500 mt run

C1. Complete the following statements by choosing the right answer from the four alternatives given:

1. Wilma Rudolf is famous as black gazelle

2. Wilma is a sprinter

3. Wilma’s legs were weak because her legs were affected by polio

4. Rafer found it difficult to run wearing spiked shoes

5. Decathlon is a competition where athletes take part in ten separate events

C2. Read the lesson and find the answers for the following questions or say the answers orally:

  1. Where was the 1992 Olympics held?

Answer: The 1992 Olympics held in Barcelona.

  • Who are the two athletes that this lesson talks about?

Answer: Wilma Rudolf and Rafer Johnson are the two athletes that this lesson talks about.

  • To which country did Wilma belong?

Answer: Wilma belongs to U.S.A country.

  • What was the doctor’s recommendation to improve Wilma’s legs?

Answer: The doctors recommended regular massage to get her limp leg back to normal and improve.

  • What happened to Rafer’s left leg?

Answer: Rafer’s left leg was badly crushed in a machine. The front of one of the toes was hanging out as though it would fall off.

  • List out the events in decathlon.

Answer: 100 metres dash, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400 metres run, 110 metres hurdle, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw,1500 metres run

C3. Discuss in groups and answer the following questions:

  1. Many countries send their teams to the Olympics. Why?

Answer: Many countries send their teams to the Olympics. Because the Olympics is one of the world’s biggest events. It is an honour for any country to send her athletes to take part in these games. It is not success or failure that counts; what matters is participation in the games.

  • Why are the players not happy when they just win?

Answer: The players put in their best efforts to win. They want to set a new record and become the world’s best ever.

  • How did Wilma’s family help her?

Answer: At the age of four, Wilma had an attack of polio and was in bed for two long years. The doctors recommended regular massage to get her limp leg back to normal. Each member in her family spent some time massaging her leg and in course of time she was able to walk.

  • How did Rafer suffer as a boy?

Answer: Rafer suffered when he was only twelve, his left leg was badly crushed in a machine. The front of one of the toes was hanging out as though it would fall off.

  • What do you learn from the lives of these two great athletes?

Answer: Both these champions had a dream: they set themselves a goal to achieve the dream; they worked with a will to reach this goal. Their dreams came true and they became world famous athletes.

C4. Arrange the details given below in a sequential order and rewrite them as a paragraph.

1. She was in bed for two years.  

2. She became well in course of time.

4. She played for her school in one of the matches.

5. She had regular massage of her limp leg.

6. She had an attack of polio in her fourth year.

Answer:

1. Wilma was weak as a baby.

2. She had an attack of polio in her fourth year.

3. She was in bed for two years. 

4. She had regular massage of her limp leg.

5. She became well in course of time.

6. She played for her school in one of the matches.

Let’s Practise Words :

V1. Who are the following?

1. One who participates in a running race.

r _ _ n _ r

Answer: runner

2. One who takes part in field and track events.

a _ hl _ t _

Answer: athlete

3. One who runs fast for short distances.

s_ _ i _ t__ r

Answer: sprinter

4. One who is injured as a result of a disease.

v__ct_ _

Answer: victim

V2. Complete the following paragraph choosing the correct word from those given in brackets:

All the students of class VI went to the stadium. Some (Some, Sum) of them participated in individual events, a few of them in group events and the remaining went to cheer up their (there, their) friends. Rohit was a good runner. When the race (race, rays) began, all his friends knew (new, knew) that he would (would, wood) win. In the finals, Rohit won (one, won) the first prize (prize, price) and became the overall champion.

V3. Read the words given below and circle the words that do not belong to the group:

1. running, relay, high jump, long jump, kabaddi.

2. coach, carpenter, batsman, bowler, umpire, wicket keeper.

3. chess, carrom, football, table tennis, snake and ladder.

4. Tendulkar, Sehwag, Dhoni, Mahesh Bhupathi, Yuvraj Singh.

V4. Match the awards with the achievements for which they are given :

Khel Ratna                                 – highest award given by the central government for outstanding achievement in any game.

Arjuna award                          – outstanding performance in any game; given by the central government

Drona award               – outstanding coach

Ekalavya award                       – outstanding performance in any game; given by the state government.

Dhyanchand award     – outstanding performance in hockey.

Write any four famous players you know who play the following games:

1. Cricket : Kapildev, Sunil Gavaskar, Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli

2. Hockey : Dhyan Chand, Dhanaraj Pilley, Mukhesh Kumar, Balbir Sing senior

3. Football : Pele, Digo Maradona, Christiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Devid Beckham

4. Tennis : Bjorn Borg, Ivan Lendle, Pete Sampras, Rojer federer, Andre Agassi

5. Chess : Bobbey Fischer, Vishwanathan Anand, Garry Kasparov, Anatoly Karpov, Gukesh Dommaraju

6th Standard, Social, Geography, Chapter 24 – CONTINENT OF AFRICA

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6th Standard Social Geography Chapter 24

CONTINENT OF AFRICA

Exercises

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word:

1 Africa is called Dark Continent.

            Answer: Dark

2 The longest river of Africa is Nile .

            Answer: Nile

3 The highest peak of Africa is Mt. Toubkal.

            Answer: Mt. Toubkal

4 The largest bird of Africa is Ostrich.

Answer: Ostrich

5 The Savanna type of climate is also called Sudan model climate.

            Answer: Sudan model climate

II. Answer the following questions:

  1.  Africa is known as the Central Continent. Why?

Answer: Africa is known as the Central Continent because the special fact is that both the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn pass through this continent. The equator almost passes through the centre of the continent. That is why it is called as the ‘Central Continent’.

  •  What is Isthmus? What is the African Isthmus?

Answer: A narrow strip of land that joins two vast land masses and separates different bodies of water is ‘Isthumus’. The Isthumus of Suez is a narrow strip of land between the Mediterranean Sea and Red seas. It joins the continent of Africa and Asia. It belongs to one of the nations of African continent and lies to the North east of Africa. It was dug to build the Suez canal.

  •  Name the basins of Africa.

Answer: There are five important basins in Africa. They are as follows:

1 The Sudan basin is filled by the White Nile and Blue Nile rivers. This is world’s most extensive marshland known as ‘Sudd’.

2 The Chad basin is occupied by Lake Chad. This basin is a swampy area and the Sahara desert encroaches upon it.

3 The Djouf basin consists of Western Sahara Desert and is found along Mauritania-Mali boundary. It is filled by River Niger.

4 The Congo (Zaire) basin is a great structural basin and occupied by a plateau. River Congo and its tributaries flows across it. It is a forest area.

5 The Kalahari basin is mostly a desert and Steppe grassland and area. It is surrounded by plateau rims.

  •  Mention the types of natural vegetation of Africa.

            Answer: Mountain vegetation, plateau and desert vegetation, and a special type of vegetation called ‘Sudd’ (means barrier) is found in the river valleys of the Nile.

  •  What are the major food crops of Africa?

            Answer; Maize is the only cereal which is important here. Rice and sugarcane are grown in small areas. Cash crops like coffee, palm tree, groundnut are grown in Central, Eastern and other parts of Africa. Coffee has been cultivated in Ethiopia for thousands of years. Africa has large varieties of fruit crops. In the tropical and Mediterranean regions citrus fruits like olives, lemon, orange, grapes are common. In East Africa cashew trees are grown. Zanzibar islands and Tanzania are famous for growing cloves.

  •  Which African countries are rich in diamond reserves?

Answer: Nearly 80% of the world’s total diamond reserves are found in Africa alone. Botswana, Zaire and South Africa are the highest producing countires of Diamonds. Angola, Namibia and Ghana are the other producers.

Activities:

  1. Identify the important rivers and mountains of Africa.

Answer:

Rivers of Africa: The continent of Africa has four major rivers. They are the Nile, the Congo (Zaire), the Niger, and the Zambezi. The Senegal, the Orange and the Limpopo are the other important rivers of Africa.

Mountains of Africa: The continent of Africa has many mountains. However some small hill ranges break the monotony of the flat plains of Africa. Among them the major mountains are Atlas Range, Drakensberg and Kilimanjaro range. Besides these the Ahaggar, the Tibesti, the Ruwenzori, the Cape range and the east African mountains are other mountain ranges in Africa.

Some more Questions:

  1. Mention the different climatic regions of Africa.

Answer: On the basis of climatic condition, Africa can be divided into eight climatic zones as follows

1 The Wet Equatorial Climatic Region.

2 The Savanna Type of Climatic Region

3 The Tropical Desert Climatic Region.

4 The Mediterranean Climatic Region.

5 The Temperate Grassland Type

6 The Highland Climatic Region.

7 Humid Sub-tropical Climatic Region.

8 Dry winter Subtropical Region.

  • Explain the physical setting of Africa.

Answer: Most of the land mass of Africa is surrounded by seas or oceans. Africa is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. In the northeast, Africa is joined to Asia by Sinai Peninsula, though it is now separated by the Suez Canal. Africa is separated from Europe by the Strait of Gibraltar and the Arabian Peninsula by the Red sea. The coast line of Africa is 30,500 Km. long.

  • Mention the important rivers of Africa.

Answer: The continent of Africa has four major rivers. They are the Nile, the Congo (Zaire), the Niger, and the Zambezi. The Senegal, the Orange and the Limpopo are the other important rivers of Africa.

  • Name the important mountains of Africa.

Answer; The continent of Africa has many mountains. However some small hill ranges break the monotony of the flat plains of Africa. Among them the major mountains are Atlas Range, Drakensberg and Kilimanjaro range. Besides these the Ahaggar, the Tibesti, the Ruwenzori, the Cape range and the east African mountains are other mountain ranges in Africa.

  • Which are the animals found in Africa?

Answer: Africa is best known for the enormous diversity and richness of its wild life. The rain forest is the home of many animals. Chimpanzee, a variety of monkeys, Gorillas, Bison, Leopard and other hoofed animals are found here. Crocodiles and Hippopotamus are found in rivers and swamps. The zebras, wild cats, giraffes, rhinoceros, elephants, impala, cheetahs, and African lions, donkeys, horses, adders and camels are also found here.

  • Name the birds are found in African continent.

Answer: Bright colourful birds like kingfishers, ostrich, shoebill, eagles, etc. are commonly found here in African continent.

  • Which countries of Africa are suffering from draughts and starvation?

Answer: The countries of (Sahel) Funder Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Northern Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia frequently suffer from droughts and people suffer due to starvation.

  • What are the Reasons for the backwardness of agriculture in Africa?

Answer:  Old methods of farming, which is purely subsistence in nature, outdated implements, illiteracy, tribalism, lack of capital and foreign investment are the main reasons for the backwardness of agriculture in Africa.

  • Which African countries are rich in Gold mining?

Answer: South Africa alone has about half of the world’s gold reserve. The main distribution states are Witwatersrand (Transvaal) and in Orange Free State. More than 50% of the continents total gold production comes from South Africa, Zimbabwe and the Democratic republic of Congo (Zaire).

  1. Mention the four groups of people in Africa.

Answer: The People of Africa belong to four groups. They are,

(1) Pygmies, Bushmen and Masai who live to the South of Sahara desert.

(2) The Arabs who live in North Africa.

(3) The Indians who live in South Africa and East Africa.

(4) The Europeans live in South Africa and other fertile land of other river basins.

7th Standard, English, Poem 7 – Work is Worship

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7th English Poem – 7

Work is Worship

Glossary :

admonish : advise severely.

holy mantle : covering worn for religious worship.

deliverance : it is the state in which you feel you are saved from bad conditions.

tattered : torn .

toil : hard work.

B. Reading, Speaking and Writing

Take turns with your partner to ask or answer these questions. Explain to him/her why you think your answer is correct. Quote from the text if necessary. Write down your answers.

Underline the word/words that complete these sentences.

  1. In this poem, the poet is addressing you/the reader/ the worker/the worshipper.

Answer: In this poem, the poet is addressing you/the reader/ the worker/the worshipper.

  • The poet sounds angry/irritated/impatient.

Answer: The poet sounds angry/irritated/impatient.

  • The poet is ordering /admonishing/ advising the worshipper.

Answer: The poet is ordering /admonishing/ advising the worshipper.

  • The poet is asking the worshipper five questions/ four questions/three questions. (scan the poem to find out)

Answer: The poet is asking the worshipper five questions/ four questions/three questions. 

  • The poet does not know the answers/ thinks the worshipper knows the answers/ wants to make the worshipper think deeply.

Answer: The poet does not know the answers/ thinks the worshipper knows the answers/ wants to make the worshipper think deeply.

  • The poet gives two examples/ three examples/ four examples of what pleases God.

Answer: The poet gives two examples/ three examples/ four examples of what pleases God.

  • The poet does not tell the worshipper where to find God. (True/Not True)

Answer; Not True

  • The worshipper does not tell the poet what he really wants. (True/Not True)

Answer: Not True

9. The worshipper tells the poet that he does not want _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(Complete the sentence)

            Answer: The worshipper tells the poet that he does not want to take rebirth. He worships God because for deliverance.

10. The Creator is happy when he has no work to do. (True/Not True)

            Answer: Not True

11. Give your own examples of hard work that can please God.

            Answer:  Working hard in any profession, such as a sweeper, cook, officer, doctor, professor, lawyer. Helping elders, disabled people, and underprivileged children is appreciable and can please the god. In Mahabharatha, Arjuna did the same to won the heart of Krishna. In Ramayana Hanuman ji also done the hard work and worshiped Rama.

12. Give one or two examples of people who pleased God by their hard work.

            Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose and Chathrapathi Shivaji are the two examples of people who pleased God by their hard work.

13. Do the last two lines talk about death? Discuss this point with your partner.

            Answer: No. The last two lines do not talk about death. The last two lines says that all the worshipers have to see the god in their hard work.

C. Writing: Write a short summary of the poem.

A short summary of the poem:

‘Work is Worship’ poem was written by Rabindranath Tagore (1861 – 1941) is best known as a poet, and in 1913 was the first non-European writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Rabindranath Tagore was an Indian Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter.

‘Work is Worship’ refers to the importance and value of Work in our life. Worship alone can achieve nothing. Hard working is also important in our life. Work is Worship states the importance and values of Work in our life. Just the way we honour our Gods with full dedication and devotion, we must honour our work the same way. Work and worship are two different terms but are connected because it teaches us to worship our work as we worship God.

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