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ಉಜಿರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಎಸ್ಆರ್ ಟಿಸಿ ಬಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಬೈಕ್ ಢಿಕ್ಕಿ – ಯುವಕ ಸಾವು: UJIRE

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ಬಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಬೈಕ್ ನಡುವೆ ಢಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸಿ ಯುವಕನೊಬ್ಬ ದಾರುಣವಾಗಿ ಮೃತಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಉಜಿರೆಯ ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ ಸಮೀಪ ನೀರಚಿಲುಮೆ ಎಂಬಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಹೃದಯ ವಿದ್ರಾವಕ ಘಟನೆ ನಡೆದಿದೆ. ಬೈಕ್ ಸಹಸವಾರರಾಗಿದ್ದ ಇನ್ನೊಬ್ಬರು ಗಂಭೀರವಾಗಿ ಗಾಯಗೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಕೆಎಸ್ಆರ್ ಟಿಸಿ ಬಸ್ ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳದಿಂದ ಉಜಿರೆ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಬರುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. ಉಜಿರೆಯಿಂದ ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳದ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಬೈಕ್ ರಭಸವಾಗಿ ಬಸ್ ಗೆ ಢಿಕ್ಕಿ ಹೊಡೆಯಿತು.

ಢಿಕ್ಕಿಯ ರಭಸಕ್ಕೆ ಬೈಕ್ ಅಪ್ಪಚ್ಚಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಬಸ್ ನ ಮುಂಭಾಗಕ್ಕೆ ಕೂಡ ಭಾಗಶಃ ಹಾನಿಯಾಗಿದೆ.

ಅಪಘಾತದಲ್ಲಿ ಬೈಕ್ ಸವಾರ ಸನತ್(30) ಎಂಬ ಯುವಕ ಮೃತಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ತೀವ್ರವಾಗಿ ಗಾಯಗೊಂಡಿದ್ದ ಅವರನ್ನು ತಕ್ಷಣವೇ ಉಜಿರೆಯ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಗೆ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. ಆದರೆ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ ಫಲಕಾರಿಯಾಗದೆ ಅವರು ಮೃತಪಟ್ಟರು. ಸಹಸವಾರನಿಗೂ ಗಾಯಗಳಾಗಿದ್ದು ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ ನೀಡಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿದುಬಂದಿದೆ.

ಒಂದೇ ದೋಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕುಳಿತು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಕಾಲುವೆಯನ್ನು ದಾಟಿದ 230 ಜನರು!

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ಒಂದೇ ಸಣ್ಣ ದೋಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿ 230 ಮಂದಿ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಚಾನೆಲ್ ದಾಟಿದ ದಾಖಲೆ ಒಂದೇ ದೋಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿ 230 ಮಂದಿ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಚಾನೆಲ್ ಅನ್ನು ದಾಟಿದ್ದಾರೆ; ಒಂದೇ ನೌಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇಷ್ಟು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ಜನರು ಈ ಪ್ರಯಾಣ ಕೈಗೊಂಡಿರುವುದು ಇದೇ ಮೊದಲು. ಜುಲೈನಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದೇ ದೋಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿ 165 ಮಂದಿ ಈ ಪ್ರಯಾಣ ಕೈಗೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾಗ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣವಾಗಿದ್ದ ಹಿಂದಿನ ದಾಖಲೆಯನ್ನು ಇದು ಮುರಿದಿದೆ. ಈ ದೋಣಿಯು ಸೋಮವಾರ ನಸುಕಿನ ಜಾವದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್ ಗೆ (UK) ತಲುಪಿತು.

ಉತ್ತರ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ಕರಾವಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸೆರೆಹಿಡಿಯಲಾದ ಚಿತ್ರವೊಂದು, ಗಾಳಿ ತುಂಬಿದ ಆ ದೋಣಿಯು ಎಷ್ಟು ಕಿಕ್ಕಿರಿದು ತುಂಬಿತ್ತೆಂದರೆ, ಅದು ಹಡಗುಗಳ ಸಂಚಾರ ದಟ್ಟಣೆಯಿರುವ ಮಾರ್ಗವನ್ನು ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸಿದಾಗ ಅನೇಕ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕರು ತಮ್ಮ ಕಾಲುಗಳನ್ನು ನೀರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ನೇತಾಡಬಿಡಬೇಕಾದ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ ಇತ್ತು ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ತೋರಿಸಿದೆ.

“ಸಮುದ್ರಯಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಲ್ಲದ ದೋಣಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ಜನರನ್ನು ತುರುಕುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಜನರ ಜೀವವನ್ನು ಅಪಾಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸಿಲುಕಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ ಅಪರಾಧ ಜಾಲಗಳು ಅನುಸರಿಸುವ ಬೇಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ಮತ್ತು ಅಪಾಯಕಾರಿ ತಂತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು” ಈ ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ಘಟನೆಯು ಎತ್ತಿ ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ಗೃಹ ಇಲಾಖೆಯ ವಕ್ತಾರರೊಬ್ಬರು ತಿಳಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

15 ಮೀಟರ್ (49 ಅಡಿ) ಉದ್ದದ ಆ ದೋಣಿಯು ನೀರಿನಲ್ಲಿ “ಬಾಗಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿತ್ತು” (ಅಸ್ಥಿರವಾಗಿತ್ತು) ಮತ್ತು ಇದು “ದುರಂತ”ಕ್ಕೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಗಬಹುದಾಗಿತ್ತು ಎಂದು ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಸಿಬ್ಬಂದಿ ತಿಳಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಬರ್ಕ್-ಸುರ್-ಮೆರ್ (Berck-sur-Mer) ನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಸಿಬ್ಬಂದಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ನೀಡಿದಂತೆ, ಆ ದೋಣಿಯು ಇನ್ನೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕರನ್ನು ಹತ್ತಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಕಡಲತೀರದತ್ತ ಸಾಗುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಗ ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಸುಮಾರು 50 ಮಂದಿ ಇದ್ದರು. ಉತ್ತರ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ನ ಬರ್ಕ್ ಕಡಲತೀರದಲ್ಲಿ ದೋಣಿ ಹತ್ತಲು ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಗ ಉಬ್ಬರವಿಳಿತದ ಕಾರಣದಿಂದಾಗಿ 30 ವಲಸಿಗರು ಸಿಕ್ಕಿಹಾಕಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದರು ಎಂದು ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಕಡಲ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳು ತಿಳಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ನ ಚಾನೆಲ್ ಮತ್ತು ಉತ್ತರ ಸಮುದ್ರ ಕಡಲ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಅವರನ್ನು ಕಡಲ ಮತ್ತು ಭೂ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ತಂಡಗಳು ಸುರಕ್ಷಿತವಾಗಿ ಕರೆತಂದಿವೆ. 232 ಮಂದಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಆ ದೋಣಿಯು ತನ್ನ ಪ್ರಯಾಣವನ್ನು ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಿತು; ನಂತರ ಇಬ್ಬರು ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕರು ಸಹಾಯ ಕೋರಿದಾಗ, ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆಯ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಹಡಗೊಂದು ಅವರನ್ನು ಕ್ಯಾಲೈಸ್ (Calais) ಗೆ ಕರೆದೊಯ್ಯಿತು ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ತಿಳಿಸಿದೆ.


ಕಳ್ಳಸಾಗಣೆದಾರರು ಪ್ರತಿ ದೋಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ಜನರನ್ನು ತುಂಬಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಎಂಬುದಕ್ಕೆ ಸೂಚನೆಗಳು ಕಂಡುಬರುತ್ತಿವೆ. 2018ರಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿ ದೋಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಏಳು ಮಂದಿ ಇರುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು, ಆದರೆ ಕಳೆದ ವರ್ಷ ಈ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 62ಕ್ಕೆ ಏರಿತ್ತು. ಕಳೆದ ಮಂಗಳವಾರ, ಬೆಂಕಿ ಹೊತ್ತಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದ ಒಂದೇ ದೋಣಿಯಿಂದ 173 ವಲಸಿಗರನ್ನು ರಕ್ಷಿಸಬೇಕಾಯಿತು. ‘ಹೋಮ್ ಆಫೀಸ್’ (ಗೃಹ ಇಲಾಖೆ) ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶಗಳ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಶನಿವಾರ ನಾಲ್ಕು ದೋಣಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮಾರು 258 ವಲಸಿಗರು ಹಾಗೂ ಭಾನುವಾರ ಐದು ದೋಣಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 423 ವಲಸಿಗರು ಯುಕೆ (UK) ತಲುಪಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಸೂಟ್ ಕೇಸ್ ಒಳಗಿರುವುದು ಮಾನವ ಶವವಲ್ಲ.. ಗೊಂಬೆ ಎಂದು ದೃಢಪಡಿಸಿದ ಪೊಲೀಸರು!

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ಸೂಟ್‌ಕೇಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದ ‘ಶವ’ವು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಜೀವಂತ ಮನುಷ್ಯನಂತೆಯೇ ಕಾಣುವ ಗೊಂಬೆ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿದುಬಂದಿದೆ.
ಸೂಟ್‌ಕೇಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದ ಶವವೊಂದರ ಕುರಿತು ತನಿಖೆ ನಡೆಸಲು ಕರೆಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೇಲಿಯಾದ ಪೊಲೀಸರು, ಆ ‘ಮೃತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ’ ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಜೀವಂತ ಮನುಷ್ಯನಂತೆಯೇ ಕಾಣುವ ಗೊಂಬೆ ಎಂದು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ.


ಸಿಡ್ನಿಯ ನೈಋತ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸುಮಾರು 230 ಕಿ.ಮೀ (143 ಮೈಲುಗಳು) ದೂರದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಓಲೆನ್ ಎಂಬ ಸಣ್ಣ ಹಳ್ಳಿಯ ಬಳಿ ರಸ್ತೆಯ ಪಕ್ಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಬ್ಬರು ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳು ಸೂಟ್‌ಕೇಸ್ ಅನ್ನು ಪತ್ತೆಹಚ್ಚಿದರು.

ಸೋಮವಾರ, ಪೊಲೀಸರು ಕೊಲೆ ತನಿಖೆಯನ್ನು ಆರಂಭಿಸಿದರು, ಪ್ರಕರಣ ತೀವ್ರ ಆಸಕ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಹುಟ್ಟುಹಾಕಿತು ಆದರೆ ಗಂಟೆಗಳ ನಂತರ ವಿಧಿವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಯು ಅದರಲ್ಲಿನ ವಸ್ತುಗಳು ಮಾನವರಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಸಾಬೀತುಪಡಿಸಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿದರು.

ಸೂಟ್‌ಕೇಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ವಸ್ತುಗಳು “ಮೂಲತಃ ಮನುಷ್ಯನೆಂದು ತಪ್ಪಾಗಿ ಭಾವಿಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವು ಮಾನವ ಅವಶೇಷಗಳಂತೆ ಕಾಣುವ ವಿಷಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹಳ ವಾಸ್ತವಿಕವಾಗಿವೆ” ಎಂದು ಹ್ಯೂಮ್ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ಸೂಪರಿಂಟೆಂಡೆಂಟ್ ಲಿಂಡಾ ಬ್ರಾಡ್ಬರಿ ಹೇಳಿದರು.

“ಆದರೆ ಅವು ಮಾನವನ ದೇಹ ಅಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ನಾವು ಇತರ ವಿಧಾನಗಳಿಂದ ದೃಢಪಡಿಸಿದ್ದೇವೆ.”

ಗೊಂಬೆ ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಧರಿಸಿತ್ತು, ಕೂದಲು ಮತ್ತು ಮೂಗು ಚುಚ್ಚುವ ಅಂಗವಿತ್ತು,” ಎಂದು ಪೊಲೀಸರು ಹೇಳಿದರು,
ಭಾನುವಾರ ವಿಧಿವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ತಂಡಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ತನಿಖಾಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳು ಘಟನಾ ಸ್ಥಳಕ್ಕೆ ಭೇಟಿ ನೀಡಿದ್ದರು ಹಾಗೂ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನಗಳನ್ನು ಪಾಲಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಸೂಪರಿಂಟೆಂಡೆಂಟ್ ಬ್ರಾಡ್‌ಬರಿ ತಿಳಿಸಿದರು.

ಇದಕ್ಕೂ ಮುನ್ನ, ಸೂಟ್‌ಕೇಸ್ ಅನ್ನು ಪತ್ತೆಹಚ್ಚಿದ ಇಬ್ಬರು ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಆ ಘಟನೆಯು “ಬಹಳ ಆಘಾತಕಾರಿ ವಿಷಯವಾಗಿತ್ತು” ಎಂದು ಬ್ರಾಡ್‌ಬರಿ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮಗಳಿಗೆ ತಿಳಿಸಿದ್ದರು.

“ದುರದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್, ವಾರಾಂತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಅನೇಕರು ಮಾಡುವಂತೆಯೇ ಅವರೂ ಸಹ ವಾಹನದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊರಗೆ ಸುತ್ತಾಡಲು ಹೋಗಿದ್ದಾಗ, ವಿರಾಮಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಂತಿದ್ದರು,” ಎಂದು ಅವರು ಹೇಳಿದರು.

ಆ ವಸ್ತು ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳಿಗೆ ತಿಳಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಆ ಇಬ್ಬರು ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳು “ಸರಿಯಾದ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ” ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದರು ಎಂದು ಅವರು ಹೇಳಿದರು.

6th Standard, Science, Chapter 3, Separation of Substances

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6th Standard, Science, Chapter 3

Separation of Substances

Exercises

1. Why do we need to separate different components of a mixture? Give two examples.

Answer: We see that, before we use a substance, we need to separate harmful or non-useful substances that may be mixed with it. Sometimes, we separate even useful components if we need to use them separately.

Example 1: Tea leaves are separated from the liquid with a strainer, while preparing tea. Example 2: Milk or curd is churned to separate the butter

2. What is winnowing? Where is it used?

Answer: Separating method of heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air is called winnowing. Winnowing is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air.

3. How will you separate husk or dirt particles from a given sample of pulses before cooking?

Answer: The husk particles are carried away by the wind. The seeds of grain get separated and form a heap near the platform for winnowing. The separated husk is used for many purposes such as fodder for cattles.

4. What is sieving? Where is it used?

Answer: We need to remove impurities and bran that may be present in the flour. We use a sieve and pour the flour into it. This method is called sieving. It is used before us cooking.

5. How will you separate sand and water from their mixture?

Answer: Sand and water can be separated from their mixture through sedimentation and decantation. When the heavier component like sand settles bottom after water is added to it, the process is called sedimentation. When the water is removed, sand will remain and the process is called decantation. If any fine sand particles are still floating or were accidentally poured over, we can achieve complete separation using a paper filter by filtration.

6. Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will you do it?

Answer: Yes. It is possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour. We can separate sugar mixed with wheat flour by sieving method. The smaller, finer wheat flour particles will pass through the holes. The larger sugar crystals will be retained in the sieve.

7. How would you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?

Answer: We can obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water by sedimentation,

Decantation and Filtration method. Heavier mud particles will settle at the bottom. Carefully pour the clearer water at the top into another container without disturbing the mud at the bottom. Pour this decanted water through a filter paper or a clean cotton cloth to remove any remaining mud.

8. Fill up the blanks

(a) The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalks is called threshing.

(b) When milk, cooled after boiling, is poured onto a piece of cloth the cream (malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an example of filtration.

(c) Salt is obtained from seawater by the process of evaporation.

(d) Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept overnight in a bucket. The clear water was then poured off from the top. The process of separation used in this example is called sedimentation and decantation.

9. True or false?

(a) A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration. – False

(b) A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the process of winnowing. – False

(c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done with filtration. – False

(d) Grain and husk can be separated with the process of decantation. – False

10. Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You wish to add ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or after dissolving sugar? In which case would it be possible to dissolve more sugar?

Answer: We should add ice to the lemonade after dissolving sugar. In this case it would be possible to dissolve more sugar. It is possible to dissolve more sugar before adding the ice, because higher water temperature increases sugar solubility. 

SUGGESTED PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES

1. Visit a nearby dairy and report about the processes used to separate cream from milk.

2. You have tried a number of methods to separate impurities like mud from water. Sometimes, the water obtained after employing all these processes could still be a little muddy. Let us see if we can remove even this impurity completely. Take this filtered water in a glass. Tie a thread to a small piece of alum.

Suspend the piece of alum in the water and swirl. Did the water become clear?

What happened to the mud? This process is called loading. Talk to some elders in your family to find out whether they have seen or used this process.

7th Standard, English, Second Language, Chapter 3 – EKALAVYA

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7th Standard, English, Second Language, Chapter 3

EKALAVYA

1. “He who has done this, will one day be master of us all”- in this sentence

a. ‘he’ refers to the unknown painter slave Sebastian.

b. ‘this’ refers to a beautiful painting of the Blessed Virgin.

c. ‘us’ refers to Murillo and his students.

2 Choose the correct answer:

A. The passage is mainly about

a. the Blessed Virgin b. Sebastian c. Murillo d. father

Answer: b. Sebastian

B. Sebastian was Murillo’s

a. student

b. slave

c. friend

d. master

Answer: b. slave

C. The way Sebastian learnt his art secretly is similar to the story of ___________in the Mahabharata.

 a. Arjuna b. Drona c. Ekalavya d. fawns

Answer:  c. Ekalavya

ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟು ಪಾಠಗಳ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೋತ್ತರಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು ಹಾಗೂ ನಮ್ಮ ವೆಬ್ ಸೈಟ್ ವಾಟ್ಸಾಪ್ ಚಾನೆಲ್ ಸೇರಲು ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಲಿಂಕನ್ನು ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ ಮಾಡಿ.

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Vocabulary

V1. Read the following sentence:

The girls in the class were quiet while the boys were noisy. 

The underlined words are opposites.

V1. Match the words in list ‘A’ with their opposites in list ‘B’

One is done for you.

 increase × decrease

            A                                              B

1. increase                               a. kind

2. worthy                                 b. loss

3. gain                                     c. decrease

4. humble                                d. unworthy

5. cruel                                    e. short

6. long                                     f. poor

7. rich                                      g. proud

Answer: 

1. increase × decrease

2. worthy × unworthy

3. gain × loss

4. humble × proud

5. cruel × kind

6. long × short

7. rich × poor

V2. Study the following sentence: 

I must learn archery in order to protect the fawns in our surroundings. (surround)

In this sentence, the word ‘surrounding’ is the noun form of the verb ‘surround’.

Fill in the blanks with suitable noun forms:

Use a dictionary if needed.

One is done for you.

 Is there any meaning (mean) in what you are saying?

Is there any meaning in what you are saying?

1. Children’s choosing (choose) is playing cricket.

2. The teaching (teach) of Krishna is found in the Bhagavad Geetha.

3. Don’t take hasty decision. (decide)

4. The teacher’s corrections (correct) in my homework helped me to score better than Peter.

5. I will be happy to have you as my teacher. (teach)

6. Narayan was considered the best boy for his intelligence. (intelligent) in solving the problem.

Now complete the following paragraph using the words given below:

Belling the Cat

The mice in the grocer’s shop ate plenty of grains and he had to suffer a great loss______ (lose). So, he bought a cat for the detection (detect) of the mice’s hiding place. During the meeting (meet) of the mice, one of them said that the cat’s movement (move) was soft and swift. So, there was a need for belling (bell) the cat. All the mice agreed that it was a good decision. (decide). Someone asked, “Who will bell the cat?” No answer came. As yet, the decision has not seen execution. (execute).

(movement, detection, meeting, loss, execution, belling, decision)

C2. Answer each of the following questions and compare your answers with those of your partner:

1. Why did Drona refuse to teach archery to Ekalavya?

Answer:  Drona cannot take as his pupil anyone other than a Kshatriya or a Brahmin. That is why Drona refuse to teach archery to Ekalavya.

2. How did Ekalavya learn archery?

Answer: Ekalavya learned archery through self-practice and deep devotion by making a clay statue of Guru Dronacharya, treating it as his teacher, and practicing intensely every day. After Drona refused to teach him directly, Ekalavya made a clay image of Drona in the forest and treated it as his real teacher. Day after day, he worshipped the statue and practiced archery with immense faith, courage, and hard work. His deep respect and single-minded dedication turned him into an exceptional master of the art, capable of incredible feats like shabdavedhi (shooting by sound).

3. What made Drona appreciate Ekalavya’s skill?

Answer:  Drona appreciated Ekalavya’s skill after witnessing his extraordinary ability to perform shabdavedhi (shooting an arrow by sound alone) specifically when Ekalavya silently filled a barking hunting dog’s mouth with arrows without hurting it.

4. How, according to Drona, did Ekalavya become a good archer?

Answer: According to Drona Ekalavya became a good archer solely through his devotion. His deep respect and single-minded dedication turned him into an exceptional master of the art, capable of incredible feats like shabdavedhi (shooting by sound).

C3. Answer the following questions after discussing with the other groups in the class:

1. Is it the duty of a student to protect the honour of the teacher?

Answer: Yes. It is considered the duty of a student to respect and protect the honour of their teacher. In traditional values, a Guru is held in the highest regard, akin to God. The teacher imparts wisdom, skills, and values, shaping a student’s life and character.

2. Narrate briefly the circumstances that made Ekalavya offer his right thumb as gurudakshina to Drona.

Answer: Ekalavya offered his right thumb because guru Drona requested it as his teacher’s fee (gurudakshina), aiming to protect his promise of making Arjuna the greatest archer. Drona and the princes found Ekalavya after seeing his amazing skill in silencing a dog with arrows without hurting it. When Drona learned Ekalavya treated him as his guru, Drona asked for his right thumb to stop him from becoming better than Arjuna. Ekalavya cut off his thumb and gave it to Drona without any hesitation.

3. Discuss with your partner/teacher about Ekalavya’s Gurudakshina.

Answer: Ekalavya’s Gurudakshina is a powerful story of extreme devotion and sacrifice, highlighting key aspects like: supreme respect for a guru, the pain of social unfairness, and the heavy cost of promises. Ekalavya treated a clay statue of Dronacharya as his real teacher. When Drona asked for his right thumb as a fee (gurudakshina), Ekalavya gave it instantly without any anger or hesitation.

G. Language work

Read the following sentences and see what kind of sentences they are:

a. The moon goes round the earth. (Assertive/Declarative) 

b. Do you know his phone number? (Interrogative) 

c. How lucky you are! (Exclamatory) 

d. Switch off the TV. (Imperative) 

e. Get me some water please. (Imperative) 

There are mainly four kinds of sentences. They are: 

i) Assertive /Declarative which states a fact and ends with a full stop.

ii) Interrogative a question which ends with question mark.

iii) Exclamatory expresses surprise, wonder or pity and ends with an exclamatory mark.

iv) Imperative expresses commands or requests and ends with a full stop.

G1. Look at these sentences. They have no punctuation marks at the end. Put the punctuation marks and classify the sentences. Write assertive, interrogative, exclamatory or imperative in the blanks given.

One is done for you.

1. Can you ride a motorbike? Interrogative 

2. Open the window. – Imperative

3. Sugar is bad for your teeth. – Assertive/Declarative

4. Please be quiet – Imperative

5. How hot it is! – Exclamatory

6. We went to Shirdi last month. – Assertive/Declarative

7. What a rude man he is! – Exclamatory

8. What are you doing there? – Interrogative

9. Don’t speak to me like that again. – Imperative

10. How quickly the holiday has passed! – Exclamatory

11. Shall I help you with your shopping? – Interrogative

12. The flight for Mumbai takes off at 11.30 p.m. – Assertive/Declarative

13. Ekalavya went to the forest. – Assertive/Declarative

14. How happy he was to see Drona! – Exclamatory

15. Get out of the way, my boy. – Imperative

16. Clean the blackboard, please. – Imperative

Pronunciation 

P1 A. Each word in this list contains a silent letter. 

Underline the silent letter in each word. Practise saying the words aloud.

One is done for you.

K n i f e, w r i s t, c l i m b, d e b t, w r i t e, C o m b, k n o c k, T o m b, k n i t, W r e c k,

D o u b t, K n o b, W r o n g, W r i g g l e

P1 B. Now put each word in the right column in this table.

Silent ‘b’ – debt, comb, tomb, doubt,

Silent ‘k’ – knife, knack, knit, knob

Silent ‘w’ – wrist, write, wreck, wrong, wriggle

Writing Practice 

Pair Work 

W1. A friend of yours wants to apply for a bus pass and wants you to fill the form for him. What questions will you ask him to get the information needed?

Student’s Bus Pass

Name: Ramesh

Age: 12.  Date of birth: 02.05.2014

Father’s name: Gangadhar

Residential address: 3/15, 2nd cross road, 1st main road, Pump well, Mangalore

Name of the school and address: Canara high School, Dongarakeri, Mangalore

Starting point of journey – Pump well.   Destination – Hampanakatta

Bus route No.: 19

Signature of the student – Ramesh

Headmaster’s signature with seal – Headmaster

Ask your friend, and fill in the form.

W2. Look at the signboards.

How many grammatical and spelling and factual mistakes can you spot in these signboards? Correct and rewrite them.

1. By instead of Buy

2. Vegetable instead of Visitable

3. 11 AM to PM

4. Price text Rs 15/-

5. Their instead of there

6. Fair instead of Fare

Further reading

1. Epic Characters of Mahabharatha – Prof. Mudambadithaya 

2. Read the story of Ekalavya – Shanta Rameshwar Rao

ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟು ಪಾಠಗಳ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೋತ್ತರಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು ಹಾಗೂ ನಮ್ಮ ವೆಬ್ ಸೈಟ್ ವಾಟ್ಸಾಪ್ ಚಾನೆಲ್ ಸೇರಲು ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಲಿಂಕನ್ನು ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ ಮಾಡಿ.

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8th Standard, Science, Chapter 3, Health: The Ultimate Treasure

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8th Standard, Science, Chapter 3

Health: The Ultimate Treasure

Exercises

Keep the curiosity alive

1. Group the diseases shown in the images as communicable or non-communicable.

Cold and flu Typhoid Diabetes Asthma Chickenpox

Communicable: Cold and Flu, Typhoid, Chickenpox

Non Communicable: Diabetes, Asthama

2. Diseases can be broadly grouped into communicable and non-communicable diseases. From the options given below, identify the non-communicable diseases.

(i) Typhoid 

(ii) Asthma

(iii) Diabetes 

(iv) Measles

(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)

Answer: (b) (ii) and (iii) 

3. There is a flu outbreak in your School. Several classmates are absent, while some are still coming to school coughing and sneezing.

(i) What immediate actions should the school take to prevent further spread?

Answer: To stop the flu from spreading, the school must immediately isolate and send sick students home, sanitize all shared surfaces, promote handwashing, and cancel large assemblies. Send students who show flu symptoms to the nurse’s office or home to rest. Wipe down desks, door handles, and shared items often. Pause school assemblies and crowded group activities.

(ii) If your classmate, who shares the bench with you, starts showing symptoms of the flu, how can you respond in a considerate way without being rude or hurtful?

Answer: We can respond considerately to a sick classmate by offering help, suggesting they see the nurse, and maintaining basic hygiene without making them feel bad. Kindly propose, “Maybe you should let the teacher know or visit the school nurse so you can rest.” 

Offer a tissue or hand sanitizer nicely if they are coughing. Assure them you can share your class notes later.

(iii) How can you protect yourself and others from getting infected in this situation?

Answer: Washing hands frequently, not sharing personal items, covering the mouth and nose.

To protect ourselves and others during a flu outbreak at school, we should practice good hand hygiene, avoid touching our face, and maintain distance from sick individuals.

4. Your family is planning to travel to another city where malaria is prevalent.

(i) What precautions should you take before, during, and after the trip?

Answer: To protect our family from malaria, we must take preventive medicine, avoid mosquito bites, and watch for later signs of illness. 

Ask a healthcare provider for advice and get prescription anti-malaria pills (like atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine) for each family member. Begin taking the prescribed anti-malaria pills on time before you leave. Buy insect bug spray with DEET, long-sleeve shirts, long pants, and bed nets treated with bug poison

(ii) How can you explain the importance of mosquito nets or repellents to your sibling?

Answer: Explain to your sibling that malaria is caused by the bites of infected mosquitoes. Tell them mosquito nets act like a magical “shield” while sleeping, and sprays are “invisible armor” that keeps bugs away. Show them how to tuck the Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets perfectly under the mattress so mosquitoes can’t sneak in.

(iii) What could happen if travellers ignore health advisories in such areas?

Answer: Ignoring health advisories in malaria-prone areas can lead to severe mosquito-borne infections, high fever with chills, and life-threatening medical emergencies requiring hospitalization. Worsening health condition that ruins the trip and causes long-term weakness.

5. Your uncle has started smoking just to fit in with his friends, even though it is well known that smoking can seriously harm health and even cause death.

(i) What would you say to him to make him stop, without being rude?

Answer: To convince our uncle to quit smoking kindly, express our care for his well-being, share our worry about his health, and ask open questions about why he feels the need to fit in, all without sounding judgmental or bossy.

(ii) What would you do if your friend offers you a cigarette at a party?

Answer: If a friend offers a cigarette at a party, I would politely and clearly say “No thanks, I don’t smoke”. I would stand firm in my choice to protect my health, remember the risks of tobacco, and suggest doing something else together instead.

(iii) How can schools help prevent students from indulging in such harmful habits?

Answer: Schools can help prevent students from smoking by teaching health education, building strong peer resistance skills, offering student counseling, and enforcing strict campus rules. Teach clear facts about how smoking damages the lungs, heart, and overall body during science and health classes.

6. Saniya claims to her friend Vinita that “Antibiotics can cure any infection, so we don’t need to worry about diseases.” What question(s) can Vinita ask her to help Saniya understand that her statement is incorrect?

Answer: The question(s) can Vinita ask her to help Saniya understand that her statement is incorrect are as follows.

1 . “Did you know that antibiotics do not work on viral infections like the flu or the common cold?”

2. “Do you know what happens if we take antibiotics for every small illness? Won’t the bacteria become resistant to them?”

3. “Are all diseases caused by bacteria? What about illnesses caused by viruses or fungi?”

4. “If antibiotics cure everything, why do doctors tell us to just rest and drink fluids for a simple viral fever?”

7. The following table contains information about the number of dengue cases reported in a hospital over a period of one year:

Make a bar graph of the number of cases on the Y-axis and the month on the X-axis. Critically analyse your findings and answer the following:

(i) In which three months were the dengue cases highest?

Answer: In July, August and September months were the dengue cases highest.

(ii) In which month(s) were the cases lowest?

Answer: In January month the cases were lowest.

(iii) What natural or environmental factors during the peak months might contribute to the increase in dengue cases?

Answer: The rise in dengue cases during peak monsoon and post-monsoon months is driven by heavy rainfall, warm temperatures, and high humidity. These weather patterns create ideal conditions for mosquito breeding and speed up how fast the virus grows inside the insects.

(iv) Suggest a few preventive steps that the community or government can take before the peak season to reduce the spread of dengue.

Answer: A few preventive steps that the community or government can take before the peak season to reduce the spread of dengue are as follows.

1 . Clean drains and clear blocked water pipes.

2. Spray anti-mosquito medicine in dirty water areas.

3. Check homes and public places for standing water.

4. Keep local hospitals ready with beds and medicine.

5. Empty old tires, pots, and coolers holding clean water.

6. Cover water tanks tightly so mosquitoes cannot enter.

7. Use window nets and insect creams at home.

8. Join local clean-up drives in the neighbourhood.

8. Imagine you are in charge of a school health campaign. What key messages would you use to reduce communicable and non-communicable diseases?

Answer: To reduce communicable and non-communicable diseases in a school campaign, focus on simple habits like regular handwashing, eating balanced meals, staying physically active, avoiding harmful substances, and getting timely vaccinations.

* Use soap and water before eating or after using the restroom.

* Rest at home so you do not spread germs to your classmates.

* Take routine vaccines to build strong protection against dangerous infections.

9. It is recommended that we should not take an antibiotic for a viral infection like a cold, a cough, or flu. Can you provide the possible reason for this recommendation?

Answer: Antibiotics do not work on viral infections like colds, coughs, or the flu because they only kill bacteria. Viruses and bacteria are very different germs. Taking antibiotics when you do not need those wastes medicine and can make future infections harder to treat. You may get an upset stomach, rashes, or lose good bacteria in your body. Antibiotics work on viral illnesses like the flu or common cold, and point out that taking them unnecessarily causes antibiotic resistance.

10. Which disease(s) among the following may spread if drinking water gets contaminated by the excreta from an infected person?

 Hepatitis A, Tuberculosis, Poliomyelitis, Cholera, Chickenpox.

Answer: Cholera, Hepatitis A

11. When your body encounters a pathogen for the first time, the immune response is generally low but on exposure to the same pathogen again, the immune response by the body is much more compared to the first exposure. Why is it so?

Answer:  When the body encounters a pathogen for the first time, it is slow to recognize it and makes fewer special fighter proteins called antibodies. When the same germ enters again, the body uses special saved cells to recognize it right away. It attacks fast and makes a huge amount of antibodies. The body sees the germ for the first time. It takes time to learn what the germ looks like. Second time the memory cells wake up the immune system right away. The body makes a huge wave of antibodies very fast. The germ is destroyed before it can make you sick.

Discover, Design and Debate:

  1.  Students maintain a health diary for at least a month to track food, hygiene, exercise, sleep, screen time, and emotional state.
  2. Read about Indian scientists like Suniti Solomon, Asima Chatterjee, Dr. Yellapragada Subbarao, Dr. Mary Poonen Lukose for their contributions in the field of health and diseases.
  3. The deadly disease smallpox was eradicated by vaccination. Discover how this was done and why it worked. Debate whether everyone should be required to get vaccinated to protect others.
  4. According to current guidelines, learn the correct sequence of steps for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an adult in case of sudden stoppage of breathing. School may invite a doctor or a professional to demonstrate a mock drill.
  5. Invite a doctor to the school. Students may be encouraged to interact with the doctor on the issues of malnutrition, under-nutrition, and over-nutrition.
  6. If you are given an opportunity to create a health card, what all would you like to include in it. Create your own health card and have discussion about it. 
  7. Have a debate on ‘Are there ill-effects of fast food on companion animals?

8th Standard, English FL, PROSE – 3, BEFORE THE MATCH

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8th Standard, English FL, PROSE – 3

BEFORE THE MATCH

I. Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two each:

1. Name the teams that are to play the cricket match in the lesson.

Answer: Young Men’s Union (YMU) and the Malgudi Cricket Club (MCC) are the teams that are to play the cricket match in the lesson.

2. Who were the prominent players in the MCC team?

Answer: Rajam, Mani and Swaminathan are the prominent players in the MCC (Malgudi Cricket Club).

3. Who was the “Tate” of the team? Why was he called so?

Answer: Swaminathan was the “Tate” of the team. Because he was the prominent fast bowler of the team. He named so after the famous England fast bowler ‘Maurice Tate’.

4. Why could Swami not attend the practice in the evenings?

Answer: Swami could not attend the practice in the evenings because every evening there is Drill Class, Scouting, some other compulsory period.

5. What was Swami’s excuse for exempting him from drill for a week?

Answer: Swami’s excuse to exempt him from the evening drill class for a week was that he was unwell and delirious, claiming he needed a medical certificate so he could attend his cricket practice instead.

6. What did Swami request the doctor to give him?

Answer: Swami requested the doctor to give him a medical certificate. He wanted this certificate to state that he was unwell or suffering from delirium so he could be excused from evening drill and scouting classes to practice for his cricket match.

B. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. “There was only one who caused him the deepest anxiety day and night.’’

a. Who caused Rajam the deepest anxiety?

Answer: Swaminathan caused Rajam the deepest anxiety.

b. Why was this so?

Answer: Because Swami could not attend the practice in the evenings, there is Drill Class, Scouting, some other compulsory period.

2. “Just seven days before the match, Swaminathan realized that his evenings were more precious than ever.”

a. What is the match referred to here?

Answer: The Cricket match between Young Men’s Union (YMU) and the Malgudi Cricket Club (MCC) referred to here. 

b. Why were the evenings more precious than ever?

Answer: Because there is a seven days left for the practice for the match. Every evening is important to Swaminathan to practice and win the match.

3. “But contrary to the custom, he had not taken off his coat and cap.” 

a. Why did Swami not take off his coat and cap?

Answer: Swami did not take off his coat and cap because he wanted to avoid the drill class and rush to his cricket practice for the Malgudi Cricket Club (MCC) match.

b. What happened soon after?

Answer: Swami, asked why he was still dressed that way, and angrily ordered him to take them off. Swami then lied that he was unwell and had been told not to attend drill.

4. “Well, I could do it. But is there anything wrong with you?”

a. Who is speaking to Swami in these lines?

Answer: Doctor is speaking to Swami in these lines.

b. Was there anything really wrong with Swami? 

No. There is nothing wrong with Swami. He was completely healthy and only pretending to be sick for his match practice.

c. What is the real purpose of Swami’s visit?

Answer: The real purpose of Swami’s visit is to get a medical certificate to skip his evening classes. He needs free time to practice for an upcoming cricket match. 

5. “I can’t give you the certificate. But I shall talk to your Headmaster about you and request him to let you off after four-thirty.”

a. Why does the doctor refuse to give a certificate?

Answer: The doctor refuses to give Swami a medical certificate because Swami is in perfect health and issuing a false certificate would be illegal and unethical.

b. What does he offer to do instead?

Answer: The doctor offered Swami that he shall talk to his headmaster about him and request him to let Swami off after 4.30 PM instead of giving fake medical certificate.

c. Do you think the doctor was kind to Swami?

Answer: Yes, the doctor was kind to Swami, showing kindness through understanding Swami’s trick, offered Swami that he shall talk to his headmaster about him and request him to let Swami off after 4.30 PM

C. Answer the following questions in about six or eight sentences each:

1. How did Swami manage to get the permission of the drill master?

Answer: Swami managed to get permission from the drill master.

Swami did not take off his coat and cap because he wanted to avoid the drill class and rush to his cricket practice. Swami, asked why he was still dressed that way, and angrily ordered him to take them off. Swami then lied that he was unwell and had been told not to attend drill. This answer made drill master furious and master tell him to just get away.

2. What was Swami’s plan to get exemption from drill for a week?

Answer: Swami’s plan to get an exemption from the evening drill class for a week was to visit a doctor, pretend he was sick, and ask for an official medical certificate.

Swami planned to trick a doctor by claiming he suffered from “delirium” so he could get proof to show his school. He went to the doctor early in the morning and begged for a note to skip the drill so he could attend cricket practice instead.

3. How did the doctor promise to help Swami?

Answer: The doctor looked Swaminathan under the eye, examined his tongue, tapped his chest, and declared him to be in the pink of health, and told him he would do well to stick to his drill if he wanted to get rid of delirium. Swaminathan again explained to him how important it was for him to have his evenings free. But the doctor said: “It is all very well. But I should be prosecuted if I gave you any such certificate.”

The doctor caught on that Swami was lying and laughed at his misuse of the word delirium. Instead of writing a fake note, the kind doctor promised to talk to the headmaster directly. That is how the doctor promise to help Swami.

II. Speaking Activity

A. Imagine that the doctor meets Swami’s Headmaster and convinces him to let off Swami after 4:30 p.m.

B. Now form groups of four and think of dialogues for this situation. 

Try to give different endings.

C. Develop a script play, using the different parts in the story and enact it before the class.

Example: A paragraph outline:

Complete the following paragraphs with the help of the clues given below: 

1. There lived a king by name Krishna and queen Radha lived in a very big palace with hundreds of servants and soldiers. Both the King and the queen were fond of honey. They built a separate storeroom to store a few tins of honey. The king appointed twelve guards to keep watch round the clock. 

2. One of the guards wanted to eat some of the royal honey. So he made a secret entry to the Store house of honey and stole a few tins of honey. The queen came to know of the theft in the palace and demanded her beloved husband to punish the thief.

3. In the morning, the next day, the king summoned all the guards at once and ordered them to stand in a line. The king devised a plan to identify the guard who had stolen the honey. He told them in a polite tone that he noticed a pinch of honey on the beard of one of the guards. As soon as the king uttered these words, one of the guards lifted up his hand to wipe his beard. The king observed this act and he told the guard that he was the culprit. Thus the king was able to detect the thief without any investigation.

Key words: palace, soldiers, fond of, store house, to eat, demanded, summoned, devised, noticed, investigation, keep watch, honey, stole, thief, stand, detect, lifted up, observed, identify.

Linkers: who, and, so, as soon as, thus.

6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 5 – RISE OF NEW RELIGIONS

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6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 5

RISE OF NEW RELIGIONS

EXERCISE

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Gautama Buddha was born in Lumbini near Kapilavastu of Nepal.

2. Gautama Buddha preached his teaching in Pali language.

3. Jina means the one who has conquered attachment (Moha).

4. The 23rd Thirthankara of Jainism was Parshvanatha.

5. The section who wears white clothes belongs to Shwethambara section of Jainism.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. Who were the parents of Gautama Buddha?

Answer: Gautama Buddha’s father Shudodhana and his mother was Mayadevi.

2. Where did the Buddha give his first sermon?

Answer: Buddha gave his first sermon to five disciples at Saranath near Varanasi of present Uttar Pradesh for the first time.

3. What is the meaning of ‘Dharma Chakra Pravartana’?

Answer: Buddha preached his thoughts to five disciples at Saranath near Varanasi of present Uttar Pradesh for the first time. This incident is identified as ‘Dharma Chakra Pravartana’.

4. What did Mahaveera preach?

Answer: Vardhamana Mahaveera taught non-violence to his disciples. He wanted them not to commit theft and amassing wealth and not to lie. He preached celibacy.

5. Name the important republics of ancient India.

Answer: Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Vajji are the important republics of ancient India.

III. Discuss.

1. What are the teachings of Buddha?

Answer: The aim of Buddha’s teachings was to attain Knowledge by practicing purity in life and thought. He called this as Dhamma. The world is full of Sorrow. Desire is the reason for Sorrow. Whoever wins over Desire attains Nirvana (liberation). He taught eightfold path to attain Nirvana which includes right view, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. This is called as Ashtanga Marga.

IV. Match the Following words in Column ‘A’ with their descriptions in Column ‘B’.

A                                                 B

1. Gautama Buddha                (a) Republic

2. Mahaveera                          (b) The sacred books of Buddhists

3. Vajji                                     (c) Religious centre of Jainism

4. Shravanabelagola               (d) The founder of Buddhism

5. Tripitaka                              (e) The founder of Jainism

Answer:

1. Gautama Buddha                (d) The founder of Buddhism

2. Mahaveera                          (e) The founder of Jainism

3. Vajji                                     (a) Republic

4. Shravanabelagola               (c) Religious centre of Jainism

5. Tripitaka                              (b) The sacred books of Buddhists

Additional Questions:

1. How did Siddartha became Buddha?

Answer: Siddartha sought guidance from many sages on the ways of removing sorrow. Still, he could not find an answer about the root of sorrow. Finally, he sat under a Peepal tree in Gaya of Bihar and meditated for many days. He became enlightened there and Siddartha became Buddha.

2. What is the rule made by Buddha for his disciples?

Answer: Buddha made it a rule that his disciples should not consume liquor, practice violence, engage in corruption and untruthfulness.

3. The teachings of Buddha was found in which language?

Answer: The teachings of Buddha were easy and popular as he preached them in Pali, the common people’s language.

4. Which are the three pitakas?

Answer: Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka are the three Pitakas. These sacred scriptured of the Buddhist are known as Tripitakas.

5. Who were the parents of Mahaveera?

Answer: Vardhamana’s father was Siddhartha was the head of a clan. Vardhamana’s mother was Trishala Devi.

6. Which is the name of the followers of Mahaveera?

Answer: The followers of Mahaveera are called as Jains.

7. Who are the Shwethambara and Digambara in Jains?

Answer: The followers of Parshvanatha, who wore white clothes, are Shwethambara. While, the followers of Mahaveera, who were not clothed are Digambara.

Activities:

 Know about the Jaina Basadis in your place.

 Collect pictures of Jaina Basadis and prepare an album with information.

6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 4 – THE CULTURE OF THE VEDIC PERIOD

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6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 4

THE CULTURE OF THE VEDIC PERIOD

EXERCISE

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. ‘Veda’ means knowledge.

2. The Vedas are in Sanskrit language.

3. The head of Aryan was called Rajan.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. Which are the four Vedas?

Answer: The four Vedas are as follows.

1. Rigveda

2. Yajurveda

3. Samaveda and

4. Atharvanaveda.

2. Name the four Varnas.

The four Varnas are as follows.

1. Brahmana,

2 . Kshatriya,

3. Vaishya

4. Shudra.

3. Name two women scholars of the Vedic period.

Answer: The two women scholars of the Vedic period are,

1 . Lopamudra

2. Indrani

The others are Ghosha, Apala, Vishwavara, Gargi and Maitreyi.

4. Which are the great epics of ancient India? Who were the authors?

Answer: Ramayana and Mahabharatha are the two popular epics among the Indians. The Author of Ramayana is Valmiki Maharshi and the author of Mahabharatha is Vyasa Maharshi. These two epics have shaped Indian life, literature and art for thousands of years.

III. Discuss.

1. What are the differences between the Pre-vedic society and the Post-vedic society?

Answer: The differences between the Pre-vedic society and the Post-vedic society are as follows.

1 . During Pre- Vedic period the women held a respectable position in the society. They even participated in political institutions. Widow Remarriage was in practice. Women also studied Vedas.

In Post Vedic period the position of the women was lowered. Women were deprived of education and even kept away from the political institutions.

2. In Pre Vedic period women are participated in the political institution like sabha and samithi. Child marriages and sati system were not practiced during this period. But in Post Vedic society Child marriage and Sati system started.

3. The Varna system came into existence which was inclusive of four varnas namely: Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra in Post Vedic Period which is not in practice in Pre Vedic period.

Additional Questions:

1 . From where Aryans came to India?

Answer: Aryans came from Central Asia to India.

2. Where did the Vedic culture emerge in ancient India?

Answer: The culture of Vedic period, arose first in the plains of River Saraswathi, and later in the plains of the River Ganga.

3. Which period is called ‘Vedic Period’?

Answer: The period in which the Vedic literature was formed is called the Vedic period.

4. Which river of ancient India is believed to be the River Saraswathi?

Answer: The ‘Ghaggar-Akra’ river which disappeared in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan is believed to be the ancient river Saraswathi. It is also believed that the Helmond river of Afghanistan is the ancient Saraswathi River.

5. What is meant by ‘Pre-Vedic Period’?

Answer: The period for Rigveda is called ‘Pre-Vedic Period’.

6. What is ‘Post-Vedic Period’?

Answer: The period of three vedas like Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda is called ‘Post-Vedic Period’.

7. Who was the head of the family during Pre-Vedic Period?

Answer: Father was the head of the family during Pre-Vedic Period.

8. What were the prisoners of war called in Pre-vedic period? How were they treated?

Answer: The prisoners of war called dasas and dasyus. They were treated like slaves.

9. Which are the three political institutions in Pre-Vedic Period administration?

Answer: The political institutions ‘Sabha’ ‘Samithi’ and ‘Vidhatas played a major role in Pre-Vedic period administration.

10. Name the gods which Aryans worshipped.

Answer: Aryans worshipped Gods like Indra, Surya, Soma, Varuna, Mitra, Yama, Ashwini etc. They worshipped gods through the rituals of ‘yagnas’.

11. What is the message of Vedas?

Answer: “There is only one truth. People perceive it differently. Let the noble thoughts come from all the corners of the world”. These were the messages of the Vedas.

12. Which are the political changes happened in Post-Vedic period which practiced in Pre-Vedic period?

Answer: The king became more powerful. The position of ‘Vidhata’,‘Sabha’ and ‘Samiti’ lost their importance. The king expanded his kingdom and the kingship became hereditary. The king performed rituals like ‘Ashwamedha Yaga’ and ‘Rajasuya Yaga’ to expand his kingdom.

13. Which are the four Ashramas in Post-Vedic Period?

Answer: A four Ashrama system (Chathurashrama) Brahmacharya, Gruhastha, Vaanaprastha and Sanyasa are started in Post-Vedic Period.

Activity: Read Ramayana and Mahabharata (with pictures) meant for children.

6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 3, OUR PRIDE OUR STATE – KARNATAKA

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6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 3

OUR PRIDE OUR STATE – KARNATAKA

EXERCISES

1.1 BENGALURU DIVISION

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. There are 9 districts in Bengaluru division.

2. The district with the highest rainfall in Bengaluru division is Shivamogga

3. Bannerghatta National Park is in Bengaluru urban district.

4. Mulberry leaved is the raw material for Silk industry.

5. The famous folk Museum ‘Janapada Loka’ founded by Dr. H.L. Nagegowda

6. The famous festival held in Bengaluru city every year is Karaga Festival

7. The first chief Minister of Mysore State was K.C. Reddy

8. The Vulture bird is protected at the bird sanctuary in Ramanagara district.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. Name any three kingdoms who ruled ancient Karnataka?

Answer: The three kingdoms who ruled ancient Karnataka are Gangas, Cholas, Hoysalas and Vijayanagar Kings.

2. Name any two Palepattus, who ruled in this division.

Answer: Keladi and Chitradurga are the two Palepattus, who ruled in this Bengaluru division.

3. What are Natural Resources? Give examples.

Answer: Resources obtained from nature are called as Natural Resources. Rivers, Forests, Valley, Waterfalls, Animals, Minerals wild animals, soil and others are the resources provided to us by Nature.

4. State the reasons for scarcity of water in Bengaluru division.

Answer: Many rivers of Bengaluru Urban district are on the verge of extinction. Many lakes are being destroyed by multiple conversions of land. As a result, there is a severe scarcity of water.

5. Name any two water falls in Bengaluru Division.

Answer: Jog falls and Muthyalamadu water falls are the two water falls in Bengaluru Division.

6. Name the highest mountain in Bengaluru Division.

Answer: The tallest mountain in Bengaluru division is Halurameshwara gudda in Chitradurga district.

7. Name any two Bird Sanctuaries in Bengaluru Division.

Answer: Gudavi Bird Sanctuary in Shivamogga district and Mandagadde Bird Sanctuary in Shivamogga district are the two Bird Sanctuaries in Bengaluru Division. Kaggaladu Bird Sanctuary in Tumakuru and Ramadevara betta Vulture Sanctuary in Ramanagara are other Bird Sanctuaries in Bengaluru Division.

8. Name the important crops of Bengaluru division.

Answer: The main crops of Bengaluru division are ragi, maize, paddy, groundnuts, and various pulses. Important commercial crops are coconut, arecanut, cotton, sugarcane and others.

9. Which cities of Bengaluru Division have Apparel Parks?

Answer: Doddaballapur, Anekal cities of Bengaluru Division have Apparel Parks.

10. Name the three recipients of Jnanapeeta Award from Bengaluru division.

Answer: Kuvempu, Masti Venkatesha Iyengar and U.R. Anantha Murthy are the three recipients of Jnanapeeta Award from Bengaluru division.

Activity:  Visit Bannerghatta National Park and make a list of animals in the park, collect pictures of wild animals and prepare a report on them.  Make a list of important factories in Bengaluru and collect their pictures and prepare a report.

1.2 MYSURU DIVISION

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Dakshina Kannada was divided in the year 1997 to create Udupi district.

2. The Dakshina Kannada and Udupi are the coastal districts of Mysuru Division.

3. Our national animal is Tiger.

4. Wild elephants are tamed using ‘Kedda Operation’ technique.

5. The Chikkamagaluru district in Mysuru Division grows more coffee.

6. River Cauvery originates from Talakaveri in Kodagu district.

7. Kudmal Ranga Rao dedicated his life for the upliftment of untouchables.

8. The world famous festival Dasara is celebrated in Mysuru.

9. The Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Mysuru Division have ports.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. How many districts are there in Mysuru Division?

Answer: There are eight districts in Mysuru Division.

2. How did the name Mysuru come into being?

Answer: According to mythological stories, the Goddess Parvathi, took the form of Chamundeshwari and killed demon Mahishasura. The place where Mahisha was killed became Mysuru.

3. Name the Wodeyar King who contributed to the development of Mysuru Kingdom during early part of 20th century.

Answer: Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV was the Wodeyar King who contributed to the development of Mysuru Kingdom during early part of 20th century.

4. What name did the Britishers give to the coastal region of Karnataka?

Answer: The coastal region of Karnataka was called ‘Canara’ by the British.

5. Name any two famous rivers in Mysuru division.

Answer: Cauvery, Nethravathi are the famous two rivers in Mysuru division.  Hemavathi, Harangi, Kumaradhara, Vedavathi, Kapila and Yagachi are the other rivers in Mysuru division.

6. Name the districts which receive highest and lowest rainfall in Mysuru division?

Answer: The Udupi district of Mysuru division receives highest rainfall whereas the Mandya district receives the lowest rainfall.

7. Name any two minerals available in Mysuru division.

Answer: Bauxites and Felsite are the two minerals available in Mysuru division.  Chromite Limestone, Manganese, Granite are the other major minerals available in Mysuru Division.

8. What is the major occupation of people in the coastal areas?

Answer: Fishing and agriculture are the major occupation of people in the coastal areas.

9. Name any two famous forest areas in Mysuru division.

Answer: Bandipur and Nagarahole are the two famous forest areas in Mysuru division. Male Mahadeshwara betta and Pushpagiri are the other famous forest areas in Mysuru division.

10. Name any two tribal groups living in Mysuru division.

Answer: Jenukuruba and Koraga are the two tribal groups living in Mysuru division. Apart from these Malekudia tribals, Soliga tribe, Yarava, Hakkipikki, Halasa and Medaru tribes are also present in this division.

11. Name any two bird sanctuaries and wildlife sanctuaries of Mysuru division.

Answer: Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, Gudavi Bird Sanctuary, Kokkare Belluru Bird Sanctuaries are the major bird sanctuaries of Mysuru division.

12. Name two national parks in Mysuru division.

Answer: Rajiv Gandhi Nagarahole National Park is in Mysuru district and Bandipur National Park is in Chamarajanagar district are the two national parks in Mysuru division.

13. Name any six crops grown in Mysuru division.

Answer: Silk, Coffee, Sugarcane, cashewnuts, pepper, rubber are the six crops grown in Mysuru division. Cardamom, Paddy, Ragi, Maize, green gram, uradh, and various pulses are the other major crops of this division.

14. Name any two irrigation projects in Mysuru division.

Answer: Krishnarajasagar, Harangi, Hemavathi and Kabini irrigation projects are the major irrigation projects in Mysuru division.

15. Name any three major occupations in Mysuru division.

Answer: Agriculture, Industries, Fishing and Information Technology are the major occupations in Mysuru division.

16. Write the name of the harvest festival celebrated in Kodagu.

Answer: Huttari Habba is the harvest festival celebrated in Kodagu.

17. Where is Rangayana, the repertory theatre based at?

Answer: A theatre repertory group Rangayana is based at Mysuru.

18. Name any two famous Kannada novelists of Mysuru division.

Answer: Shivaram Karantha and Dr. S.L.Byrappa are the two famous Kannada novelists of Mysuru division.

19. Which university in Mysuru Division has celebrated one hundred years?

Answer: The University Of Mysore was established in 1915 C.E. has celebrated one hundred years

20. What is the name of the centers which provide health care in rural areas?

Answer:  The name of the centers which provide health care in rural areas is ‘Rural sub health centres’.

21. Name any two good health indicators.

Answer: The two good health indicators are,

1. Lowest Child Mortality Rates.

2. Lower Maternal Mortality Rates

22. Name any two famous English Novelists of Mysuru division.

Answer: Raja Rao of Hassan and R.K. Narayan are the two famous English Novelists of Mysuru division.

23. Name any two freedom fighters who fought against untouchability.

Answer: Kudmal Ranga Rao and Tagadur Ramachandra Rao are the two freedom fighters who fought against untouchability.

24. What is Shravanabelagola famous for?

Answer: Shravanabelagola is famous for Gommateshwara is a monolith idol of Shravanabelagola.

25. Name any four freedom fighters of Mysuru division.

Answer: Karnad Sadashivarao, H.K.Veeranna Gowda, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, K. Ramakrishna Karantha are the four freedom fighters of Mysuru division.

Activities:  Make a list of ancient temples in Mysuru division along with the kings/kingdoms who constructed these temples. Collect pictures.  Make a list of Gommateshwara statues in different districts. And you collect information on the height of these idols. Prepare a report with pictures of the statues.

1.3 KALABURAGI DIVISION

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The Hampi in Vijayanagara District was the capital of Vijayanagara kings.

2. Districts of Kalaburagi division got independence in the year 1948

3. There is a gold mine in Raichur district of Kalaburagi division.

4. Ballari district has Daroji Bear wildlife sanctuary.

5. Karnataka Central University is in Kalaburagi district

6. The name of the University in Hampi of Vijayanagara district is Kannada University.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. Under which section of the Indian Constitution, Kalaburagi Division is granted special status?

Answer: Government introduced the 98th Constitutional Amendment in 2012 and Kalaburagi Division is granted special status.

2. In which year Nizam’s province was merged to India?

Answer: Nizam’s province was merged to India in 1948.

3. Hampi of Vijayanagara was the capital city of which Kings?

Answer: Hampi of Vijayanagara was the capital city of Vijayanagara Kings.

4. Name any two Palegaras who ruled after the fall of Bahamani and Vijayanagara Kings.

Answer: Palegaras of Harapanahalli, Sandur, Jarimale and Surapura are ruled after the fall of Bahamani and Vijayanagara Kings.

5. Which two rivers are the major rivers of Kalburgi division?

Answer: Bhima and Tungabhadra are the two major rivers of Kalburgi division. Krishna, Mullamari and Bennetora are other important rivers of this division.

6. Write the name of one dam in Bidar district.

Answer: Karanja dam is the dam in Bidar district.

7. Name the dam which provides irrigation facility to Raichur, Vijayanagara and Ballari districts.

Answer: Tungabhadra Dam provides irrigation facilities to Raichur, Ballari and Vijayanagara districts of this division.

8. Which are the major Industries in Kalaburagi district?

Answer: Iron and Steel Industries, Sugar Industries, Cement Industries and thermal power plants are the major Industries of Kalaburagi division.

9. Which districts of Kalaburagi division have Iron ore deposits?

Answer: Ballari, Vijayanagara and Koppala districts of Kalaburagi division have Iron ore deposits.

10. Name the famous Dargah in Kalaburgi.

Answer: Khwaja Bandhe Nawaz Dargah is the famous Dargah in Kalaburgi.

11. Name two epic poems written during ancient times in Kalaburgi division.

Answer:  ‘Kaviraja Marga’ and ‘Vikramarjuna Vijaya’ are the two epic poems written during ancient times in Kalaburgi division.

12. Write a short note on Vachana Movement.

Answer: The leading social reform movement of twelfth century, the ‘Vachana Movement’ took place in Kalyana of Kalaburagi division of Karnataka. Many Vachanakaras like Basavanna, Allamaprabhu, Akkamahadevi, Jedara Dasimaiah, Siddarama and others who were enlightened are from Kalaburagi division. Many men and women wrote Vachanas as part of this movement.

13. Name two people who are well known in the field of Daasa sahitya.

Answer: Kanakadasa and Purandaradasa are the two people who are well known in the field of Daasa sahitya.

14. Name the folk dances of Kalaburagi Division.

Answer: Nandi Kunitha, Allavi Kunitha, Choudammana Kunitha, Lambani Kunitha, Kolata, Veeragase, Durga-Muragi, and others are the folk dances of Kalaburagi Division. Karadi Majalu, shillekyathara atta, Moharam kunitha, Hagalu vesha are part of folk art.

15. Name the university in Raichur of this division.

Answer: Agriculture University is the University in Raichur of this division.

16. Name the university in Ballari district.

Answer:  Shrikrishnadevaraya University is the University in Ballari district.

17. Where is Kannada University located?

Answer: Kannada University is located in Hampi of Vijayanagara District.

18. Apart from the freedom struggle two more movements took place in Kalaburagi Division. Name them.

Answer: Apart from the freedom struggle two more movements took place in Kalaburagi Division. The first is the library movement aimed at instilling national spirit and the second is that of opening national schools to educate children.

19. What is the name of Nizam’s private army?

Answer: The name of Nizam’s private army is ‘Razaks’.

20. Name any two national schools established in Kalaburagi division to support the freedom struggle.

Answer: The two national schools established in Kalaburagi division to support the freedom struggle. Are as follows.

1. Nutan Vidyalaya, Kalaburagi (1907)

3. Vidyananda Gurukula, Kukanoor (1922)

21. When did Nizam province become part of India?

Answer:  On September 17, 1948, Nizam province become part of India.

22. Name the important freedom fighter from Kalaburagi Division.

 Answer: Shri Ramananda Teertha, Kalyan Shetty and Chandrashekar Patil are important freedom fighter from Kalaburagi Division.

Activity:  Make a list of the Iron ore mines and Iron and Steel factories in this division. Prepare a report with their pictures.

1.4 BELAGAVI DIVISION

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The districts in Belagavi division were integrated into Karnataka in the year 1956.

2. The queen Rani Chennamma of Kittur who fought against the British.

3. The new district of Haveri, Gadag and Bagalakote formed in the year 1997.

4. Badami was the capital of Chalukya dynasty.

5. The granite stone resource is found in Ilakal.

6. Byadagi in Belagavi division is famous for its Dried Chilly agricultural produce.

7. The Horticulture University is in Bagalkote district of Belagavi division.

8. The first Women University of Karnataka was started in Bijapur (Vijayapura) in 2003.

9. Eight people were hanged in the Ramadurga Samsthana freedom struggle led by Lawyer Munavalli.

10. The seed production center are in Haveri district of Belagavi division.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. In which year and in which district did the Indian National Congress convention under the president ship of Gandhiji take place?

Answer: The Indian National Congress convention under the president ship of Gandhiji took place in 1924 in Belagavi district.

2. Name any two rivers of Belagavi division.

Answer: Krishna, Malaprabha are the two rivers of Belagavi division.  Ghataprabha, Bheema, Kali and Tungabhadra are the other major rivers of this division.

3. Name the wildlife sanctuaries of Belagavi division.

Answer: Dandeli wildlife sanctuary and Attiveri Bird Sanctuary are the wildlife sanctuaries of Belagavi division.

4. What is the meaning of evergreen forests?

Answer: The forests are found in tropical climate and remain green throughout the year are called evergreen forest.

5. Name the water falls of Belagavi division.

Answer:  Gokak Waterfalls, is attractive, Magodu waterfalls near Dandeli, Devamala waterfalls near Karavara, Apsarakonda waterfalls near Murudeshwara are the water falls of Belagavi division.

6. In which district of Belagavi division iron ore is available?

Answer: Iron ore is available in Bagalakote district of Belagavi division.

7. Which natural resource is available in Ilkal?

Answer: Huge granite stone deposits is available in Ilkal.

8. What are the major crops of Belagavi division?

Answer: Paddy, cotton, maize, pulses, wheat, groundnuts, pearl millet, chilly are the major crops of Belagavi division.

9. Name four Jnanapeetha awardees from Belagavi division.

Answer: Da.Ra. Bendre, V.K. Gokak, Girish Karnad, Chandrashekara Kambara are the four Jnanapeetha awardees from Belagavi division.

10. Name any three singers of Belagavi division.

Answer: Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi, Pt. Mallikarjun Mansoor, Vidushi Gangubai Hangal are the three singers of Belagavi division.

11. Name two forms of theatre from Belagavi division.

Answer: Badaguthittu Yakshagana, Sannata, Doddata and Shrikrishna Parijata are the different forms of theatre from Belagavi division.

12. Which district of Belagavi division has Karnataka Law University?

Answer: Karnataka Law University is situated in the city of Hubballi in Dharwad district of Belagavi division.

13. What is the name of the health care centers established by the Government in Rural areas?

Answer: The name of the health care centers established by the Government in Rural areas is ‘Primary Health Centres’.

14. Name any three important freedom fighters of Belagavi division.

Answer: Mylara Mahadevappa, Siddappa Kambali, Aluru Venkatarao, are the three important freedom fighters of Belagavi division. Na.Su. Hardikar, Hardikar Manjappa, Gangadhar Rao Deshpande, Doddamete Andanappa and Lawyer Munavalli are the other important freedom fighters of Belagavi division.

Activities:  Make a list of all the thirty-one districts of Karnataka. Collect the district wise maps. Make another list of tourist spots in each district and prepare a report.  Make a list of places relevant to Vachanakaras in different districts. Make a list of Vachanakaras and prepare a report.

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