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10th Standard Social Science, Chapter 19 – ‘INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE’ – Solutions

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I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

  1. The last Governor General of the British India was _______.

Answer: Lord Mountbatten

  • The first Home Minister of India was ______________.

Answer: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

  • The first President of India was _____________.

Answer: Babu Rajendra Prasad

  • Pondicherry joined India as a Union Territory in _________.

Answer: 1954

  • The linguistic organization of India took place in __________.

Answer: 1953

II Discuss the following in groups and answer them:

6. What were the problems faced by India after Independence?

Answer: The declaration of the British government on the 3rd of June 1947, based on the report of Lord Mountbatten, formed the basis for the creation of two independent countries called India and Pakistan. August 15th 1947 was a day of joy and sorrow for Indians. Although Indians were not in favour of separate countries for Hindus and Muslims, it became inevitable due to the ‘Divide and Rule’ policy of the British. Many problems cropped up along with independence. Many questions like rehabilitation of refugees, communal riots, formation of government, integration of various provinces, production of food, development of agriculture, growth of industries etc. had to be dealt with.

7. How did the country deal with the problem of refugees?

Answer: The problem of refugees was one of the worst problems resulting from the partition of India. Due to the division, people had to migrate from Pakistan to India leaving their homes,familiar environment, property etc., and go to a new place. The burden of providing shelter, employment, land, education, health care, conducive social environment to these refugees fell on the government. Many efforts went into this process of rehabilitation.

8. Describe the manner in which Pondicherry was liberated from the French.

Answer: The French colonies had continued their hold on Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Chandranagar in post-independence India. As a result of the struggle by the Congress, the Communists and other organizations urging that it should be a part of India, in 1954, these provinces joined India. Pondicherry was declared a Union territory in 1962. Pondicherry was renamed as puducherry in 2006.

9. How was Goa liberated from the Portuguese?

Answer:  An endless struggle took place demanding the inclusion of Goa which was under the imperialist rule of Portugal, with India. Though they were ordered to give up Goa, the Portuguese brought in additional troops from Africa and Europe, and tried to strengthen their hold by suppressing the movement. In 1955, satyagrahis from different parts of India gathered at Goa and began a liberation movement demanding that the imperialists quit Goa. In 1961, the Indian army intervened and took Goa under its control. Goa which remained a Union Territory till 1987, became a state later on.

10. Why was the state re-organisation commission formed by the government of India in 1953?

Answer; The administration was not effective during the times of the British and the princely kingdoms because the language used for administration was different from the language of the common man. In this backdrop, the desire for linguistic formation of states was intense. After Potty Sriramulu, under the aegis of the Andhra Mahasabha, went on a fast-unto- death satyagraha for 58 days and then died in 1952 demanding the formation of Vishalandhra state, this demand became much more severe. In 1953 the government formed Justice Fazal Ali Commission in which Fazal Ali was the Chairman, K.M.Panickker and H.N.Kunjru were the members. In 1953 Andhra Pradesh became the first state to be formed based on language. As per the report of the Commission, the State Reorganisation Act came into force in 1956. Accordingly, 14 States and 6 Union Territories were formed in the country.

IV Projects:

I . Make a list of the capitals and administrative languages of the states in India.

    1. Karnataka: Capital: Bengaluru, Official language: Kannada
    1. Kerala: Capital: Trivandrum, Official language: Malayalam
    2. Madhya Pradesh: Capital: Bhopal, Official language: Hindi
    3. Maharashtra: Capital: Mumbai, Official language: Marathi
    4. Andhra Pradesh: Capital: Amaravati, Official language: Telugu
    5. Arunachal Pradesh: Capital: Itanagar, Official language: English
    6. Assam: Capital: Dispur, Official language: Assamese
    7. Bihar: Capital: Patna, Official language: Hindi
    8. Chhattisgarh: Capital: Raipur, Official language: Chhattisgarhi
    9. Goa: Capital: Panaji, Official language: Konkani
    10. Gujarat: Capital: Gandhinagar, Official language: Gujarati
    11. Haryana: Capital: Chandigarh, Official language: Haryanvi
    12. Himachal Pradesh: Capital: Shimla, Official language: Hindi
    13. Jammu and Kashmir: Capital: Srinagar (summer), Jammu (winter), Official language: Urdu
    14. Jharkhand: Capital: Ranchi, Official language: Hindi
    15. Manipur: Capital: Imphal, Official language: Manipuri
    16. Meghalaya: Capital: Shillong, Official language: English
    17. Mizoram: Capital: Aizawl, Official language: Mizo
    18. Nagaland: Capital: Kohima, Official language: English
    19. Odisha: Capital: Bhubaneswar, Official language: Oriya
    20. Punjab: Capital – Chandigarh, Language – Punjabi
    21. Rajastan: Capital – Jaipur, Language – Hindi
    22. Sikkim: Capital – Gangtok, Language – Nepali
    23. Tamil Nadu: Capital – Chennai, Language – Tamil
    24. Telangana: Capital – Hyderabad, Language – Telugu
    25. Tripura: Capital – Agartala, Language – Bengali and Kokborok
    26. Uttar Pradesh: Capital – Lucknow, Language – Hindi
    27. Uttarakhand: Capital – Dehradun, Language – Hindi
    28. West Bengal: Capital – Kolkata, Language – Bengali

    II. With the help of your teacher, learn about the cultural significance of our neighbouring states.

    The cultural significance of our neighbouring states.

    Karnataka: Karnataka is known as the cradle of temple architecture, with the Southern Vimana and Northern Rekhaprasada styles evolving in the Malaprabha valley. Karnataka has a rich musical heritage, including the Karnatic music school and Gamaka. The Mysore school of painting is known for its simplicity and intricate detailing. Tribal art is another indigenous art form. Karnataka has distinctive styles of sculpture, including Chalukya, Hoysala, and Vijayanagara. 

    Andhra Pradesh: Andhra Pradesh is famous for its classical dance forms, including Kuchipudi, Vilasini Natyam, Bhamakalapam, and Butta Bommalu (stick puppetry). The region is home to many architectural marvels, including the ancient city of Amaravati, and the temples of Tirupati, Srisailam, and Simhachalam. Karnatak (South Indian) music has derived much from Andhra roots. The state is known for its traditional handloom products like Pochampally and Mangalgiri sarees, as well as Kalamkari fabric. Kondapalli toys, made from softwood and beautifully painted, are also popular souvenirs. 

    Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu’s architecture is characterized by Dravidian style, which includes grand temples with intricate gopurams. The state also has rock-cut caves and monolithic temples, such as the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram, which was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form that originated in Tamil Nadu.  Tamil Nadu’s cuisine is known for dishes like idli, dosa, rasam, sambar, and pongal. Rice is a staple food, and is often served with sambar and coconut chutney. Tamil Nadu has many festivals, including Pongal, Tamil New Year, Thaipusam, Karthikai Deepam, Aadi Perukku, Panguni Uthiram, and Vaikasi Visakam. Tamil Nadu has a rich literary heritage that includes the Sangam literature, Tirukkural, and the contributions of authors during the Tamil Renaissance.  Women often wear colorful silk saris, especially on special occasions, while men traditionally wear dhotis. Tamil Nadu is known for its Tanjore paintings, brass and bronze work, and Kanchipuram silk sarees.

    Kerala: Kerala is known for its music forms, including Sopanam and Opana, and is home to legendary music maestros like K.J. Yesudas and Raveendran.  Kerala is known for its art forms, including Kathakali, a classical dance-drama that combines opera, ballet, masque, and pantomime. Other art forms include Mohiniyattam, a dance known for its graceful movements and expressive gestures. Kerala is also known for its handicrafts, such as wood carvings, metalwork, and pottery.  Kerala’s architecture is marked by intricately carved temples and traditional wooden homes.  Kerala is known for its martial art form, Kalaripayattu, which is believed to be one of the oldest martial arts in the world. Kerala’s festivals include Onam, Vishu, Eid, and Thrissur Pooram. The Navarathna ring, featuring nine precious gemstones, is a highly auspicious piece of jewelry traditionally worn in Kerala. Kerala was once home to Nagaradhana, or snake worship, which was practiced by nearly every Hindu community in the state. 

    Maharashtra: Maharashtra is known for its colorful festivals, including Ganesh Chaturthi, Naag Panchmi, and Gudi Padwa. Maharashtra has spicy regional cuisines, and traditional dinner items are arranged in a circular way. Men wear dhotis, which are long cloths wrapped around the legs, and women wear saris, which are colorful cloths wrapped around the body. Popular traditional forms of dance and music include Koli, Powada, and Lavani. Maharashtra has many heritage sites, including the Gateway of India, Ajanta and Ellora Caves, and Raigad Fort.

    9th Standard – English – UNIT 8 PROSE – ‘THE STORY-TELLER’ – Solutions

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    C1. Answer the following questions in a sentence each :

    1. Who were the occupants of the carriage?

      Answer: The occupants of the carriage were a small girl, and a smaller girl, and a small boy.

      2. What questions haunted Cyril when he saw sheep in the field?

      Answer: “Why are those sheep being driven out of that field?” The questions haunted Cyril when he saw sheep in the field.

      3. What made the aunt decide that the bachelor was a hard and unsympathetic man?

      Answer: The frown on the bachelor’s face was deepening to a scowl. So the aunt decided that the bachelor was a hard and unsympathetic man.

      4. Who saved the little girl in the aunt’s story?

      Answer: Little girl saved from a mad bull by a number of rescuers who admired her moral character.

      5. Name the little girl in the bachelor’s story.

      Answer: ‘Bertha’ was the name of a little girl in the bachelor’s story.

      6. What remark of the bachelor’s story created a wave of reaction in favour of the story?

      Answer: “but she was horribly good.” said the bachelor. The word horrible in connection with goodness was a novelty that commended itself. This remark of the bachelor’s story created a wave of reaction in favour of the story.

      7. How did the prince of the country come to know about Bertha?

      Answer: Everybody talked about Bertha’s goodness. So the Prince of the country got to hear about it and came to know about Bertha.

      8. How did the prince of the country honour Bertha?

      Answer: Prince said that as she was so very good she might be allowed once a week to walk in his park, which was just outside the town. This is how prince of the country honoured Bertha.

      9. Why was it a great honour for Bertha being allowed into the Prince’s park?

      Answer: Prince’s park was a beautiful park, and no children were ever allowed in it, so it was a great honour for Bertha to be allowed to go there.

      10. When did Bertha begin to wish that she had never been allowed into the park?

        Answer: Bertha saw the wolf and saw that it was stealing towards her in the park, and she began to wish that she had never been allowed to come into the park.

        11. The wolf located Bertha while she was hiding in the bushes by

        a) sniffing around

        b) the clinking sound of the medals

        c) her spotlessly white and clean pinafore.

        Answer: a) sniffing around

        12. What was the aunt’s reaction to the bachelor’s story?

          Answer: Aunt’s reaction to the bachelor’s story was “A most improper story to tell to young children! You have undermined the effect of years of careful teaching.”

          C2. Work in pairs and answer the following in a few lines each:

          1. How did the bachelor describe

          a) The pigs in the park

                      Answer: There were lots of little pigs running all over the place in the park. The colours of pigs was Black with white faces, white with black spots, black all over, grey with white patches, and some were white all over. There were no flowers in the park because the pigs had eaten them all the flowers.

          b) The fish in the park?

                      Answer: There were lots of other delightful things in the park. There are many fishes in the park. There were ponds with gold and blue and green fish in them.

          c) The wolf in the park

          Answer: Enormous wolf came prowling into the park to see if it could catch a fat little pig for its supper. The Wolf was Mud-colour all over, with a black tongue and pale grey eyes that gleamed with unspeakable ferocity.

          2. What qualities of Bertha earned her the three medals?

                      Answer: Bertha won several medals for goodness, which she always wore, pinned on to her dress. There was a medal for obedience, another medal for punctuality, and a third for good behaviour.

          3. Give reasons for

          a) the absence of sheep in the prince’s park.

                      Answer: There were no sheep in the park, because the prince’s mother had once had a dream that her son would either be killed by a sheep or else by a clock falling on him. For this reason the Prince never kept sheep in his park or a clock in his palace.

          b) The absence of flowers in the prince’s park.

                      Answer: There were no flowers in the prince’s park because the pigs had eaten all those flowers.

          c) Bertha feeling sorry for the absence of flowers in the prince’s park.

                      Answer: Bertha was feeling sorry to find that there were no flowers in the prince’s park. Because she had promised her aunts, with tears in her eyes, that she would not pick any of the kind Prince’s flowers, and she had meant to keep her promise, so of course it made her feel silly to find that there were no flowers to pick.”

          4. What are the two different thoughts of Bertha on her being extraordinarily good, when she was in the prince’s park?

          Answer: The two different thoughts of Bertha on her being extraordinarily good, when she was in the prince’s park are,

          1. ‘If I were not so extraordinarily good I should not have been allowed to come into this beautiful park and enjoy all that there is to be seen in it.’
          2. “If I had not been so extraordinarily good I should have been safe in the town at this moment.”

          C3. Discuss in groups and answer the following questions.

          1. How did the medals earn respect for Bertha, as well as cause her death?

          Answer: Bertha won several medals for goodness, which she always wore, pinned on to her dress. There was a medal for obedience, another medal for punctuality, and a third for good behaviour. These medals are the respect for Bertha.

          The wolf was just moving away when he heard the sound of the medals of Bertha clinked again and again in a bush quite near him. He dashed into the bush, his pale grey eyes gleaming with ferocity and triumph, and dragged Bertha out and devoured her to the last morsel.

          2. The aunt terms the bachelor’s story as the most improper one. Do you agree with her? Give reasons.

          Answer: Yes. The aunt terms the bachelor’s story as the most improper one. I agree with her in one view. Reasons for my Disagree.

          1. That was Prince’s Park. There were nobody secures the park. Definitely there must be security persons to secure the small girls like Bertha.
          2. If there is wolf walks around freely every day, then it should be not a park.
          3. Small girl walking alone in a entire park.
          4. Nobody wears medals when they are walking in a park.
          5. Moral of the story of the bachelor – our goodness gets punished.
          6. Story of bachelor is technically good. But lot of negative contents. In a story of a children – “good things and persons should always rewarded”

          2. What elements in the bachelor’s story appealed to the children?

            Answer: The elements in the bachelor’s story appealed to the children because,

            1. There is an unexpected twist in bachelor’s story.
            2. Bachelor is convinced the children and his answers are accurate to children’s questions.
            3. Different kind of subject in the story.

            3. How would the story have ended if Bertha had not pinned the medals on her pinafore?

              Answer: If Bertha had not pinned the medals on her pinafore,

              1. Wolf will leave the place without any harm to Bertha.
              2. Wolf doesn’t found the place which Bertha was hide.
              3. She would always being proud of her character and being extraordinary good.

              V1. Match the words in column ‘A’ with their meaning in column ‘B’;

              Answer:

              A                                              B

              1. banish                                 expel

              2. humble                               modest

              3. domicile                              the place where a person lives

              4. foul-smelling                      stinking

              5. predator                             an animal that hunts, kills and eats other animals

              6. flip                                       turn quickly

              V2. Which of the following expressions is correct?

              1. a flock of birds / a flight of birds.

                Answer: a flight of birds

                2. a swarm of insects / a colony of insects.

                Answer: a swarm of insects

                3. a herd of goats / a flock of goats.

                Answer: a herd of goats

                4. a troupe of actors / a company of actors.

                Answer: a troupe of actors

                5. a wad of bank notes / a roll of bank notes.

                Answer: a wad of bank notes

                6. a pack of cards / a deck of cards.

                Answer: a deck of cards

                7. a team of experts / a panel of experts.

                Answer: a panel of experts

                8. a bunch of grapes / a cluster of grapes.

                Answer: a bunch of grapes

                V3. Write the synonyms and antonyms for the following words

                                                    Synonyms                                           antonyms

                calm,                           quiet, rest, peace                             violence, unrest, atruggle

                ignore,                        neglect, carelessness                        care, heed

                gentle,                         moderate, mild                                rough

                curious,                       interested                                       uninterested

                humble,                      humility, modest, timid                     conceited, vain, arrogant  

                revive,                        renovate, restore, renew                   weaken, replace, return

                encounter,                  arrive, clash, meet                             depart, rebuff

                pleasant,                    agreeable, amusing, pleasing            painful, unpleasant

                deter,                        discourage, hinder,                            encourage, prompt

                warm,                       hot, welcoming, cordial                     cold, reticent, indifferent

                 dignified,                 reputed, honor, stately                     disrepute, undignified

                charming                 pleasing, beautiful, delightful                displeasing, ugly, unattractive

                9th Social Science – Chapter 26 – ‘Community’ – Solutions

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                I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

                1. __________ means a group of people living in a specific area and leading a common, social life.

                Answer: Community

                2. The cornerstone of Indian society is ________ community.

                Answer: Rural community

                3. The tribes of the eastern region belong to the _______ race.

                Answer: Mongolian race

                II. Answer the following questions.

                4. What is meant by a ‘city’?

                Answer: A city is the permanent settlement of people having high population density and variety of social strata.

                5. What does industrialisation suggest?

                Answer: In Industrialisation villagers were brought to cities and industrial centers. Not only did the villagers desert their villages and take shelter in cities, but they also accepted the available opportunities to work. Geographical and industrial movement brought people closer. Railways and surface transport like buses brought people together. More than anything else, industrialisation changed our social environment and created cities.

                6. Explain the term ‘village’.

                Answer: A group of people leading a simple life in a limited land area is called a village. The village is a small group of people who not only engage in agriculture for their livelihood but also follow it as a way of life.

                7. How does anthropology define ‘tribe’?

                Answer: Anthropology defines a tribe thus: ‘a group usually restricted to a specific geographical area, having its own language, cultural harmony and social organization’.

                8. Explain the features of a city.

                Answer: The features of a city are,

                1. Social diversity

                2. Anonymity

                3. Increased social movement

                4. Greater emphasis on individualism, materialistic comfort and privacy

                5. Development of associations and unions

                6. Families of small size

                7. Fast pace of social reforms

                9. List out the features of a rural community.

                Answer: The features of a rural community are,

                1. Small community

                2. Harmonious relationships

                3. Social untiy

                4. Informal system of control

                5. Prominence of undivided families

                6. Prominence of agriculture

                7. Influence of nature

                8. Influence of the neighbourhood

                9. Simplicity

                10. Increased religious involvement

                11. Traditional opinions

                12. Wide-spread caste system

                13. Illiteracy, poverty etc.

                10. What are the problems of rural communities?

                Answer: The problems of rural communities are,

                1. Agricultural problems

                2. Problems related to cottage industries

                3. Illiteracy, poverty and unemployment

                4. Lack of proper health facilities

                5. Lack of civic amenities

                11. Identify the unique features of tribal communities.

                Answer: The unique features of tribal communities are,

                1. Common geographical area

                2. Group of family/cluster of families

                3. Inter-relatedness

                4. Common language

                5. Simplicity and self-contained nature

                6. Common religion

                7. Common culture

                8. Common name

                9. Sense of unity

                10. Illiteracy

                12. How are the Indian tribes classified?

                Answer: Indian tribes have been geographically classified into three groups. They are,

                1. Tribals of the North East region
                2. Tribals of the Central region
                3. The Southern tribes

                Class 9 Social – Political Science, CHAPTER – 23 ‘NATIONAL INTEGRATION’ – Solutions

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                I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

                1. Republic Day is our__________ festivals.

                Answer: National

                2. Number of languages recognised as official languages in our constitution is __________

                Answer: 22

                3. Our National Animal is ____________ .

                Answer: Tiger

                4. Our National Bird is ____________ .

                Answer: Peacock

                II. Answer the following questions after group discussion.

                5. What is meant by ‘Nationalism’?

                Answer: The feeling of people about their living land is their motherland and the feeling of brotherhood among the people and equal participation of people in nation’s Joys and Sorrows is Nationalism.

                6. What is ‘National Unity’?

                Answer: National Unity refers to that situation where all the people of the country feel they are one although there are differences with regard to race, religion, culture and language.

                7. What are the factors that lead to unity in diversity?

                Answers: The factors that lead to unity in diversity are,

                1. Geographical unity: The Himalayan Mountain Range, the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea separate India from the rest of the world. The Singing of the national anthem by people living geographically signifies the unity of the nations.
                2. Political unity : Homogeneous since time immemorial, India has achieved political unity through a single constitution, uniform laws, educational system, Judicial system, strong central government administrations.
                3. Religious unity : India is a multi religious nation. There are relegions like Hindusim, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam, Parsi etc. Every religion is celebrating its own festivals. People of one religion and people of another religion participates in the festivals. It creates unity.
                4. Linguistic unity : India is a home to many languages. Sanskrit is the root of most languages. There are people in India who speak different languages. Every state has its own language and literature. However, linguistic unity has not been affected. People of one language respect other languages.
                5. Cultural unity : Although there are different races and religions in India, cultural unity can be seen everywhere. Although the people of different parts have their own cultural diversity like different traditions, customs, costumes, food habits, lifestyles etc, similarities can be seen among them.

                8. What are the factors that promoting national integration?

                Answer: The factors that promoting national integration are,

                1. Secularism : India is a secular country. This means that every citizen of the nation has right to practice his own religion. There is interfaith harmony here. Hence it encourages the unity of the Nation
                2. Democracy : India is a democratic nation and all citizens are equal before the law. All citizens of the state are considered equal in terms of fundamental rights and Directive principles of state policy.
                3. National Festivals : National festivals of the country like Independence Day, Republic Day, Gandhi Jayanti etc. play an important role in uniting Indians. These festivals are celebrated by all Indian citizens in every part.
                4. Our National Symbols : Our national symbols are National Emblem, National Anthem, National Flag, National Animal, National Bird, National flower etc. are also helpful to identify us as one. This aspect also remainds us that we are all one in celebration or disaster.
                5. Interdependence : The Central and the State Governments work through common objective. One part of the nation is dependent on another part. It encourages the unity of the Nation.

                9th Standard: English Poem – ‘ETHICS’ – Solutions

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                Glossary:

                ethics : moral values of human conduct

                fall (n) : autumn

                rembrandt : Rembrandt Harmenszoonvan Rijn (1606-69), Dutch painter, noted for his handling of shade and light, especially in his portraits

                opt : choose

                report : tell about

                drafty (adj) : characterized by or admitting currents of air, usually uncomfortable.

                eschew : avoid

                C1. Answer the following questions in a se ntence each:

                1. What question did the teacher ask every time?

                Answer: The question did the teacher ask every time is “If there is a fire in a museum, which would you save, a Rembrandt painting or an old woman who hadn’t many years live?”

                2. Were the children able to answer the question correctly?

                Answer: No, The children were not able to answer the question correctly. Sometimes children answer a Rembrandt painting and many times they choose the answer as an old woman.

                3. The children responded to the question ____ half- heartedly. _______.

                a) by debating on the question enthusiastically

                b) half- heartedly.

                c) by giving different answers at different times.

                Answer: half- heartedly.

                4. Where is the speaker working when the speaker narrates this incident?

                Answer: The speaker working in the museum when the speaker narrates this incident.

                5. What had the speaker realized after many years?

                Answer: The speaker realized after many years that woman and painting and season are almost one and all beyond saving by children.

                C2. 1. Pick out the expression in the poem that indicates that the question did not interest the children.

                Answer: The expression in the poem that indicates that the question did not interest the children are,

                i)The expression ‘half heartedly’ in the poem that indicates that the question did not interest the children.

                ii) ‘Restless on hard chairs caring little for pictures or old age’ also indicates that the question did not interest the children.

                  2. The children were “restless on hard chairs” because

                  a) they were eager to answer the question immediately.

                  b) they were unable to understand the ethics dilemma.

                  c) the hardness of the chair affected their calmness.

                  Answer: they were unable to understand the ethics dilemma.

                  3. The images “half-heartedly” and “half-imagined” could mean

                  a) the children perceived the idea of ethical responsibility very faintly.

                  b) the ethical dilemma was beyond their understanding and experience.

                  c) children could not understand the gravity of the question.

                  [Note: There could be more than one currect option.]

                  Answer: the ethical dilemma was beyond their understanding and experience.

                  C3. Discuss with your friends if the poem is only about a lesson of ethics learnt in school or if it offers something higher than this.

                  School is not a only place to learn a lesson of ethics. Like this poem in a museum also children can learn a lesson of ethics. We can learn ethics everywhere in between the people. The Poem suggests that Old people and is like a painting in a museum; need to be taken care of their children and people. It is the responsibility of our society. All things are cannot be learned inside the classroom and such lessons learn by experience and some places like museum. Old age is the time when they need to be protected and somebody taken care of like we do to old portraits in the museum. The story of the poem begins with classroom and it ends in museum. This indicates that we can learn lessons of ethics in outside the classroom also.

                  C4. List a few ethics you have to follow in the situations given below:

                  a) Place of work.

                  Answer: 1. Time – punctuality 2) Behaviour 3) Friendly and cooperative with colleagues 4) Morality

                  b) Place of learning (a school / class).

                  1) Time – punctuality 2) Prayer 3) Behaviour  4) Respect to teachers 5) Discipline 6) Helping others 7) neatness 8) Obedient

                  c) Place of worship.

                  1) Prayer 2) Neatness 3) Silence to make surroundings calm and quiet

                   d) Place of living.

                  1) Neatness and clean 2) be cooperative 3) Good human relationship

                  About the poet :

                  Linda Pastan was born in 1932 to a Jewish family in Bronx, New York. She graduated from Radcliffe College and received an MA from Brandeis University. She has many awards and honours to her credit. Pushcart Prize, Dylan Thomas Award, Alice Fay di Castagnola Award, the bess Hokin Prize are a few to name. She served as the Poet Laureate of Maryland. Linda Pastan now lives in Potomac, Maryland.

                  4th Standard, English Chapter 9 – ‘Dr. KOTNIS’ – Solutions

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                  I. Answer the following questions:

                  1. When was Dwarakanath Kotnis born?

                   Dwarakanath Shantharam Kotnis was born on 10 October, 1910 in Solapur

                  2. Where did he study his medicine?

                  He studied Bachelor of Medicine at G.S. Medical College of the University of Mumbai.

                  3. Who invaded China in 1937?

                  Japan invaded China in 1937.

                  4. How old was Dr. Kotnis when he went to China?

                  27 years old was Dr. Kotnis when he went to China.

                  5. Where was his body buried?

                  His body was buried in the courtyard of Heroes.

                  6. Name the movie directed by V. Shantharam on the life of Dr. Kotnis.

                  ‘Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani’  movie directed by V. Shantharam on the life of Dr. Kotnis

                  II. Choose the right word given in brackets and complete the sentences:

                  1. The military life and stress made Kotinis weak. (week/weak)

                  2. Dr. Kotnis is revered by (by/buy) the Chinese even today.

                  3. School children too (too/two) offer flowers to Dr. Kotnis’ statue.

                  4. On “Ancestors Commemoration Day” flowers were (where/were) offered to the statue of Dr. Kotnis.

                  5. Dr. Kotnis has won (one /won) the hearts of many Chinese.

                  IV. Set of words are given below; circle the odd one that doesn’t belong to the group.

                  One is done for you;

                  1. life   progress         dull      grow    active

                  2. war fight    bullets               love   wound

                  3. rest sleep   relax    travel peaceful

                  4. rever  honour  forget   respect   tribute

                  5.  movie  shooting  theater  book  actor

                  6. medicine  clinic  ambulance  injection  movie

                  7. death  active  bury  mourn  sad

                  8th Standard: Social – ‘Biosphere’ – Questions and Answers

                  yakshadeepa
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                  I  Answer the following questions briefly:

                  1. What is Environment?

                  Answer: Environment is the surrounding where an organism, a community or an object exists.

                  2. Define ecology.

                  Answer: Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms with their physical, chemical and biological environment.

                  3. Name the different types of environmental pollution.

                  Answer: The different types of environmental pollution are,

                  1. Air Pollution

                  2. Water Pollution

                  3. Soil Pollution

                  4. Noise Pollution

                  4. What are the measures to control water pollution?

                  Answer: The measures to control water pollution are,

                  1. Industrial effluents must be treated
                  2. drinking water sources must be kept clean
                  3. Sewage treatment plants, disposal of waste on the water bodies must be controlled, etc.

                  5. What is Bio-diversity?

                    Answer: The variety of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) in a region is known as biodiversity.

                    6. What is the environmental pollution?

                    Answer: Environmental pollution is the unfavourable alteration of our surrounding, wholly or partly by human action through direct and indirect effects.

                    7. What are the important air pollutions?

                    Answer; The important air pollutions are Volcanoes, forest fire, cosmic dust, Gases from industries, domestic use, automobiles, mining, nuclear power plants, nuclear explosions, etc.

                    8. What are the measures to control air pollution?

                    Answer: Measures to control air pollution areControl of gaseous pollutants, control of emission from automobiles, planting of more trees, use of non-conventional energy sources, awareness programme, legal control, literacy and education etc.

                    9. What is water pollution?

                    Answer: Water pollution is ‘alteration in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may have harmful effects on human and aquatic life’.

                    10. Write the important sources of water pollution.

                      Answer: The important sources of water pollution are soil erosion, landslides, volcanic eruption, decay and decomposition of plants and animals, Industrial effluents, urban waste, domestic waste, agricultural waste, thermal waste, oil spill, offshore drilling, nuclear waste etc.

                      11. What are the important effects of water pollution?

                        Answer:  The important effects of water pollution are, It spreads water-borne diseases and epidemics like cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, jaundice, TB, etc, causes death of aquatic life, affects irrigation water and on agricultural crops, nature and features of water etc.

                        12. What is Soil Pollution?

                          Answer: Soil pollution is ‘decrease in the quality of soils either due to human sources or natural sources or by both’.

                          13. What is noise Pollution?

                            Answer: Noise pollution is ‘any undesirable sound dumped into the atmosphere leading to health hazards’.

                            14. What are the important sources of noise pollution?

                              Answer; The important sources of noise pollution are Thunder, cyclones, heavy rainfall, hailstorms, waterfalls, ocean waves , Industrial noise, automobiles, air crafts, domestic noise, mining etc.

                              15. What are the effects of noise pollution?

                                Answer: Effects of noise pollution are, noise pollution causes temporary or permanent hearing problem, headaches, restlessness, cardiovascular diseases, Psychological disorder, behavioural changes, lack of concentration, etc.

                                16. What are the measures to control noise pollution?

                                  Answer; Measures to control noise pollution are,

                                  1.  Industries must be located away from the residential areas;
                                  2. construction of sound proof walls in the factories,
                                  3. restricting unnecessary use of sirens, horns and loud speakers;
                                  4. airports must be located away from the residential zones;
                                  5. Protective instruments the workers in the industries,
                                  6. Noise producing vehicles must be checked etc.

                                  II Define the following:

                                  1. Biosphere

                                  Answer: Earth is the only planet which has various forms of life on it. Biosphere is the part of the earth where life exists. The biosphere is the fourth component of the earth and it is the totality of all living things on earth.

                                  2. Ecological balance

                                    Answer: Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms with their physical, chemical and biological environment. In a natural environment, there is a perfect balance between the various organisms living together in the biosphere. This is known as ecological balance.

                                    3. Global warming

                                      Answer: The temperature of the earth is increasing slowly over the years. For the last few years global temperature has increased. This phenomenon is termed as Global warming.

                                      4. Greenhouse effect

                                      Answer: The use of fossil fuels is increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap the heat radiated from the earth. Thus increasing of greenhouse gases is causing an increase of temperature. This is called ‘Greenhouse effect’.

                                      5. Ozone depletion

                                      Answer: Ozone absorbs ultraviolet rays and protects all forms of life on the earth’s surface. In recent years the use of air conditioners, refrigerators, sprays and deodorants are destroying the ozone due to the synthetic chemicals released into the atmosphere, primarily ‘chlorofluorocarbons’ (CFC). This is called Ozone depletion.

                                      6. Acid rain

                                      Answer: Acid rain contains high amounts of acids particularly sulphuric acid and carbon monoxide. It is caused when the rain drops pass through the polluted atmosphere. The rainfall with poisonous acids kills marine organisms.

                                      IV Activity:

                                      1. Collect information on the impact of global warming and enlist the ways of controlling global warming.

                                      Answer: Effects scientists predicted, such as the loss of sea ice, melting glaciers and ice sheets, sea level rise, and more intense heat waves. Scientists predict global temperature increases from human-made greenhouse gases will continue. Severe weather damage will also increase and intensify.

                                      Ways of controlling global warming.

                                      Save energy at home. Much of our electricity and heat are powered by coal, oil and gas. Change your home’s source of energy. Eat more vegetables. Throw away less food. Walk, bike or take public transport. Switch to an electric vehicle. Consider your travel. Reduce, reuse, repair and recycle.

                                      8th Standard: English Prose 6 – THE MODEL MILLIONAIRE

                                      yakshadeepa
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                                      Glossary :

                                      sherry : a kind of wine.

                                      wrinkle : small line on the skin of a person’s face or hands.

                                      sovereign : a gold coin worth one sterling.

                                      invest : to put money in a business to try to increase its value.

                                      admire : regard with respect, took at with pleasure.

                                      millionaire : a person whose assets are worth one million pounds or dollars or more.

                                      miserable : unhappy, uncomfortable.

                                      faint : slight.

                                      dreadful : extremely bad or serious.

                                      splendid : magnificent, very impressive, excellent.

                                      apology : regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure.

                                      Comprehension:

                                      I. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each:

                                      1. What sort of man was Hughie Erskine?

                                      Hughie Erskine was a very good–looking young man. He was liked and admired by both men and women. He never said an unkind word about anyone. But he was not very clever, and never had any money.

                                      2. What were the various jobs he took up? Why?

                                      He was always changing his job and had tried everything. But he is not successful in all jobs. At one time he had worked on the Stock Exchange, which had lasted for six months. He had been a tea merchant for a little longer than that, but soon got tired of selling tea. Then he tried selling sherry instead, but again he failed.

                                      3. What was the condition laid down for Hughie to marry Laura?

                                             The Colonel, father of girl Laura Merton, conditioned Hughie and would not allow them to get married. He put condition for a marriage and said “Come to me, my boy, when you have got ten thousand pounds of your own, and we will see about it,” This was the condition for Hughie to marry Laura Merton

                                      4. Who was Alan Trevor? What was Trevor doing when Hughie called on him?

                                                  Alan Trevor was a Painter Trevor finishing the full size picture of a beggar–man when Hughie called on him.

                                      5. How was the model beggar dressed?

                                                  Beggar dressed a ragged brown coat, all torn and dirty. His thick boots were patched and well worn, and with one hand he leaned on a rough stick. In the other hand, he held out a hat for money.

                                      6. What did Hughie feel the model should get? Why?

                                                  Hughie think the model should get some part of that Painter earned from the painting.  Hughie said that Model working quite as hard as Painter.

                                      7. Why did Hughie feel sorry for the beggar-man?

                                                  The old beggar–man sat down on a wooden seat that was behind Hughie. He looked so lonely and sad, that Hughie could not help feeling sorry for him.

                                      8. What did Hughie give the old beggar-man?

                                                  Hughie walked across the room and slipped the sovereign into the beggar man’s hand.

                                      9. What did Alan Trevor tell Hughie when he met him at the Palette Club?

                                                  Trevor said when he met him at the palette Club, ‘‘That old beggar, as you call him, is one of the richest men in Europe. He could buy all London tomorrow and never miss the money. He has a house in every capital city, eats off gold plates”

                                      10. Alan says, “He’ll invest your sovereign for you Hughie,” How do you think the Baron could have invested the sovereign for Hughie?

                                                  The Baron Hausberg was a millionaire and have a many number of business firms in his name. He could invest Hughie’s sovereign in his firms.

                                      II. Answer the following questions in five or six sentences each:

                                      1. ‘That old beggar, as you call him, is one of the richest men in Europe.’ Name the richest man referred to. How is he described to Hughie?

                                      Richest man is Baron Hausberg. Trevor Described the old beggar “That old beggar, as you call him, is one of the richest men in Europe. He could buy all London tomorrow and never miss the money. He has a house in every capital city, eats off gold plates, and can prevent Russia going to war when he chooses”

                                      2. Describe how Hughie Erskine was able to marry Laura Merton.

                                      Hughie Erskine was a very good–looking young man. He was in love with a girl called Laura Merton, who was the daughter of a retired Colonel. But he can’t marry him. The Colonel would not allow them to get married. He asked Hughie to earn ten thousand pounds and then only he will decide about marriage. One day Hughie saw beggar model and gave him sovereign. Beggar model is one of the richest men in Europe named Baron Hausberg. One day that millionaire beggar model sent a sealed envelope to Hughie. On the outside was written, ‘‘A wedding present to Hugh Erskine and Laura Merton, from an old beggar,” and inside was a cheque for ten thousand pounds. This is how Erskine was able to marry Laura Merton.

                                      3. Bring out the subtle humour in the story “The Model Millionaire.”

                                      The whole story is containing the subtle humour. Hughie Erskine was always changing his job and had tried everything. At last he gave up trying to work, and lived on two hundred pounds a year, given to him by an old aunt. Hughie thought that the model eas a real beggar and gave him a sovereign. But the beggar model war one of the richest person in Europe. These are the subtle humour in the story.

                                      4. “I have got heaps of old clothes at home. Do you think he would like any of them? Why, his rags were falling to bits,’ said Hughie. ‘But he looks so wonderful in them,” said Trevor. “I wouldn’t paint him in a good suit for anything. However, I’ll tell him of your offer.” The above instance is an example for subtle humour. Pick out other incidents of humour from the story.

                                      1.  ‘You don’t want a beggar to look happy, do you?’”
                                      2. “Well, I think the model should get some part of that,’ cried Hughie, laughing. ‘He’s working quite as hard as you.”
                                      3. “Poor man,’”he thought, ‘he needs it more than I do,’ and he walked across the room and slipped the sovereign into the beggar’s hand.
                                      4. I have got heaps of old clothes at home. Do you think he would like any of them?
                                      5. “Baron Hausberg!” cried Hughie. “Good heavens! I gave him a sovereign!” “Gave him a sovereign!” shouted Trevor, and he burst into a roar of laughter.
                                      6. He’ll invest your sovereign for you Hughie, and pay you the interest every six months.

                                       Fill in the blanks given below with the help of the compound words.

                                      1. Full size picture (full–size)

                                      2. Good looking young man (good – looking)

                                      3. The old Beggar man (beggar-man)

                                      4. The frame maker wanted to speak to Trevor. (frame – maker)

                                      2) Match the words in column A with the words in column B to make more compound words

                                      Grand – mother

                                      News – paper

                                      Mile – stone

                                      Book – mark

                                      Tie – breaker

                                      Foot – path

                                      ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಕಲಾವಿದ ಚಿಟ್ಟಾಣಿ ರಾಮ ಹೆಗಡೆ ನಿಧನ

                                      yakshadeepa
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                                      ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಕಲಾವಿದ ಚಿಟ್ಟಾಣಿ ರಾಮ ಹೆಗಡೆ ನಿಧನ

                                      ಕಲಾವಿದ ಚಿಟ್ಟಾಣಿ ರಾಮ ಹೆಗಡೆ ನಿಧನ.

                                      ಬಡಗುತಿಟ್ಟಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸ್ತ್ರೀವೇಷಧಾರಿ ಚಿಟ್ಟಾಣ ರಾಮ ಹೆಗಡೆ (82) ದಿನಾಂಕ 31.12.2024 ರಂದು ನಿಧನರಾದರು.

                                      ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಗುಂಡುಬಾಳ ಮೇಳ ಮತ್ತು ಭರತನ ಹಳ್ಳಿ ಸಾಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ ಮೇಳಗಳಲ್ಲೂ ಕಲಾ ಸೇವೆಗೈದಿದ್ದರು.

                                      ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ, ಪುರುಷ ಪಾತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಅವರು ಐದು ದಶಕಗಳ ಕಲಾಸೇವೆ ಗೈದಿದ್ದರು.

                                      ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಹತ್ತು ವರ್ಷದ ಹಿಂದೆ ‘ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಕಲಾರಂಗ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ’ ನೀಡಿ ಗೌರವಿಸಿತ್ತು.

                                      ಅವರು ಪತ್ನಿ ಮತ್ತು ಇಬ್ಬರು ಪುತ್ರಿಯರನ್ನು ಅಗಲಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

                                      ಇವರ ನಿಧನಕ್ಕೆ ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಕಲಾರಂಗದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಎಂ. ಗಂಗಾಧರ ರಾವ್, ಕಾರ್ಯದರ್ಶಿ ಮುರಲಿ ಕಡೆಕಾರ್ ತೀವ್ರ ಸಂತಾಪ ಸೂಚಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

                                      8th Standard English Prose 7 -THE GREAT SACRIFICE

                                      yakshadeepa
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                                      Karnataka State 8th Standard, Prose – 7

                                      THE GREAT SACRIFICE

                                      Read the following extract from the Mahabharata and answer the following questions:

                                      Kunti went to her son Karna and requested him not to reuse an arrow at the battle field against Arjuna. Karna happily gave the boon he thought that his mother was greater than his boon. Later on, he was easily killed by Arjuna in the battle-field as he would not re-use the arrow.

                                      1. Why did Kunti go to Karna?

                                      Kunti went to her son Karna and requested him not to reuse an arrow at the battle field against Arjuna.

                                      2. Was Kunti right in taking away the boon? Explain.

                                      On one view Kunti was right in taking away the boon from Karna. Otherwise Karna would have teamed up with the evil Kauravas to destroy the good Pandavas.

                                      3. What was the sacrifice made by Karna?

                                                  Karna happily gave the boon he thought that his mother was greater than his boon. Later on, he was easily killed by Arjuna in the battle-field and sacrifice his life as he would not re-use the arrow.

                                      Discuss these points with your classmates.

                                      1. What is the greatest thing that you can appreciate in your mother? Is it to give up everything she has for her child? Is it to give up her life for her child?

                                      A mother will do anything and everything for her child. Mothers love is a purest form of love. That love cannot compare to others love. She will stay up, hours a night, doing homework with her child. She will ready to sacrifice everything in her life for her childrens.

                                      I. Comprehension:

                                      Answer the following in two – three sentences each:

                                      1. Why were Padma and Panna worried?

                                      Padma and Panna worried because everything has been going wrong since the death of Ranaji. Nobody seems to be happy. The nobles are quarrelling among themselves. They have become mean and selfish.

                                      2. a. Name the person who was ambitious.

                                      Banbir, a half–brother of Udai Singh is ambitious.

                                      b. What is he compared to?

                                      He is compared to snake.

                                      c. Why were the other nobles powerless against him?

                                                     The nobles are quarrelling among themselves. They have become mean and selfish. They are not strong enough to dislike Banbir.

                                      3. a. What did Banbir make up his mind to do?

                                      Banbir is a curse to the house of Mewar. He resolved to kill Prince Udai Singh.

                                      b. Why had he resolved to do this?

                                                     He resolved to do this because Banbir wants to be the permanent Rana of Mewar. He has resolved to kill the prince.

                                      4. a. What did the Prince’s mother tell Panna when she was dying?

                                      When the Rani the prince’s mother, was dying, she said to Panna, “Panna, I have lost everything except my precious child. I’m leaving him in your charge. Be a mother to him and protect him from all harm.”

                                      b. What did Panna promise the Rani?

                                         Panna Promised Rani  that she would give her life to save the life of the prince.

                                      5. a. What news did Champa bring?

                                      Champa Said “Do what you can to save the life of the Prince. You haven’t any time to lose. Banbir will be here in a few minutes. He’s talking to a man outside. He’s only a hundred yards away from here”

                                      b. What did Banbir have in his hand?

                                         Banbir has a naked sword in his hand.

                                      6. a. Why did Panna change the Prince’s clothes?

                                      Panna changes the Prince’s clothes because she wanted to dresses her own child in the clothes of the prince and puts him in his bed.

                                      b. Where did she put him?

                                         She puts him in a basket.

                                      c. What did she cover him with?

                                      She covers him with flowers and leaves.

                                      7. Whose clothes did Panna make her baby wear? Whose bed did she put him in?

                                      Panna quickly dresses her own child in the clothes of the prince Udai Singh and puts him in prince’s bed.

                                      8. Who did Banbir kill? Did he realize his mistake?

                                      Banbir rushes to the bed and kills the child of Panna with his sword. He did not realize his mistake.

                                      9. What are the main qualities you appreciate in Panna? Give reasons in support of your answer.

                                      Panna is great courageous woman. Self sacrifice is main quality of Panna which is always appreciable. She sacrificed her own son’s life to save the Prince Udai singh.  She promised mother of Prince that she would give her life to save the life of the prince. She was ready to sacrifice anything to save the Prince.

                                      V. a. Match the words in column A with their antonyms in column B:

                                      Strong – weak

                                       Like – dislike

                                      end – begin

                                      outside – inside

                                      b. Fill in the blanks with words from column A and add sentences using words from column B as well:

                                      a. Don’t go outside. It is raining. Stay inside.

                                      b. The hero dies at the end of the film. Let us begin new work.

                                      c. All of us like ice cream. Ramesh dislikes it

                                      d. This chair is strong. You cannot break it. That table is very weak.

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