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9th Standard, Social, Political Science, CHAPTER 22 – DEFENCE OF THE NATION

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9th Standard, Social, Political Science, CHAPTER – 22

DEFENCE OF THE NATION

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The Commander-in-Chief of our three Armed Forces is the President.

2. The Chief of the Army is called General.

3. The headquarters of the Defence Ministry is in New Delhi.

4. The Hindustan Ship-building yard is at Vishakhapatnam.

5. The Border Security Force training centre is in Yelahanka in Bengaluru.

6. The Indian Red Cross Society established in 1920.

II. Answer the following questions after group discussion.

7. What is the Naval Base near Karwar known as?

Answer: The Naval Base near Karwar known as Seabird Naval base.

8. Which are the five divisions of our Defence Ministry?

Answer: The five divisions of our Defence Ministry are as follows.

1) Department of Defence,

2) Department of Defence production,

3) Department of Defence research and developent,

4) Department of Ex. Service men welfare,

5) Department of Military Affairs.

9. Explain the structure of the Indian Army?

Answer: The headquarters of the Indian Army is in New Delhi. The motto is ‘Seva Paramo Dharma’ (service before self) the Chief of the army is called General, Lieutenant General, Major General, Brigadier etc work as assistants to him. The ground forces consist of infantry, cavalry, battle tanks and artillery. It also has a supply and engineering unit, administratively the Indian army is structured into lower commands. Commands are divided into area, sub-area. A lieutenant general heads the command, a Major General heads the area and a Brigadier heads the sub-area. The main function of the army is to protect the Integral territory of the nation from any foreign attack and to maintain the Integrity of the country. Land army also performs tasks like protection of the border area and dealing with natural calamity, which is a huge area of the country.

10. Which are the Commands of the Army?

Answer: There are 7 Commands in Indian Army. They are,

1. Northern command (Udampur (Jammu and Kashmir)

2. Southern command (Pune (Maharashtra)

3. Eastern command (Kolkata (West Bengal))

4. Western command (Chandimandir (Chandigarh)

5. North western command (Jaipur (Rajasthan))

6. Central command (Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh))

7. Training command (Mhow (Madhya Pradesh))

11. What are the Indian Air Force training centers?

Answer: The Indian Air Force training centers are,

1. Air force Academy – Dundigal (Hyderabad) – Telengana

2. Basic flying training school – Prayag Raj – Uttara Pradesh

3. Airmen training school – Sambra, Belagavi – Karnataka

4. Air force technical college – Jalahalli, Bengaluru – Karnataka

5. College of Air warfare – Secunderabad – Telengana

12. What are the qualifications required for recruitment to the Army?

Answer: Those who desire to work in the Armed forces should be service-oriented, patriotic, and ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the country and also be familiar with the multi-cultural fabric of the nation. However, there are certain conditions with regard to physical requirements, mental health, general education and technical knowledge that have to be met.

When recruitments are made to the lower posts of the army, they are made according to the percentage of recruitable male population (RMP) of the State and Union Territories.

13. What are the aims of N.C.C.? What are the facilities available to NCC cadet?

Answer: The aims of N.C.C. is to develop among the students a sense of discipline, leadership qualities, friendliness and service-mindedness. It is a body of disciplined and trained youth force which comes to the rescue of the nation during emergencies.

The facilities available to NCC cadets are,

  1. Special provisions for N.C.C. cadets to join defence forces.
  2. Certain seats are reserved for N.C.C cadets for professional colleges.
  3. Cadets are given training in handling weapons.
  4. During training, cadets go on adventures like Hiking, Trekking, Gliding, Scaling or mountaineering, sailing etc.

14. Write about the Chief of defence staff?

Answer: The post of chief of the defence staff was created in 2019 to provide high quality advice to the country’s political leadership and matters related to India’s military. The person appointed to this post will also be the principal military advisor to Defence Minister. General Bipin Rawat was appointed was India’s first chief of defence staff.  The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) is India’s most senior military officer, acting as the principal military advisor to the government and head of the Department of Military Affairs (DMA). The role was created to improve jointness and integration among the Army, Navy, and Air Force by coordinating their planning, logistics, and operations, and to work towards forming integrated tri-service commands. While the CDS acts as the professional head and coordinates the services, they do not have direct operational command, as this authority remains with the President of India and the individual services. The current Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) is General Anil Chauhan.

Additional Questions:

  1. Describe the structure of the Defence Forces.

Answer: The Indian Defence system consists of three wings – Army, Navy and Air Force. The President is the Commander-in-chief of all the three divisions. The Chief of the army is known as General, the Chief of the Naval Force is called Admiral and that of the Air Force is called Air Chief Marshal. In 2001, Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (CIDS) was appointed for better management of the three services. The Indian Defence Minister co-ordinates the work of the three forces. Each force has its own training centers.

  • Which are the training centres of Indian army?

Answer: The training centres of Indian army are as follows.

  1. National Defence Academy – Khadakvasla (Near Pune) Maharastra
  2. Defence service staff college – Welligton – Tamil Nadu
  3. Indian military academy – Dehradun – Uttarkhand
  4. College of defence management – Sikandrabad – Telangana
  5. National defence college – New Delhi
  6. Officers training academy – Chennai – Tamil Nadu
  7. Name the Ship Building Centres in India.

Answer: The Ship Building Centres in India are,

  1. Hindustan Ship yard limited – Vishakapatnam – Andra Pradesh
  2. Mazgoan Dock yard limited – Mumbai – Maharastra
  3. Garden rich ship builders and engineers limited – Kolkata – West Bengal
  4. Cochin ship yard limited – Kochi – Kerala
  5. Goa ship yard limited – Vasco da gama – Goa
  6. Name the Indian Navy Training Centres.

Answer: The Indian Navy Training Centres are,

  1. Indian Naval Academy – Ejimala – Kerala 
  2. INS Shatavahana – Visakhapatnam – Andra Pradesh 
  3. INS Chilika – Chilika – Odisha
  4. INS Shivaji – Lonavala – Maharashtra
  5. Which are the Indian Airforce Commands?

Answer: The Indian airforce has 5 operational commands and 2 functional commands.

Operational commands:

Eastern Air command – Shillong – Meghalaya

Western Air command – New Delhi

Southern Air command – Thiruvananthapuram – Kerala

Central Air command – Prayag Raj – Uttara Pradesh

The South Western Air command – Gandhinagar – Gujarat

Functional commands.

Training Command – Bengaluru – Karnataka

Maintenance Command – Nagpur – Maharashtra

  • Write about Defence production

Answer:The activities of the Defence production are divided into two:

1. The manufacturing units run by the Department, and

2. The manufacturing units run by the Public Defence Sector.

The factories of the first kind manufacture gun powder, weapons, tanks etc. Whereas the factories in the public sector manufacture ships, aircraft, bulldozers, submarines, rockets etc.

  • Which are the Second line of defence organizations?

Answer: Besides the Armed Forces, there are other organizations which form a second line of defence. They are:

1. Territorial Army

2. N.C.C. – National Cadet Corps

3. Coastal Guard

4. Border Security Force

5. Civil Defence

6. Home Guards

7. Red Cross

III. Activities:

1. Organise an essay competition on how the country’s security depends on our military forces.

2. Visit your nearest Red Cross Organisation. Familarize your self with the functions it performs.

3. Invite a retired ex-service man to the school and share experiences with him.

IV. Projects :

1. Collect pictures of our armed forces and display in your school.

2. Start a branch of the Red Cross Society in your school and help the needy.

3. Collect pictures of war planes and warships.

8th Standard, Social, Political Science, Chapter 23 – Local Self Government

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8th Standard, Social, Political Science, Chapter 23

Local Self Government

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act that is in force now was passed in the year 1983.

2. The body of the village council in which all the voters of the village can participate is Grama Panchayat.

3. The President of Grama Panchayats are chosen to Taluk Panchayats on the basis of lottery system.

4. The officer appointed by the Government to look after the day to day executive work of Zilla Panchayat is called Chief Executive Officer.

5. The total number of City Corporations in Karnataka including Bruhath Bengaluru Mahanagar Palike is 11.

II Answer the following questions briefly:

6. What are the objectives of Local Self Government?

Answer: The objectives of Local Self Government are as follows.

  1. To involve the local people in solving the problems of their own locality.
  2. To provide the knowledge of administration to common people.
  3. To help in decentralizing powers and make the administration more efficient.
  4. To train or develop leadership qualities among people at the grass root level.

7. State the place where you reside comes under urban local body or Rural local body.

Answer: We are residing in Puttur which comes under urban local body area.

8. Mention the structure of Gram Panchayat.

Answer: Grama Panchayats are formed on the basis of population. Village or group of villages with a population between 5,000 and 7,000 form one Gram Panchayat. Regions of Uttar Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Malnad regions form Grama Panchayat only with the population of 2,000. The members of the grama panchayat are elected by the adult population of the Panchayat area. One representative for 400 voters is elected. Reservation is provided to scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, backward classes and women. The term of office of Gram Panchayat will be for complete five years starting from the day of the first meeting.

9. What are the sources of income of local self-government?

Answer: The main sources of income for local self-government are,

Amount collected through water cess, health cess, education cess, library and reading room cess.

  1. Amount collected through building tax, vacant land tax, taxes on business establishments, markets, entertainment houses and advertising bodies.
  2. Taxes collected from the tourist spots.
  3. Rental and lease amount collected on their properties.
  4. Financial grants from the state government.

10. Mention the need for constituting standing committees in local bodies.

Answer: Standing Committees are formed for the efficient administration of Grama Panchayats. Standing committees are needed in local bodies to enhance citizen participation, improve the efficiency of resource allocation, and provide focused expertise on specific areas like finance, public works, or education. These committees allow for detailed discussion of complex issues, scrutiny of budget and accounts, and help ensure that the local government’s actions are in line with long-term goals and public interest. 

11. List out the group of members who have been provided reservation in the local bodies.

Answer: The group of members who have been provided reservation in the local bodies are,

  1. Scheduled caste
  2. Scheduled tribe
  3. Backward classes
  4. Women.

12. What should be the population to classify an area as town or city?

Answer: An urban area is classified as a town or a city on the basis of the population. An area with a population between 20,000 and 50,000 is considered as a town. Town municipality is the governing body of that area. Similarly an area with a population between 50,000 and 3 lakhs is considered as city. The governing body of that area is called a City Municipality.

13. What are three tiers of Panchayat Raj system in Karnataka?

Answer: The three tiers of the Panchayat Raj system in Karnataka are the Grama Panchayat the village level, the Taluk Panchayat the intermediate taluk level, and the Zilla Panchayat at the district level. This structure was established through the73rd amendment of the Indian constitution and is designed for democratic decentralization. 

Additional Questions:

  1. What are the functions of Local Self Governments?

Answer: The functions of Local Self Governments like Grama Panchayats, Taluk Panchayats and Zilla Panchayats are varied. They are as follows.

  1. To maintain and protect the panchayat property.
  2. To prepare the annual budget of the local body.
  3. To undertake health and family welfare programmes.
  4. To plan and undertake the developmental works like laying of roads, electrification, housing and supply of drinking water, etc.
  5. To encourage and implement the primary, secondary, adult and informal education programmes.
  6. To maintain cleanliness and sanitation of the area.
  7. To prevent all sorts of pollution and to provide better health facilities.
  8. To provide facilities for the distribution of essential commodities like food grains, kerosene etc.
  9. To ensure prompt registration and reporting of birth and deaths.
  10.  To encourage agriculture, animal husbandry, khadi and handicraft industries.
  11.  To undertake the programmes for conservation of soil, water and forest.
  12.  To execute the agricultural extension programmes to help the farmers.
  13.  To plan and implement the welfare schemes for the benefit of sheduled caste, sheduled tribes, backward and weaker sections, persons with disabilities (divyangas) women and children.
  14.  To provide marketing facilities, street lighting facilities and reading room facilities.
  15.  To collect taxes, fees and penalties.
  16.  To identify the beneficiaries for the various projects and welfare programmes of the government.
  17. What are the sources of Income of Local Self Governments?

Answer: The main sources of income for local bodies are,

  1. Amount collected through water cess, health cess, education cess, library and reading room cess.
  2. Amount collected through building tax, vacant land tax, taxes on business establishments, markets, entertainment houses and advertising bodies.
  3. Taxes collected from the tourist spots.
  4. Rental and lease amount collected on their properties.
  5. Financial grants from the state government.
  6. Describe Grama sabha.

Answer: There is no election procedure to Grama Sabha. All the members of Grama or village aged 18 and above can take part in Grama Sabha meetings. The president of Grama Panchayat presides and the members of Grama Panchayat attend the meetings. Grama sabha must meet at least once in six months. Grama sabha discusses the problems of their village and also the welfare measures undertaken for the progress and development of the village. The villagers get chance to give advice. It recommends the names of the beneficiaries to various governmental schemes.

  • What are the functions of Zilla panchayat?

Answer: All the developmental programmes and schemes of the government are implemented through Zilla Panchayats. In addition it has the following functions:

  1. To create an atmosphere of mutual trust, confidence and co-operation between Grama Panchayats, Taluk Panchayats and Zilla Panchayat for successful implementation of government projects and programmes.
  2. To bring about co-ordination among all the departments for successful implementation of programmes and also to supervise such developmental work.
  3. To encourage and provide support for the establishment of co-operative societies, co-operative banks and such other co-operative institutions.
  4. To execute the work as directed by the state government.
  5. What are three types in urban local bodies?

Answer: There are three types in urban local bodies. They are:

1) City Corporation (Mahanagara Palike) – Major cities

2) Pattana Panchayat, Municipal Corporations, Town Municipalities – Towns and Cities

3) Cantonment wards: under the control of Defence ministry.

III Activities:

1. Invite the head or a member of the local body of your area to the school and discuss the problems of your area and also the programmes undertaken to solve such problems.

2. Supposing you are a member of local body of your area, what measures would you undertake to solve the problems of your area?

3. Participate in the gram sabha of any grama panchayat and prepare a report.

IV Projects:

1. Study and collect information about the local bodies which functioned in ancient India.

2. Survey the area in which you live and collect the information about the problems of the area that needs to be attended.

3. Interview any five or six members of the local bodies and collect information about the measures taken by them to improve their wards and prepare a report.

7th Standard, English, Prose Unit 7 – A Tribute to Netaji

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7th Standard, English, Prose Unit 7

A Tribute to Netaji

C. Conversing:

Take turns with your partner to ask and answer the questions given below. Explain to him/her why you think your answer is correct. Quote from the text if necessary. Write down your answers.

  1. How does Subhas’ uniqueness come out in his struggle for freedom? How does he differ from other national leaders? Give two examples.

Answer: In the history of India’s freedom struggle, the place of Subhas Chandra Bose is unique. He was the leader who thought of fighting the brute force of the British by armed force. He had a wonderful organizing capacity. He could raise a modern army of about 75,000 men and women. He inspired them with intense patriotic fervour and a burning desire to free their enslaved motherland.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose. Each led us in his own way. Bose asked Indians to give him their blood, and he would give them freedom. Gandhi promised freedom without violence. That is how he differ from other national leaders like Gandhi ji and others.

  • Subhas was a wonderful organiser. Give three examples for this.

Answer: Subhas was a wonderful organiser. He had a wonderful organizing capacity. He could raise a modern army of about 75,000 men and women. In the Presidency College, Calcutta, he organised a students’ strike to demonstrate against an English Professor who had insultingly pushed away an Indian student. He travelled throughout the country to organize public opinion against the war effort. Subhas went to South-East Asia and organised the Indian National Army (I.N.A.) to fight against the British. The Indian soldiers and civilians at once declared their allegiance to him and began to call him “Netaji.”

  • Subhas was an inspirational figure. Give three examples for this.

Answer: Indian people were joined the Indian National Army in thousands. Women also joined All-Women Army. He was the leader who thought of fighting the brute force of the British by armed force. He could raise a modern army of about 75,000 men and women. He inspired them with intense patriotic fervour and a burning desire to free their enslaved motherland. The Indian soldiers and civilians at once declared their allegiance to him and began to call him “Netaji.” He gave them the inspiring call of “Jai Hind” and “Dilli Chalo.” He was a doer as well as a thinker, and a fighter who never submitted to defeat. In life, he was a natural leader of men, who inspired immense devotion and loyalty.

  • Subhas was broadminded and spiritual. He worked for national integration and he was a man of vision. Give examples.

Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose, demonstrated his broadmindedness and spiritual nature by actively working towards national integration, respecting diverse religious communities, following the teachings of Swami Vivekananda, and advocating for a unified India where caste and religious differences were not barriers, all while pursuing a vision for a free and independent India through revolutionary means. Subhas was broad-minded and looked at India from an international perspective. Subhas actively reached out to Muslim leaders and communities, emphasizing the importance of Hindu-Muslim unity in the freedom struggle. He actively encouraged dialogue and understanding between different religious communities, believing that national unity could only be achieved by embracing diversity.

  • Give an account of the sacrifices Subhash made.

Answer:  Subhas promised his father.to take up the ICS examination, and after a year he came out passing in merit. But his conscience did not allow him to serve the alien rulers even as a height executive he resigned the job to sacrifice his life to serve the motherland. He resigned to join Gandhiji’s call of Non-Cooperation. He resigned from the ICS and gave up his job to lead a life of trials and tribulations and returned to India. Bose went on hunger strike to protest against the ill-treatment of prisoners. These are all the sacrifices if Subhas Chandra Bose.

  • Give an account of Subhash’s adventurous life.

Answer; Subhash Chandra Bose asked Indians to give him their blood, and he would give them freedom. He was the leader who thought of fighting the brute force of the British by armed force. He had a wonderful organizing capacity. He could raise a modern army of about 75,000 men and women. In the Presidency College, Calcutta, he organised a students’ strike to demonstrate against an English Professor who had insultingly pushed away an Indian student. He appear at the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination. After a year, he came out successfully and stood fourth in the order of merit. But his conscience would not allow him to serve the alien rulers even as a high executive. So, he resigned from the ICS and returned to India. Bose settled down as principal of National College at Calcutta. But, Bose gave up his job when Gandhiji started the Non-Cooperation Movement. After his release from the jail, Bose formed the “Swaraj Party” and was appointed the editor of the party’s journal “Forward”. Bose became the Executive Officer of the Calcutta Corporation in 1924 and gained valuable experience of planning and practical administration. Subhas made such an impact on the Congress that he was elected twice as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1938 and 1939. Subhas went to South-East Asia and organised the Indian National Army (I.N.A.) to fight against the British. The Indian soldiers and civilians at once declared their allegiance to him and began to call him “Netaji.” He gave them the inspiring call of “Jai Hind” and “Dilli Chalo.”

  • Subhas worked in many different fields – administration, journalism, education, statesmanship and war. Give examples.

Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose worked in many different fields.

Administrative: He had a wonderful organizing capacity. He could raise a modern army of about 75,000 men and women. He appear at the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination. After a year, he came out successfully and stood fourth in the order of merit. Subhas was elected twice as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1938 and 1939. He worked as principal of National College at Calcutta.

Journalism: After his release Bose formed the “Swaraj Party” and was appointed the editor of the party’s journal “Forward”. Bose became the Executive Officer of the Calcutta Corporation in 1924 and gained valuable experience of planning and practical administration.

Education: Bose appear at the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination. After a year, he came out successfully and stood fourth in the order of merit. He worked as principal of National College at Calcutta.

Statesmanship: Bose was the President of the All India Youth Congress in 1923 and the Secretary of Bengal State Congress.

War: In 1943, Bose proclaimed the formation of the Provisional Government of Free India and declared war on Britain and the United States. He also re-organized the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) with help from the Japanese.

D. Word Formation

a. Write three verbs and make the verbs adjectives by using the suffix “-able.”

Example: eat – eatable.

b. Make six sentences using the verbs and the adjectives you have written.

Example: We gave the fruit to the monkey. The monkey ate the fruit. So we thought the fruit was eatable.

  1. Move – moveable – He is trying to move the vehicle. The vehicle is moveable.
  2. Watch- Watchable – Ramesh was watch the cinema. The cinema was watchable.
  3. Walk – Walkable – Sheela is walking. That was walkable distance.
  4. Enjoy – enjoyable – She have full of enjoy while singing. Her song was enjoyable.
  5. Note – Notable – Police was noted the thief. The crime of thief was notable.

E. Grammar :

The Participale Phrase

You can use the present participle to combine two sentences into one sentence.

a. Siri caught the ball at the boundary line.

b. She prevented a sixer.

c. Catching the ball at the boundary line, Siri prevented a sixer.

a. The weather was rainy.

b. The girls postponed the match.

c. The weather being rainy, the girls postponed the match.

a. Rahman had scored 99.

b. He got out caught.

c. Having scored 99, Rahman got out caught.

Exercise :

Combine these pairs of sentences into single sentences

a. The farmers loaded the paddy bags on their carts.

b. They drove back to the village.

Answer: c. Loading the paddy bags on their carts, the farmers drove back to the village.

a. The weather was windy.

b. The boys came to the field to fly their kites.

Answer: c. The weather was windy, the boys came to the field to fly their kites.

a. Raju had missed the last bus.

b. He walked all the way home.

c. Having missed the last bus, Raju walked all the way home.

Is there a person in your life whom you admire for his/her mental and moral qualities? Do you think you can never forget him/her in your life?

Write a short paragraph about him/her. You can use the title “The Most Unforgettable Person I have met.”

Answer: There are some persons either our parents or one of our teachers eventually become our role model. There a person in our life whom we admire for their mental and moral qualities. That is why we can’t forget them in our life. In some cases media personalities, celebrities and persons of higher status end up becoming our role models. The Most Unforgettable Person in my life is my teacher. He is my role model. His way of teaching and love and care towards me is also unforgettable in my life. Once I was in depression, he was supported me like a doctor.  Then I came out from the depression and succeeded in every aspect of life by his support. So my teacher is the most unforgettable person in my life.

9th Standard, Social, History, CHAPTER 18 – BHAKTI PANTHA

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9th Standard, Social, History, CHAPTER – 18

BHAKTI PANTHA

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Bhakti means pure trust to God.

2. The famous follower of Ramanand was Kabir.

3. Kabir’s followers are called Kabirpanthis.

4. The collection of Chaitanya’s philosophical thoughts is called Chaitanya Charitamruta.

5. The poetic work ‘Ramadhanya Charitre’ was written by Kanakadasa.

II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.

6. Who popularized worship of Rama and Sita? What are his services to society?

Answer: Ramananda popularized worship of Rama and Sita. He established a Vaishnava religious school based on love and devotion. He condemned caste system and allowed people from every caste to join his sect.

7. Who are Sikhs? Which is their holy book?

Answer: The followers of Guru Nanak are called as ‘Sikhs’. ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ is their holy book.

8. The role of Srimantha Shankardeva is prominent in cultural and religious history of Assam. How? Explain.

Answer: The role of Srimantha Shankardeva is prominent in cultural and religious history of Assam. His name is associated with bringing a newness in the culture and the music in India. The Bhakti movement started by him in Assam spread its influence over the other parts of India. The movement started by him was rightly called Ekasarana Dharma or Vaishnava movement. He says we must develop unstinted love for Krishna, sing songs on Him, and by listening to it we acquire devotion to the Lord. He must have good feelings as the servant of God. Srimantha Shankaradeva started Sarniya system (a system of initiation into his movement). He waged against the inequality in the society. He associated with all people to bring in the movement. He says follow religious worship, have faith in Krishna.

9. Explain the concept of Bhakti by Purandaradasa.

Answer: Purandaradasa has contributed immensely to the tradition of Bhakti poetry with his Vaishnava influenced Bhakti poems. He is called as the founding father of ‘Carnatic Music’.

Purandaradasa apart from expressing the importance of devotion as per Vaishnava sect, expressed his concern over false worship and philosophies of life. He criticized caste and creed based discrimination. He rejected false Bhakthi and insisted on inner reflections. He declared without inner purity, external purity is of no use. He said ‘What is the use of cleaning the external filth without cleansing the internal filth’. He also said without faith, the mere dipping in a river is of no use. He sowed the seeds of faith in human life and its worthiness and became the beacon for a life of satisfaction.

10. What are the effects of the Bhakti movement?

Answer: Reform of the Hindu practices and bringing about harmony between Hindus and Muslims were the two main purposes of the Bhakti movement. The reformers were successful in removing many weaknesses in the Hindu society. The regional languages of India flourished since the reformers wrote in these languages. This enabled development of Indian culture.

Additional Questions:

1 . Mention the works and teachings of Chaithanya.

Answer: The works and teachings of Chaithanya are as follows.

  1. He preached that differences of caste can be removed by discipline, and man becomes pure through devotion.
  2. He popularized worship of Krishna. He composed many devotional songs in praise of Krishna.
  3. He opposed caste system and attempted to bring about a sense of brotherhood among the people.
  4. His philosophical thoughts and teachings are collected in the book called “Chaitanya Charitamruta”.

2. What are the teachings of Kabir to the society?

Answer: The teachings of Kabir to the society are,

  1. He condemned caste system and multiple idol worship, and declared that God is one, and he is the same for both Hindus and Muslims.
  2. He tried to bring about harmony and tolerance between the two communities.
  3. Kabir composed couplets in Hindi language known as ‘Dohas’. Hindus and Muslims recite these Dohas even today in North India.

3. Who is Meerabai? What are her services to the society?

Answer: Meerabai was the prin­cess of Mewad. She renounced a life of luxury and became the most devoted follower of Lord Krishna. She composed songs of devotion to­wards Krishna. These are called ‘Bhajans’ and they are very popular. Even today, these bhajans are sung throughout India.

4. Explain the teachings of Kanakadasa to the society in his keerthanas. Mention his works.

Answer: The teachings of Kanakadasa to the society in his keerthanas are as follows.

  1. Kanakadasa put efforts to remove discrimination based on caste and creed as Bakthi saint.
  2. He criticized mere show off bhakthi.
  3. He preached that people could attain moksha through Bhakthi.
  4. He broke the belief propagated by the priestly class that in order to attain moksha one has to be born in higher caste through his Keertanas.
  5. Kanakadasa was a poet, has created literature along with his meaningful Keertanas. He wrote ‘Mohanatharangini’, ‘Nalacharithre’, ‘Ramadhanya Charithre’ and ‘Haribhakthasaara’.

III. Activities.

1. Read the life histories of the Bhakti Pantha reformers.

2. Collect more information about the reformers from your teachers.

IV. Projects:

1. Prepare a detailed project about one of the reformers of the Bhakti pantha. His life, work and achievements.

2. Divide the students into groups and prepare a project about each reformer of Bhakti Pantha.

3. Discuss with the help of teachers about the values contained in the keertanas of Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa.

4. Practise and sing Kanakadasa and Purandaradasa’s keertanas.

3rd Standard, English FL, Prose Unit 7 – KALI AND THE RAT SNAKE

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UNIT 7

PROSE

KALI AND THE RAT SNAKE

New words :

tribe : a group of people living together sharing the same language, customs, religion etc.

trembling: shaking

grin : broad smile

commotion : noise, confusion

I. Tick the right answer :

1. Kali had joined the school two years ago/two months ago/two weeks ago.

2. Kali had ten/many/no friends at school.

3. The children noticed the snake during History/English/Music class.

4. The snake was on the roof/window/bench.

5. Kali was slightly/not at all afraid of the snake.

II. Answer these questions orally :

  1. Where have you seen a snake?

I had seen the snakes around our garden.

  • How do snakes move?

Snakes moves by crawling.

  • What do snakes eat?

Snakes eat rats, frogs etc

  • Are all snakes poisonous?

No. Some of the snakes are not poisonous.

  • How do they help the farmer?

They are moving inside the soil. So it will help the farmer.

III. A. Fill in the blanks with the correct words, choosing from the words in brackets:

1. Kali’s father was a snake-catcher (doctor, snake-catcher).

2. He was from the Irula tribe. (Irula tribe, Thoda tribe).

3. Kali’s teacher was kind (kind, harsh).

4. The snake came into the class from the roof (through the window, from the roof).

5. All the children in the class admired Kali’s courage (courage, foolishness).

B. Write down the answers to the following questions in your notebook:

1. In the beginning of the story, why was Kali not happy to go to school?

Answer: Kali not happy to go to school because, he felt lonely at school because he did not have a single friend. In fact, when he introduced himself to his classmates on the first day of school, everyone laughed at him.

2. What did Kali’s father tell him about rat snakes?

Kali’s father told him “Rat snakes come mistaking the smell of humans to be that of rats.” about rat snakes.

3. When did the children in the class scream?

Suddenly the snake fell down in the middle of the room. Everyone was very scared. Then all the children in the class scream.

4. When did they cheer Kali?

Kali did not show any fear. He quickly grabbed the snake with his hand behind the snake’s head. At that time all the children cheer Kali.

  • How did the behavior of the children change after Kali caught the snake?

Answer: After Kali caught Snake, all the children started dragging Kali by the hand saying, “Kali, you are brave. You must sit next to me.”

IV. A. Match the words in Column A with their opposites in Column B.

A                                  B

Happy              unhappy

first                   last

kind                 cruel

remember       forget

brave               scared

B. Fill in the blanks with the opposite of the underlined adjective.

1. We must be kind to animals; we must not be _______ cruel _______.

2. Kali did not forget his father’s words; he _____ remember _____ them in time.

3. At ___ first _____ children did not want to be Kali’s friends, but at last they all wanted him to sit next to him.  

4. Kali’s family was a happy one; they did not want to see him _____ unhappy ______.

V. What do you think Kali would tell his parents when he went home after the ‘‘snake incident”? Write in three or four sentences.

Before the snake incident there is no friends in school for Kali. After he caught snake, all children become his friends. So Kali was very happy and he is in cheerful mood.  So Kali tell his parents about the change in children’s nature when he went home after the ‘‘snake incident”.

Let’s describe the characters in the story.

  1. Kali was unhappy at school in the beginning.

Kali felt lonely at school because he did not have a single friend. When he introduced himself to his classmates on the first day of school, everyone laughed at him. So Kali was unhappy at school in the beginning.

  • Kali’s father was a brave snake-catcher.

His father was a famous snake-charmer of the Irula tribe. He is catching the snakes and look for different kinds of snakes.

3rd Standard, English First Language, Chapter 8 – The Three friends

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3rd Standard English First Language

Chapter – 8

The Three friends

Answer the following questions:

a. What kind of a boy was Chintoo?

Answer: Chintoo was very naughty boy. He troubled everyone. He would take his friends’ toys and break them. Sometimes he would pinch his friends till they cried.

b. What did he do to Robert in the school?

Answer: The very first day Chintoo stole Robert’s pencil box and pinched him very hard.

c. What happened to Chintoo in the forest?

Answer: Chintoo slipped and fell into a deep pit in the forest. He could not get out.

d. Who helped Chintoo?

Answer: Robert and others helped Chintoo.

e. Do you think Chintoo should have been helped? Why?

Answer: Yes. Chintoo should have been helped.

I. Answer these questions orally:

1. What did the peacock like in the parrot?

Answer: The peacock liked the parrot’s green feathers and red beak.  

2. Why didn’t the peacock and the parrot like the crow?

Answer: Crow was black. So both the parrot and the peacock did not like her.

3. Who came near the parrot’s nest?

Answer: A snake came near the parrot’s nest.

4. How did the crow save the parrot’s eggs?

Answer: The crow saw the snake and attacked it. The snake was frightened and it went away. This is how crow saved the parrot’s eggs.

5. Who attacked the peacock?

Answer: A wicked fox attacked the peacock

II. Answer these questions orally:

  1. Why do you think the crow saved the parrot’s eggs?

Crow believes in helping others is good. She thinks one day others will help her.

  • How do you think a friend should be?

Answer: Friends should be helping each other in any difficulties in a life.

Let us write:

III. A. Write the answers to the following in your notebook.

  1. The parrot liked the peacock-

Answer: c) for his beautiful feathers

  • Why did the parrot thank the crow?

Crow attacked snake and saved parrot’s eggs. So parrot thanked the crow.

3. The peacock could not move because he was seriously ill.

4. How did the crow save the peacock?

Answer: Crow called the other crows for help. Together all of them pecked at the fox and frightened it away. That is how crow saved peacock.

5. What did the parrot and the peacock realize?

Answer: The parrot and the peacock realized that even though they had ignored the crow.

B. Write 4-5 sentences in your notebook about how we should choose our friends.

We are very careful when we are choosing the right friend. It will affect our character also. Some friends are having bad habits and nature. Some friends are always disturbing and irritating others. So we have to choose right friends. Because true friend is a great asset to us.

Let us practice language:

IV. A. Look at the following words and fill in the blanks:

Climb climbed

Frighten ….frightened…………..

Thank ….thanked…………..

attack ….attacked…………..

return …..returned………….

call …..called………….

B. The words in the following are jumbled up. Rearrange them to make meaningful sentences And write them down in your notebooks.

a) beautiful/ peacock/ the/ had/ feathers

The Peacock had beautiful feathers.

b) nest/parrot/eggs/laid/her/in/the/the

The Parrot laid her eggs in the nest.

c) a/attacked/wicked/the/peacock/fox

A wicked fox attacked the peacock.

d) saved/ parrot’s/the/ eggs/crow/the

The Crow saved the parrot’s eggs.

Let us learn new words:

V. A. Write suitable words describing each picture

A _____red________ rose.

A ___beautiful__________ feather.

A _____black________ board.

A _____big________ tree.

A ____long_________ rope

Fill in the blanks choosing their opposites given in the box below

big __small_______

kind ____cruel_____

happy ___sad______

wise ___unwise______

long __short_______

full ___empty______

sad, unwise, short, small, cruel, empty

Some letters are missing in each word. Write OO/UE in each word. One is done for you.

POOL CLUE Write some other words for

stool      qlue   

cool       blue

fool        glue

4th Standard, English, Prose Unit 8 – KNOW YOUR NATION, Poem – A NATION’S STRENGTH

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UNIT – VIII

KNOW YOUR NATION

  1. Answer the following questions:

1. When do we celebrate Independence Day?

     Answer: We celebrate Independence Day on 15th August of every year.

2. Who were ruling India before 15th August, 1947?

            Answer: British government were ruling India before 15th August, 1947

3. Where is the National Emblem taken from?

    Answer: The National Emblem was taken from the Sarnath pillar of Ashoka

II. Who am I ?

I grow in muddy water and float. I’m pinkish red. I’m the national flower.

Answer: Lotus

A potter needs me to give shape. Vehicles cannot run without me. I’m the symbol of progress. You can see me at the centre of the Indian flag.

Answer: Wheel

I’m known for loyalty. I hunt thieves. I guard your house. I’m your friend.

Answer: Dog

  1. a) Photographs of some of our national leaders are given below; recognize and write their names in the space provided.
  1. Gandhiji : Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
  • Shatri : Lal Bahadur Shastri.
  • Nehru: Pandit Jawaharalal Nehru
  • Patel : Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel
  • Lal : Lala Lajapat Roy
  • Bal : Bala Gangadhara Thilak
  • Gokhale : Gopala Krishna Gokhale
  • Maulana Azad – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

A NATION’S STRENGTH

Let us understand:

I. Fill in the blanks with the suitable rhyming words picking them from the poem.

make: sake

strong: long

deep: sleep

sky: fly

II. Answer the following questions:

  1. What makes a nation great and strong according to the poet?

Answer: Only men or soldiers makes a nation great and strong according to the poet.

  • What do the brave men do while others sleep?

Answer: The brave men work while others sleep.

4th Standard, EVS, LESSON 25 – OUR STATE – OUR PRIDE

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4th Standard, EVS LESSON – 25

     OUR STATE – OUR PRIDE

With the help of the map, write the names of the states of India.

  1. Andhra Pradesh
  2. Arunachal Pradesh
  3. Assam
  4. Bihar
  5. Chhattisgarh
  6. Goa
  7. Gujarat
  8. Haryana
  9. Himachal Pradesh
  10. Jharkhand
  11. Karnataka
  12. Kerala
  13. Madhya Pradesh
  14. Maharashtra
  15. Manipur
  16. Meghalaya
  17. Mizoram
  18. Nagaland
  19. Odisha
  20. Punjab
  21. Rajasthan
  22. Sikkim
  23. Tamil Nadu
  24. Telangana
  25. Tripura
  26. Uttar Pradesh
  27. Uttarakhand
  28. West Bengal

Total number of states in India is 28.

 The direction in which Karnataka is situated in the map of India is South.

Write the names of districts that come under natural regions.

1. The districts of western coastal region: Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada

2. The districts of malnad region: Chikkamagalur, Chamarajanagar, Hassan, Kodagu, Shimogga

3. The districts of northern plain region: Bagalakote, Bijapur, Gadaga, Dharawad, Haveri, Belagavi, Bellary, Bidar, Kalburgi, Koppal, Raichur, Vijayanagara, Yadagiri

4. The districts of southern plain region: Bangalore Urban,Bangalore Rural, Chikkaballapur,    Kolar, Mysuru, Mandya, Tumakuru, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Chamarajanagar, Ramanagara

Answer the following.

What is the other name of western coastal region?

Answer: The other names of western coastal region are Karavali, Kanara, Konkan

Which is the main occupation of the people of western coastal region?

Answer: Fishing, Agriculture and tourism are the main occupation of the people of western coastal region.

Match the following.

A                                          B

Jungle fowl                          bird

Shark                                   aquatic animal

arecanut                              crop

iron                                     mineral

Karwar                                main city

You have learnt about malnad region, haven’t you? Match the following.

A                                                   B

Sahyadri                           mountain range

Manganese                      mineral

Sandal wood                    state tree

Sleder loris                       rare animal

Make a list of the important things in relation to malnad region.

Trees – Jackfruit, Sandalwood, Hebbalasu, Honne, silk cotton tree, teak, nandi, rosewood etc.

Crops – Paddy, Coconut, Coffee, Arecanut, Cardamom, black pepper, Tea and spices

Cities – Madikeri, Chikkamagalur, Hassan, Shivamogga

Answer the following.

What types of forests are found in northern plains?

Answer:  The northern plains of Karnataka have moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous forests, and thorny scrubs. Evergreen forests, Semi-evergreen forests, Coastal mangroves and Shola forests also found in these places.

Which is the main occupation of the people of northern plains?

Answer: Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of northern plains. Wheat, jowar, sugarcane, bajra, millet, tobacco, groundnut and oil seeds are the major crops of northern plains.

Make a list of the relevant factors of northern plains.

Important minerals – copper, limestone, iron, gold
Important animals – Monitor lizard, garden lizard, snake, wolf, fox, hyena and mangoose.
Important crops – Wheat, jowar, sugarcane, bajra, millet, tobacco, groundnut and oil seeds Identify the wrong statements related to southern plains. Correct the wrong statements and write them. • Southern plains are flat. – False.  Southern plains are not flat. • The important animal of this region is wolf. – True • The important occupation is fishery. – False, The important occupation is   Agriculture and dairy farming. • The important mineral is mica. – True Rivers in Karnataka – Krishna, Ghataprabha, Sharavathi, Kali, Malaprabha, Bhima, Aghanashini, Thungabhadra, Cauvery, Netravathi, Hemavathi, Kabini.   West Flowing rivers – Sharavathi, Kali, Netravathi, Aghanashini East Flowing rivers – Krishna, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Bhima, Thungabhadra, Cauvery, Hemavathi, Kabini. Know these with the help of your teacher/elders. The perennial river of Karnataka is Cauvery. The longest river of Karnataka is Krishna.  

Write four sentences about any important city of your district.

Answer: Our district is Dakshina Kannada is located in western coastal region of Karnataka state. Mangaluru is the main city of this district. Mangaluru is well known for port, beaches, Airport and many tourism places. Many famous temples are around this city. Temples like Dharmasthala, Kukke Subrahmanya, Kudroli, Polali, Kateelu are always visited by thousands of devotees every day.

Historical places and the districts where they are situated are given below. Match them.

A                                              B

1. Halebeedu                                           Hassan

2. Badami                                                 Bagalkote

3. Golgumbuz                                           Vijayapura

4. Stone fort                                             Chitradurga

5. Sulthan Batheri                                    Dakshina Kannada

Write four lines about any historical place of your place or district.

Answer: Dakshina Kannada, a district in Karnataka, has many historical places to visit, including temples, monasteries, and other sites. Kukke Subramanya Temple is one of the popular temple in our district. Considered to be the abode of “nagas”, this temple is dedicated to Lord Subramanya. There are thousands of devotees visiting every day to this temple.

Historical places and natural resorts are the symbols of national pride in our state. It is our responsibility to protect them. Some statements are given below. Identify the right and wrong statements.

Engraving or writing names on historical monuments.  –  Wrong

Keeping silence in bird sanctuaries. – Right

Troubling the tourists of historical places and natural resorts. – Wrong

Hunting animals in natural resorts. – Wrong

Using places near historical places for nature’s call. – Wrong

Write four lines about a place of attraction that you like. Answer: The place which I like most is the Jog falls. Jog falls, the highest waterfall in India is in Shivamogga district of Karnataka. Jog Falls is a waterfall on the Sharavati river located in the Western Ghats running between Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts of Karnataka, India. It is the third highest plunge waterfall in India. It is a segmented waterfall which depends on rain and season to become a plunge waterfall. There are thousands of people are visiting this falls every day.   Do you know this? In 2014, Andhra pradhesh state was divided into two states namely, Andhra pradhesh and Telangana. In 2019, Jammu and Kashmir state was divided into two Union Territories namely, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.The river Cauvery takes its birth at Talakaveri of Brahmagiri hill in Kodagu district.Bengaluru is famous for information technology. So it is also called Silicon city.In Asia, the first hydro electricity generating station was established in 1902 at Shivanasamudra of Mandya district.Jog falls, the highest waterfall in India is in Shivamogga district of Karnataka.Saint Mary’s or Thonsepar island of western coastal regions of India has the hexagonal shaped rock structures.Hampi and Pattadakal, the historical places of Karnataka are in the list of world heritage sites.     

6th Standard, English Second Language, Prose Unit 7 – NEERJA BHANOT: BRAVE IN LIFE, BRAVE IN DEATH

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UNIT – 7

PROSE

NEERJA BHANOT: BRAVE IN LIFE, BRAVE IN DEATH

  1. Who is the air hostess mentioned in the report?

 Neerja Bhanot was the air hostess mentioned in the report.

  • Who honoured her?

Indian government honoured her with the highest civilian award for bravery, the Ashoka Chakra.

  • Why was she honoured?

She died while saving passengers from terrorists in Aeroplane.

  • Who hijacked the plane?

The Terrorists hijacked the plane.

Now, read the lesson and find answers for the following questions:

  1. Who were Neerja’s parents?

Rama Bhanot and Harish Bhanot are parentd of Neerja.

  • When did she join Pan Am Airlines?

Neerja Bhanot joined Pan Am Airlines in 1986

  • Who escaped from the aircraft? Why?

Co-pilot and the flight engineer were escaped from the aircraft. Because flight was hijacked by four heavily armed terrorists. Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers to escape.

  • How did Neerja die?

Neerja died while shielding three children from a hail of bullets.

C1. Discuss the following questions in small groups and answer them in a sentence each:

  1. Where did Neerja study?

Neerja was studied in Sacred Heart Senior Secondary School, Chandigarh, Bombay Scottish School and St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai

  • Why was the flight described as ‘ill-fated’?

The flight described as ‘ill-fated’ because it was hi-jacked by the terrorists.

  • Name the highest civilian award for bravery given by the Indian government.

‘Ashoka Chakra’ is the highest civilian award for bravery given by the Indian government.

4. Name the flight that was hijacked. When and where did this happen?

Name of the flight that hijacked was ‘Pan Am Flight 73’. It happened on September 5,     1986 at 5 A.M in Karachi Airport of Pakistan.

  • Who did the terrorists shoot first?

The hijackers immediately shooted a passenger first,  who identified himself to the terrorists as an American.

  • What did the pilot, co-pilot and the flight engineer do when they heard about the hijack? Do you think they were right in doing so?

The three-member cockpit crew of pilot, co-pilot and the flight engineer were able to flee from the aircraft and ran away from the aircraft. I think they were right to do so. Because if they stay there, the terrorists would have forced to take the aircraft to unknown area and would have killed all the passengers.

  • Did Neerja hide the passports of the Americans? Why/ Why not?

Yes. Neerja, hide the passports of the 40 Americans on board. Because terrorists wants to identify and kill the Americans.

  • Why is Neerja called ‘the heroine of the hijack’?

Neerja alerted the cockpit crew about the hijack. As the plane was on the tarmac, the three-member cockpit crew of pilot, co-pilot and the flight engineer were able to flee from the aircraft. Neerja, being the most senior cabin crew member on board, took charge. Neerja, hide the passports of the 40 Americans on board. Because terrorists wants to identify and kill the Americans. When the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives. Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers to escape. She did not herself escape. She died while shielding three children from a hail of bullets. That is why is Neerja called ‘the heroine of the hijack’.

  • What is your ambition in life? Do you want to become an air hostess or a pilot or a flight engineer?

I want to become Pilot or Air Hostess.

C2. Arrange the following sentences in an order to make a meaningful paragraph.

1. After 17 hours, the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives.

2. Acting quickly, Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers escape.

3. Neerja was the Senior Flight Purser on a Pan Am flight which was hijacked at Karachi airport.

4. She hid the passports of the Americans as the hijackers wanted to execute Americans.

5. Neerja laid down her life, while saving hundreds of others.

6. Neerja comforted the passengers, especially the elderly and small children.

Answer:

  1. Neerja was the Senior Flight Purser on a Pan Am flight which was hijacked at Karachi airport.
  2. She hid the passports of the Americans as the hijackers wanted to execute Americans.
  3. Neerja comforted the passengers, especially the elderly and small children.
  4. After 17 hours, the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives.
  5. Acting quickly, Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers escape.
  6. Neerja laid down her life, while saving hundreds of others.

C3. Which of the following statements are true about Neerja? Tick them :

1. Neerja was the senior most cabin crew on the aircraft. – True

2. Neerja escaped from the flight when the terrorists opened fire. – False

3. She showed the passports of all the passengers to the hijackers. – False

4. She received the Ashoka Chakra award for her act of bravery from the Civil Aviation Minister. – True

C4. Write a short paragraph, in your own words, about Neerja.

            Neerja Bhanot was born on 7 September 1963 in Chandigarh, India. After her education she joined Pan Am Airlines in 1986 as Air hostess. When She was the senior flight purser on the ill-fated Pan Am Flight 73. This flight was hijacked by four heavily armed terrorists in Karachi. Neerja alerted the cockpit crew about the hijack. Neerja, and the other attendants under her charge, hid the passports of the 40 Americans on board, because terrorists wants to kill Americans. When the hijackers opened fire and set off explosives, Neerja opened the emergency door and helped a number of passengers to escape. She did not herself escape. She died while shielding three children from a hail of bullets. Neerja was recognised internationally as “the heroine of the hijack”. She is the youngest recipient of the Ashoka Chakra, India’s highest civilian award for bravery.

C5. Which of the following words are related to airport / flight? Underline them:

crew    driver    runway           kidnap             check-in           pilot air hostess cabin cockpit overtake             hijack               traffic police                depot               emergency door

G3. Some words are missing in the following sentences. Add those words and complete the sentences. (One word is missing in each sentence)

e.g. Neerja Bhanot a brave woman.

Neerja Bhanot was a brave woman.

1. Neerja Bhanot was born in Chandigarh.

2. Rama Bhanot and Harish Bhanot were her parents.

3. She was the senior most cabin crew member.

4. Neerja hid the passports of the American passengers.

5. She did not escape.

  6. She is youngest recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.

6th Standard, English, SUPPLEMENTARY READING, Chapter 1 – THE NEW FLOWER

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6th Standard, English, SUPPLEMENTARY READING Chapter 1

THE NEW FLOWER

1. This is an interesting story. Did you enjoy reading it? Now you have to tell your partner about some interesting points you must have noted.

a. At the beginning, the story tells us that two people – a man and a girl – have become friends. (True / not true)

            Answer: True

b. The man’s name is Ruskin Bond. The girl’s name is Usha.

            Answer: Ruskin Bond and Usha.

c. The man is a writer. The girl is a school girl.

d. The girl is a good student.

e. The man and the girl share a common interest. They both keep looking for new species.

f. They are both attracted by

i. a new flower.

ii. the goats that they meet.

iii. the rain clouds in the Himalayas.

iv. the cold winds that hum and whistle through the pines.

Answer: a new flower.

g. On Yugadi day the man finds a new flower. (True / not true)

Answer: True

h. We call this day Yugadi. What do people in Himachal Pradesh call it?

            Answer: Basant Panchami

i. The girl predicts a heavy rain on that day. (True / not true)

            Answer: True

j. The man teaches the girl how a plant seeds. (True / not true)

Answer: Not True

k. Who saved the plant from the goats? How?

            Answer: The girl named Usha saved the plant from the goats. She unfurled her pretty blue umbrella and advanced on the goat shouting at it in goat language.

l. The girl knows the goat language because she had her own goats at home.

m. A year passes. The plant withers. (True / not true)

            Answer: Not True

n. The two friends could not say that the new flower was their discovery because they did not know its botanical name.

       Answer: They did not know its botanical name.

o. The author had wondered what its name could be. But the villagers had given it the name Basant

            Answer: Basant

p. What Latin name is given for another flower in the story? (Botany gives Latin names for trees, plants, flowers and fruits.)

Answer: The Latin name is given for another flower in the story is ‘Nasturtiums’

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