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6th Standard, Social Science, GEOGRAPHY Chapter 10 – GLOBE AND MAPS

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6th Standard, Social Science, GEOGRAPHY Chapter 10

GLOBE AND MAPS

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the Blanks with Suitable Words.

1. The earth model is called as Globe

2. A book prepared by combining different types of maps is called Atlas or Map book

3. The Green colour is shown to identify the fields on maps.

4. The imaginary lines drawn on the Earth are latitude and longitudes

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

  1. Mention any two uses of a globe.

Answer: The two uses of a globe are,

a. The globe is useful to know the shape of the Earth

b. It helps us to understand the position, shape and size of the continents, oceans and seas.

2. What is a map?

Answer: A diagrammatic representation of the whole Earth, or a part of it, on a flat surface according to scale is called a map.

  • Which are the different types of maps?

Answer: The different types of maps are,

(i) Maps based on scale

There are two types of maps based on standard.

a. Large-Scale Maps

b. Small-Scale Maps

(ii) Maps based on purpose

They are also known as thematic maps. They can be classified as follows:

a. Physical Maps

b. Political Maps

c. Distribution Maps

4. Mention any two uses of maps.

Answer: Maps help us in many ways. The two uses of maps are,

1. Maps help us to locate places like towns, cities, districts, states, countries and continents.

2. They show the physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, coastal areas, islands, etc.

5. What is an Atlas or map book?

Answer: The collection of various types of maps, bound as a book, is known as an ‘atlas’ or ‘Map book’.

6. What is a scale?

Answer: A scale is a ratio between the distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground.

7. What are geographical symbols?

Answer: A symbol is a sign that stands for an object. The symbols used in a map are same all over the world. These symbols are called geographical symbols.

8. Which are the major components of a map?

Answer: The major components of a map are as follows.

  1. title
  2. scale
  3. latitudes and longitudes
  4. direction
  5. Index.

Some more Questions and Answers

  1. What is a Globe?

Answer: The Earth is geoid in shape and is represented by a globe, which is the model of Earth.

  • What colour is used to show water bodies in the map?

Answer: The colour used to show water bodies in the map is Blue.

  • What is cartography?

Answer: The science and art of map making is known as ‘cartography’.

  • What are Cadastral maps?

Answer: The maps, which show individual property, are called Cadastral maps.

  • What are Topographical maps?

Answer: The maps that show detailed surface features are called Topographical maps.  

  • What are the two types of small-scale maps?

Answer: Wall maps and Atlas maps are the two types of small-scale maps.

  • What are Physical maps?

Answer: The maps, which represent the physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, etc., are called Physical maps.

  • What are Political maps?

Answer: Political maps show the political boundaries between states, countries and continents and their location, area, etc.

  • What are Distribution maps?

Answer: The maps which are used to show the distribution of definite features such as land use, temperature, rainfall, population, soils, natural vegetation, crops, minerals, Industries, railways, roads, waterways, etc. are called Distribution maps.

  1. Describe the uses of Globe.

Answer: The uses of Globe are as follows.

a. The globe is useful to know the shape of the Earth

b. It helps us to understand the position, shape and size of the continents, oceans and seas.

c. The lines of latitude and longitudes on the globe help us to locate places and political boundaries.

d. A good globe helps us to understand the inclination of the axis, movements of the Earth – rotation, revolution and their effects. Eg. day and night, seasons. etc.,

e. It gives general information about the geographical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, islands, rivers, grass lands, forests etc.,

11. What are the different uses of maps?

Answer: Maps help us in many ways. The different uses of maps are given below.

1. Maps help us to locate places like towns, cities, districts, states, countries and continents.

2. They show the physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, coastal areas, islands, etc.

3. They help us to know the major routes of transport such as roads, railways, etc.

4. They help us to understand the distribution of crops, minerals, Industries, etc.

5. Maps are very important for military people at the time of war and for security.

6. Maps guide the tourists to their destination.

7. Maps are very good teaching learning aids they are easy to carry.

12. Which are different colours are used in maps? Mention the features of each colour.

Answer: The colours represent different physical features. In a physical map, the colours used are as follows.

(a) Blue – colour for water bodies like oceans, seas, lakes and rivers.

(b) Green – colour for lowlands or plains

(c) Yellow – colour for highlands or land higher than the plains.

(d) Brown – colour for hills and lower parts of mountains.

(e) Dark – brown colour for high mountains.

(f) White – or purple colour for snow-covered areas.

13. What are the uses of ‘Map reading skill’?

Answer: The uses of ‘Map reading skill’ are,

1. To locate places: To locate a place on the map, we have to know the latitude and longitude on which the place is located.

2. To find the direction: The symbol of the arrow pointing to the north helps us to find the other directions.

3. To find the distance: The scale given on the map helps us to know the distance between two places.

Activities:

Prepare a model of the globe using paper pulp or a rubber ball or any other material.

View different types of maps and find out the differences between different types of maps.

On an outline map of India, use suitable colours. (a) Colour and mark the physical features of India. (b) Colour and mark the oceans and seas surrounding India.

6th Standard, Social CIVICS Chapter 7 – CITIZEN AND CITIZENSHIP

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6th Standard, Social CIVICS Chapter 7

CITIZEN AND CITIZENSHIP

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the Blanks with Suitable Words.

1. The two ways of getting citizenship are Natural citizenship and Naturalized citizenship

2. Voluntarily refusing citizenship is known as Renunciation

3. India has ‘Natural’ and ‘Single Citizenship’ kind of citizenship.

II. Answer the Following Questions in One Sentence.

  1. Who is a citizen?

Answer: Citizen is a responsible member who is settled in a country.

  • Are you an Indian citizen? How?

Answer: Yes. I am an Indian Citizen. A person acquires the citizenship of the country in which he or she is born. I am an Indian Citizen by Birth.

  • Mention a few characteristics of citizen.

Answer: The characteristics of citizen are,

a. Honouring the Constitution, the National Flag, the National Anthem and the freedom fighters who sacrificed their life for the sake of the country.

b. Having scientific spirit, humanism and reforming spirit.

c. He must respect the constitution and obey the laws.

d. Voting in Elections.

e. Seeing everyone as brothers regardless of language, religion and caste.

f. Taking part in the rescue work when disaster strikes the country.

g. Paying of taxes regularly without fail.

h. Being concerned about the environment protection.

i. Protection of public property and renouncing violence.

j. Helping the senior citizens.

k. Every Mother / Guardian should enable their children go to the school up       to the age of 6 to 14 Years.

  • Mention two methods of getting citizenship of a country.

Answer: The two methods of getting citizenship of a country are a) Natural citizenship b) Naturalized citizenship

  • How can you help senior citizens?

Answer: We can help senior citizens in many ways. Some simple yet meaningful actions include offering help with small tasks, spending quality time with them, and showing respect and kindness. You can also help them learn new things, like using technology, and get them involved in activities they enjoy. 

Some more Questions and Answers:

  1. What is a citizenship?

Answer: “Legal membership of a country is called citizenship’’.

  • What are the two ways to get citizenship of a country?

Answer: The two ways of getting the citizenship of a country are

a) Natural citizenship 

b) Naturalized citizenship

3. Describe the method of acquire citizenship?

Answer: The method of acquire citizenship are as follows.

By Birth: A person acquires the citizenship of the country in which he or she is born. Citizenship is granted irrespective of the nationality of the parents. Birth is the main basis for acquiring citizenship of a country. For Example, A person born in India on or after January 26, 1950 is a citizen of India, because on this day Independent India had its own constitution.

Through Inheritance: According to this, a person acquires citizenship on the basis of which country his parents belong to. For Example, Those born on or after January 26, 1950 or the people who are non-residents of India, even though born in Indian families will get Indian citizenship. These two methods are called Natural citizenship

Through Registration: Citizenship of any country can be obtained by applying and registering in the concerned office through appropriate means. Each country imposes certain criteria for applying. For Example, if they have lived in India for at least 5 years, they can get citizenship by registration. This method is called Naturalized citizenship.

4 . Under what circumstances does a person lose the citizenship of his country?

Answer: The country’s citizenship can be lost through the following ways.

Renunciation: Any Indian citizen who acquires citizenship of another country can voluntarily refuse Indian citizenship by declaring it through registration.

Termination: If any citizen of India acquires citizenship of a foreign country, his Indian citizenship is legally terminated without waiting for him to submit an application.

By Deprivation: The Government of India can deny citizenship to a person if he/she has obtained citizenship of India fraudulently (deceptive) or if he/she involved in anti-national activities or disobedience to the constitution of India, such persons may be denied citizenship by the Government of India. It becomes forced rejection.

5 . Can we get the citizenship of two countries at the same time?

Answer: No. We cannot get the citizenship of two countries at the same time.

  • What are rights of a citizen?

Answer: Every citizen enjoys certain rights in his country. Voting in elections, contesting election, serving in the government offices, joining defence forces – along with these the citizen has certain duties and responsibilities to perform.

8th Standard, Social Science CHAPTER 2 – BHARATHAVARSHA : GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND PREHISTORIC PERIOD

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8th Standard Social CHAPTER-2

BHARATHAVARSHA : GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND PREHISTORIC PERIOD

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words :

1. Geographically, India is a peninsula.

2. Signs of ashes have been found in caves of Kurnool.

3. The implements of the Middle Stone Age are called delicate stone implements.

II Answer to the following questions in brief:

4. Describe briefly the physical features of India.

Answer: The physical features of India are,

  1. India’s geographical features comprise the Himalayan Range of Mountains in the North, the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
  2. The Deccan Plateau in the South and the Coastal Region.
  3. The north- western side through the valleys of Bolan and Khyber passes.
  4. The eastern coastline is called the Coromandel Coast and Utkal Coast, whereas the western coastline is referred to as Konkan and Malabar Coast.

5. Which are the two valleys intrusions attacked India?

Answer: The attacks have been mainly from the north- western side through the valleys of Bolan and Khyber passes.

6. What is meant by ‘Prehistoric Age’?

Answer: The period before the discovery of the art of writing is called the Prehistoric Age. This is so because we do not find evidences to the linguistic development or to the use of script. Archaeologists have discovered some implements created and used by these people. Probably they used weapons made of stone, wood and bones.

7. How did animal husbandry and dairy farming evolve?

Answer: Man who had been hunting animals, began to observe their nature, food habits and the way these animals breed. Over a period of time, he captured these animals and domesticated them. This was the way the practices of animal husbandry and dairy farming began.

8. The different periods of prehistory have been given various names by the archaeologists. What are they?

Answer: Archaeologists refer to the age we discussed now, by different names.

Old Stone Age: The age which prevailed 2 million years ago is the oldest period and is called the Old Stone Age, and it stretched over a period of 12,000 years. This long duration has been classified into three stages is – the Early, Middle and Late Old Stone Ages.

Middle Stone Age: The period from 12,000 years to around 10,000 years is called the Middle Stone Age. The weapons of this period are generally very small and hence they are called delicate stone implements.

New Stone Age: The New Stone Age began after 10,000 years. These weapons were bright and had sharp blades. People of this age used grinding stones for grinding leaves and herbs and for powdering grains and cereals.

III Activity :

  1. Visit an ancient site or museum along with your parents and learn more about it from your teacher.

8th standard, English First Language, POEM-9, BENJAMIN JONES GOES SWIMMING

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8th standard English FL POEM-9

BENJAMIN JONES GOES SWIMMING

Pre-reading task:

1. Have you ever participated in a competition? 

Answer: Yes. I have participated in running race competition.

2. How did you feel at the start of the competition?

Answer: I felt little bit nervous at the start of the competition. However, overcame from that at the end. 

3. Did you win a prize? 

Answer: Yes. I got third prize.

4. How did you feel then?

Answer: Then I felt very happy. 

Glossary :

confident  :  sure

free-for-all meet : anyone can participate

absurd : foolish

blush : feel shy

acclaim : praise

swimmers : group of swimmers 

poised : stood ready

spectators : onlookers

contest : competition

venture a bite : to try to bite

grab : catch hold of

claw : sharp nails of an animal’s or bird’s foot

foe : enemy

like a swimmer : a swimmer controlled by an extraordinary spirit possessed

Comprehension:

I. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each:

1. What did Benjamin inform his wife?

Answer: Benjamin informed his wife that he will going to compete in the free-for-all meet swimming competition on fourth of July. He said that he will win if he try’s. 

2. Why did Benjamin’s wife discourage him?

Answer: Benjamin had not gone swimming for some years. So his wife thought that he can’t compete with other famous fast swimmers. She sure that he will be the last in the race. Therefore, Benjamin’s wife discouraged him.

3. How did Benjamin win the swimming competition?

Answer: When the swimming competition started, Benjamin was very slow. One crab came and saw his toe. Benjamin noticed the crab as it started to grab and came near him. He frightened. Immediately he started swim like a swimmer and won the swimming competition.

4. What do you learn from this poem?

Answer: Sometimes luck along with our success. The poem teaches how to turn the unexpected incidents to our favour.  The poem ‘Benjamin Jones Goes Swimming’ teaches us that if we make up our mind for something, then nothing can stop us. Benjamin informed his wife that he will going to participate in swimming. His wife sure that he will be the last in the race. But the crab incident make Benjamin the winner.

II. Appreciation:

Answer the following as directed : 

1. The poem is in the style of ____________

a. a dialogue 

b. anti-climax

c. satire 

d. climax 

Answer: satire

2. Appreciate the following expressions in 3-4 sentences each: 

a. With others so fast, you’re sure to be last. 

Answer: Benjamin’s wife thought that others could swim fast than him. So he will be the last in the race.  This saying highlights the importance of self-awareness and self-acceptance. Sometimes, constantly comparing yourself to others can be detrimental to your mental health and motivation. But this one is the common funny, light, humorous conversation between the couples.

b. His pace was so slow that a crab saw his toe and thought it would venture a bite. 

Answer: This is a humorous and memorable way to describe someone’s slow pace. The image of a crab considering a bite on a human toe means both are very slow. This creates a humorous image and indicates the man’s lack of speed.

c. She fell in the lake with a splash. 

Answer: This was one of the poet’s imagination. She confirmed that Benjamin would be the last in swimming competition. She can’t believe the truth. She shocked when Benjamin winning the race. So the poet describes as ‘she fell in the lake with a splash’. This is the way she reacts to Benjamin’s win.

3. Compose a four-lined poem with any humorous situation, which you have come across and present it to the class. 

Answer: 
I was in a high jump competition

This time I jumped very high

I jumped a record high, higher than anyone else did

When I woke up, I was lying under the bed

Exercises

III. Let’s read and respond:

A. Fill in the blanks based on your understanding of the poem:

1. Benjamin told his wife that he would compete and win the swimming competition.

2. It was a free for all swimming competition.

3. Benjamin’s wife said that he would come last because he haven’t gone swimming for years.

4. The swimmers galore waited for praise on the day of the competition.

5. The competition took place on Fourth of July

6. Other Swimmers passed Benjamin on the right and the left because his pace was very slow. 

7. The crab thought of biting Benjamin’s toe because it must have looked like food.

8. Benjamin won the race as he swam fast to escape the crab.

9. His wife fell into the water because she was shocked to see her husband win the race.

B. Make a list of all the rhyming words in the poem. There are rhyming words in the same lines and at the end of the lines.

Answer: Jones-tones, compete-meet, word-absurd, fast-last, July-try, years-ears, came-acclaim, place-race, galore-shore, began-man, left-right, slow-toe, thought-bite, crab-grab, guessed-possessed, toe-foe, shore-roar, him-swim, dash-splash, dock-shock

8th Standard, English Second Language Prose 1, A DAY IN THE ASHRAM

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8th Standard English SL Prose 1 

UNIT–1 EDUCATION FOR LIFE

A DAY IN THE ASHRAM

ILA Your teacher reads a passage. Listen to it. Then answer these questions. 

1. Why did Sangappa feel sad?

Answer: Sangappa seen some students were reading books and trying to get by heart some questions and answers. But Sangappa feel sad because his son had been sitting on a tree watching the birds singing instead of studying. 

2. What was his son doing?

Answer: His son had been sitting on a tree watching the birds singing. Also, he was trying to draw the birds in a book.

3. What did the headmaster say about learning?

Answer: The headmaster says that learning does not mean only reading books. Kids also have to study other things like son of  Sangappa, He also felt sad about other kids and said that Sangappa’s son is studying nature and he’s learning, but other kids are not.

4. Does learning mean only reading books and preparing for the examination? Share your views with your partners in the class.

Answer: No, learning does not mean only reading books and preparing for the examination. Apart from the books students have to learn other things like general knowledge, nature, sports, external activities etc. 

IRA Some statements are given below. If you agree tick [Yes]. If not tick [No].

1.  I love to get answers to all the questions by heart.  Yes No

Answer: No

2. We should play in the evening. Yes/ No

Answer: Yes

3. I learn a lot while I am outside the classroom. Yes/No

Answer: Yes

4. Learning must be an enjoyable experience. Yes/No

Answer: Yes

5. Singing, praying, practising yoga and drawing are also some of the ways of learning.  Yes/No

Answer:  Yes

Do you want to know that there exists a school where children learn with joy and freedom? If so, read the text silently.

C1 Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partner. 

1. Who named the school ‘Shantiniketan’?

Answer: Rabindranath Tagore named the school ‘Shantiniketan’

2. When does the day in Shantiniketan begin?

Answer: The day in Shantiniketan begins in long before sunrise, like the birds in our own amloki groves, our boys are awake.

3. What is termed by Gurudeva as, ‘the darling of our hearts’?

Answer: Shanthinikethan termed by Gurudeva as, ‘the darling of our hearts’. 

4. Which phrase used in paragraph 1 means ‘both the old and the young people’?

Answer: The phrase ‘old and young alike’ used in paragraph 1 means ‘both the old and the young people.

5. The boys in Shantiniketan get up early in the morning. Who else are the early risers?

Answer: The birds in own amloki groves are get up early in the morning with boys in Shanthinikethan. 

C2 Work in pairs. Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partners. 

1. What kind of work do the boys practise in the afternoon? 

Answer:   The boys practise the work like carpentry, mechanical work, spinning, weaving, drafting, painting and music in the afternoon.

2. What are Shantinikethan boys famous for?

Answer: Shantiniketan boys are famous everywhere for their sports and games.

3. How do the boys spend their evenings before they go to bed? 

Answer: The boys spend their evenings before they go to bed by telling fairy tales, recitation of short dramas. There are also Gurudeva’s songs are sung by the boys and different school gatherings are held.

4. Read the second paragraph carefully. What it describes is:

a) the greatness of the teacher

b) the song of the choristers

c) the lessons taught in the Ashram

d) the silent meditation of the inmates

 [Choose the right answer]

Answer: d) the silent meditation of the inmates. 

Glossary and Notes :

Gurudeva : Rabindranath Tagore

choristers : members who sing in the choir of a church 

choir : a group of singers singing hymns

hymn : a song of praise to God

amloki : a tree, like a mango tree

reverence : respect

meditate : to pray silently

draftsman : a designer or one who makes plans

recite : sing [a poem or a story] from memory

Read and write :

C3 Read and discuss your responses with your partner. Then write. 

1. What is the effect of the song of the choristers on the listeners?

Answer: The choristers are the first to rise, and they go round the Ashram, singing their morning hymn. We can hear the voices in the distance, drawing nearer and nearer; and then the sound dies away, as the choir passes on to another part of the Ashram, and then again it comes nearer and nearer. The beauty of the sound in the silent morning air and the sense of joy and reverence which it brings, give peace to the soul.

2. How are the classes held in the afternoon in Shantiniketan?

Answer: About two o’ clock in the afternoon the classes begin again; but at this time the work is chiefly with the hands as well as with the mind. Handiwork is practised, and the boys’ own natural tastes are very soon discovered. Some prefer carpentry; others prefer mechanical work; others enjoy spinning and weaving; others become skilled draftsmen or painters; others are musicians.

3. How do the boys spend their evenings in Shantiniketan?

Answer: In the evening, at sunset, they return from the fields and sit down once more, for a short time, to meditate in silence. As night comes, fairy tales are told, short dramas are recited, Gurudeva’s songs are sung, and different school gatherings are held.

4. How are the classes at Shantiniketan different from the classes in other schools?

Answer: Shantiniketan’s classes different significantly from other schools by prioritizing holistic education, fostering creativity, and integrating nature into the learning experience.  Shantiniketan often conducts classes outdoors, under trees, creating a natural and inspiring learning environment, unlike the enclosed classrooms of traditional schools. The school’s environment encourages students to live in harmony with nature, promoting a deep connection with the natural world. They are encouraging combining arts, music, literature, and traditional subjects with a focus on holistic development. The school encourages self-expression, critical thinking, and emotional development. Teachers at Shantiniketan encourage students to explore their creativity and develop critical thinking skills. Shantiniketan places a strong emphasis on Indian art, music, dance, and literature, fostering a love for the arts.

5. How does Shantiniketan prepare the boys for life? 

Answer: Shantiniketan prepares boys for life by  learning through experience, personal growth, and a connection with nature. Instead of memorization, students engage in activities tailored to their interests, develop expertise in their chosen fields, and cultivate a sense of peace and well-being.  Classes extend to the natural environment, encouraging students to learn from nature. The classes of afternoons for handicrafts like carpentry, spinning, weaving, and music, helping students develop practical skills and explore their talents. Education is tailored to each student’s tastes and preferences, allowing them to become experts in their areas of interest. The school’s environment and emphasis on meditation contribute to a sense of peace and tranquillity, preparing students for life’s challenges. 

C4. The writer has used the phrase ‘living education’ to describe the experience in Shantiniketan. Some features of education are given below. Classify them into the categories of ‘living education’ and ‘unimaginative instruction’. Discuss in groups. 

Living Education Unimaginative instruction.

Memorizing, meditating, punishing learners, learning outside in nature, dictating notes, open discussion, students asking questions to teachers, students passively listening, experimenting, creative thinking, identifying students’ natural taste, bookish learning. 

Answer:

Living education – open discussion, students asking questions to teachers, experimenting, creative thinking, identifying students’ natural taste, meditating, learning outside in nature,

Unimaginative instruction – punishing learners, dictating notes, Memorizing, students passively listening, bookish learning. 

C5 Write a paragraph describing your idea of a good school.

Answer: The main aim of the school is teaching. Teachers are the pillars of the School. Therefore, Teachers must be friendly and teaches good values to the students. The Teachers must be educated, kind, learned, disciplined and have lot of patience and must love their profession and children. Schools have good administration, authorities, rules, and regulations. Schools have good library for the studies and reading books and have a big playground. Schools must give prefer for discipline and health of the students. Every School should be very far from the industrial area.

C6 Write a few lines about your school using the following clues:

Name of the School

Location

School building

Facilities – about teachers, laboratory, library, sports etc.

Answer: For Student

My School is located in ________ city. Name of my school is ________. There are _____ buildings in our school. Our school building is near to ________. My School is famous in ______ district. Our school is providing many facilities for our students. There are more than ___well educated and trained teachers guiding us in our school. School administration providing good laboratory for us. Library of our school is very vast and neat. There are thousands of books to study for students. School is encouraging sports to every student.

 Vocabulary :

V1 Observe the use of nearer and nearer in the following example. 

e.g. You can hear the voices in the distance, drawing nearer and nearer [near].

Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentence with the help of the clues given in brackets.

1. When you blow air into a balloon it becomes bigger and bigger [big]

2. As the train approaches the station, the sound of its whistle becomes louder and louder. [loud]

3. If you practise harder and harder, you will feel more and more 

[much] confident to solve the problems.

4. Man has been constructing taller and taller [tall] buildings in the cities.

5. As you move away from a tree it looks smaller and smaller [small]

V2 Fill in the blanks using some and others.

e.g. Some prefer carpentry, others prefer mechanical work.

1. You can see shining objects in the sky at night. Some of them are planets, others are stars.

2. There are many fruits in the basket. some of them are mangoes, 

others are bananas.

3. After the bell, some boys went out to play, others went home.

4. There are a few books on the table. some of them are text 

books, others are not. 

5. Some of the apples in the basket are good. others are bad.

V3 Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words from the words 

given in brackets.

Last week [week, weak] I went to a shop to buy [by, buy] a pair of trousers. I bought one and returned home. When I tried to wear [wear, ware] it, I found that it was rather loose [loose, lose]. So I went to the shop in fury. But the shopkeeper was out. So I had to wait [wait, weight] for half an hour. When he returned. I shouted at him, “See, how big it is. It fits an elephant”. He replied coolly looking at my pot belly, “Therefore we offered it to you, Sir”.

V4 Fill in the blanks using the antonyms of the words underlined.

1. Krishna was a rich king, while his friend was a poor man.

2. Madanika is tall but her brother is short.

3. Radhika is strong but her sister is weak.

4. Silk is soft; iron is hard.

5. I can remember stories but forget lessons.

V5  Classify the following into prefixes and suffixes:

re, less, ful, mis, non, anti, ment, able, ish, in, ex, ion, ship, multi, sub, ive. One example for each is given.

Answer:

Prefixes – re, mis, non, anti, in, ex, multi, sub

Suffixes – less, ful, ment, able, ish, ion, ship, ive

V6  Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prefixes choosing from the ones given above [V5] :

1. The school re opens on June 1.

2. Manish eats meat. He is a non-vegetarian. 

3. Terrorists are anti-social.

4. Bakra Nangal is a multipurpose project.

5. Plastic chairs are in expensive.

V7  Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes choosing from the

ones given above [V5]:

1. He was comfortable in his seat on the train.

2. He was acting in a very childish way.

3.   She looked at her reflection in the mirror.

4. India has won the Championship at Sharjah.

5. The rate of employment in India has been rising steadily.

8th Standard, Second Language English, POETRY 1 – BEAUTY

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8th Standard Second Language English

POETRY 1 – BEAUTY

Glossary:

harvest: the time of the year when the crops are gathered from farms.

sigh : take a long breath when tired.

earnest : serious and sincere.

C1. Answer the following questions. Share your response with others:

1. List out the things where beauty can be seen during the day.

Answer: The things where beauty can be seen during the day.

a) The trees

b) The birds

c) Corn growing

d) People working for the harvest.

e) People dancing for their harvest.

2. The poet says ‘beauty is heard in the night’. Pick out any two things of beauty from the poem that are seen at night.

Answer: The two things of beauty from the poem that are seen at night are, 

a) The Wind sighing

b) The rain falling.

3. Read the first and second stanzas of the poem again. Note the following phrases. Corn growing, people working or dancing, wind sighing, rain falling, a singer chanting….

These could be written as Corn that is growing, People who are working or dancing. 

Can you rewrite the other phrases like this? Why do you think the poet uses the shorter phrases?

Answer: 

Wind sighing – The wind which is sighing

Rain falling – The rain that is falling

A singer chanting – The singer who is chanting

The poet uses the shorter phrases because Poetry always conveys broad meanings in short words.

4. The poet says ‘Beauty is seen’ and ‘Beauty is heard.’  List out the beautiful things you have seen or heard.

Answer: The beautiful things I had seen.

a) Water falls

b) Lightning in sky

c) The cloud is moving

d) Peacock is dancing

e) Beauty of nature

f) Laugh of the innocent child

g) Flying birds

The beautiful things I had heard.

a) Song of Cuckoo

b) Water flowing sound

c) Man and women singing. 

d) The chirping of birds

5. The poet says ‘Beauty is in yourself.’ What things does she mention here? When does she want us to follow them?

Answer: The poet says that beauty lies within us. Beauty lies in the good deeds we do. That gives us inner happiness. Beauty lies in our good thoughts. That brings mental peace. The good work and thoughts we have done are repeated in our dreams, actions and in our work.

6. Write a paragraph about beauty. You can use your own ideas along with the ideas in the poem. (You may discuss with your partner.)

Answer: It is not easy to say clearly, where beauty lies specifically. There is a saying that ‘beauty is in the eye of the beholder’. Accordingly, beauty can be seen in different ways depending on the perspective of different people. There are two categories of beauty: external and internal. External beauty is the beauty that is seen from the outside. Inner beauty is the goodness that is seen only by the mind and heart.

Beauty can be in the form of a human being. It can be in a gushing waterfall. It can be in the waves of the sea. It can be in green forests. Beauty can be in the form of gods and goddesses. Similarly, beauty can be in the character and behaviour of a human being. Sometimes goodness itself seems to be beauty. Beauty may be in words. It may be in the descriptions of poets. However, inner beauty is always better than outer appearance.

 7. The phrase ‘wind sighing’ is personification. Give two more examples of personification. You may take the help of your teacher.

Answer: The two examples of personification are, 

1) Nature is sleeping.

2) The flowers dancing in the wind.

6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 2 – INDIA – OUR PRIDE

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6th Standard, Social Science, Chapter 2

INDIA – OUR PRIDE

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Unique contribution of Indians to Mathematics is using zero as a numeral for the first time.

2. The Shakuntala Sanskrit work was translated into English by William Jones

3. There is a grand Hindu temple in Angkorwat Cambodia.

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

  1. How India is called in the Puranas?

Answer: India is called Bharata Varsha in the Puranas.

  • What are the valuable Contributions to Mathematics from Indians?

Answer: Numerals, decimals, fractions and algebra are the contributions of ancient India. The credit of using ‘zero’ as a numeral for the first time goes to the Indians.

  • What was the great achievement of Aryabhata?

Answer: ‘Earth is round’, ‘Earth goes round the Sun’ this is stated by Aryabhata the Indian Scientist In these times of modern science the credit of discovering the truth (that the earth is round) is given to Copernicus who is ten centuries later than the Indian scientist Aryabhata.

  • Where in the world the famous gigantic Buddha temple located?

Answer: The famous gigantic Buddhist temple is located in Borobudur, Indonesia, specifically on the island of Java, in the Kedu Valley. It is the world’s largest Buddhist temple. 

  • Mention the three countries of South East Asian continent which spread Indian culture?

Answer: Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka are the South East Asian continent which spread Indian culture.

  • Mention any two Indian values.

Answer: ‘Acharya Devo Bhava’ and ‘Sarve Janah Sukhino Bhavantu’ are the two Indian Values.

III. Discuss

  1. The Value of equality of religion is practiced in our country.

Answer: India believes is the equality of all religions. Light is Light wherever it comes from, It has the power to eliminate darkness, similarly no matter what the religion may be, God is one, names are many is the Vedic saying. The value of equality of religion is a cornerstone of Indian society and is enshrined in the Indian Constitution. The country is a secular nation, meaning the state does not endorse any particular religion and treats all religions equally. Citizens have the fundamental right to freedom of religion, allowing them to profess, practice, and propagate any religion of their choice. 

Additional Questions:

  1. What are the main Indian contributions?

Answer: The main Indian contributions are,

a) The famous ‘Pythagoras’ Theorem was already known to Bodhayana the great Indian Scientist two centuries earlier. The indivisible unit of matter is called Atom (Anu). This was stated by an Indian sage Kanaada. He propounded this theory 27 centuries ago.

b) Indians knew the manufacture of steel since ancient time.

c) Indians were the foremost in building ships. Surat in Gujarat was a well – known place for ship building. After Indians identified the monsoon winds, the progress in the field of navigation picked up speed in the world.

d) Yoga and Sanskrit are also Indian contributions.

  • What are the main values of India?

Answer: The main values of India are,

  1. Aacharya Devo Bhava
  2. Non-violence
  3. Sarve Janah Sukhino Bhavantu
  4. Equality of all religions

Explain about the eternal values of India.

  1. Aacharya Devo Bhava: Education was not a matter of business in ancient Indian culture. The values taught by the teachers to the pupils three thousand years ago are relevant for all the ages (i) Tell the truth; (ii) Be righteous; (iii) Don’t be satisfied with your learning; (iv) Don’t be arrogant; (v) Treat mother, father, teacher and the guest as equal to Gods. These values are still relevant to the day and should be practiced.
  2. Non-violence: Indians are the foremost advocates of non-violence in the world. Buddhism and Jainism also advocate non-violence. It can be observed that Mahatma Gandhiji made this philosophy of non-viloence a powerful weapon which gave us Independence.

c) Sarve Janah Sukhino Bhavantu: (Let all people be happy) This is a noble value of our ancients. Let all people be happy – was the purpose of life. ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’. The thought that whole world is one family’ is unique to Indians.

d) Equality of all religions: Another value India believes is the equality of all religions. Light is Light wherever it comes from, It has the power to eliminate darkness, similarly no matter what the religion may be, God is one, names are many is the Vedic saying.

Activity: Locate on the map of Asian continent influenced by Indian culture.

8th Standard, English First Language PROSE 1, – THE HEAVENLY PARASOL

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8th Standard English FL PROSE-1

THE HEAVENLY PARASOL

Pre-reading task

1 What is a mace?

Answer: Mace is a simple weapon.

2 What are the features of a mace?

Answer: Mace has a heavy wooden or metal shaft, often reinforced with metal, featuring a head made of stones, copper, bronze, iron or steel.

3 What are the uses of a mace?

Answer: It was used in traditional warfare. For example, Bhima and Duryodhana fought with maces in the Mahabharatha war. Now-a-days, maces are used as symbols of authority in the emblems of a number of government bodies, universities and academic, parliamentary or civic rituals.

Pre-reading task :

Discuss these aspects with your classmates and write down the answers:

What is a “Parasol”?

Answer: Parasol is a Umbrella used to give shade from the Sun.

Where is it used?

Answer: It used in all over the world to protect from rain and sunlight.  

Why is it used?

Answer: It is used to protect from rain and sunlight.  

Glossary :

parasol : light umbrella used to give shade from the sun.

lure : attract or invite

exquisite : extremely beautiful or delicate

cast : spread, act of throwing something

sovereign : person holding highest power

dazed : confused, surprised, bewildered

portent : sign or warning of an unpleasant future event

impose : try to make somebody to accept

expedition : journey or voyage with a particular aim

weary : tired

wood : small forest

slain : kill violently

agitation : disturbed state of mind

brandish : display, show

barbarian : primitive, coarse or cruel human being

victim : living creature killed and offered as religious sacrifice

cringe : move back or lower one’s body in fear

incredulity : showing disbelief

vanished : disappeared.

I. Comprehension :

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each:-

1. What was the name of the beautiful princess of Pragjyotisha?

Answer: Amritaprabha is the name of the beautiful princess of Pragjyotisha.

2. What was arranged for her, when she attained the age of marriage?

Answer:  When she attained the age of marriage the king held a swayamvara to enable her to choose her husband.

3. Who was Meghavahana?

Answer: Meghavahana was the great-grandson of a former king of Kashmir.

4. Why did the priest cry out in surprise?

Answer: The parasol of Varuna has cast its shadow over the prince Meghavahana. So the priest cried out in surprise.

5. What was the uniqueness of the Parasol?

Answer: The Parasol casts its shadow on none else but a sovereign of the whole world. This was the uniqueness of the Parasol.

6. Why did the ministers of the Kashmir court make an offer to Meghavahana to be their King?

Answer: The King has devoted himself to a life of prayer and the affairs of the kingdom lie neglected. The people suffer because of this. That is why the ministers of the Kashmir court are dissatisfied with our present ruler and offer to Meghavahana to be their King.

7. What was the law imposed by Meghavahana in his kingdom?

Answer: Meghavahana imposed a law against the killing of living beings.

8. Why did Meghavahana want to conquer the island of Lanka?

Answer: Meghavahana want to conquer the island of Lanka because it is the land of demons and needs to be teach them the ways of peace.

9. What did Meghavahana witness in the middle of the wood?

Answer: Meghavahana witness in the middle of the wood, there was a temple of Chandika (Durga) with some sort of human sacrifice in progress on the steps.

10. Why did the barbarian want to kill an innocent man?

Answer:  The son of barbarian has fallen prey to some disease and is on his deathbed. If he kill that man in sacrifice, the gods will be pleased and save his son’s life.

11. How did Meghavahana rescue both the victim and the barbarian’s son?

Answer: The King offered his body in sacrifice to Chandika instead of the victim. God Varuna pleased from this action of king Meghavahana and saved both the victim and the barbarian’s son.

12. What happened when Meghavahana was about to strike himself?

Answer: As Meghavahana was about to strike himself, his head was covered with divine flowers of exquisite colour and perfume, and someone held back his arm. There was Varuna, the Lord of the Seas standing behind him.

B. Answer the following in about 150-200 words each:

1. Describe the incident of how Meghavahana got the heavenly parasol.

Answer: The king of the town of Pragjyotisha held a swayamvara to enable his beautiful princess Amritaprabha to choose her husband. Meghavahana, the great-grandson of a former king of Kashmir came that swayamvara. To Meghavahana’s surprise, the princess stopped before him and put the garland around his neck. Suddenly the parasol of Varuna has cast its shadow over the prince. Meghavahana looked up in surprise. All at once, he saw by his side, a beautiful, dazzling white parasol with exquisite decorations that was casting its shadow over him. The king of Pragjyotisha said, “This is the parasol of Varuna, the lord of the seas. It casts its shadow on none else but a sovereign of the whole world. You are destined for glory and brilliance”. That is how  Meghavahana got the heavenly parasol.

2. How did Varuna, the Lord of the Seas, test Meghavahana’s nobility of mind?

Answer:  Meghavahana became the king of Kashmir. Soon he proclaimed a law against the killing of living beings. It became his ambition to conquer other kingdoms to impose this law on them as well. Once, while on an expedition near the sea, the king told his weary army to rest in the shade of some palm groves. All of a sudden, there was a cry in the air. The cry came again and the king heard the plaintive call, “Even under Meghavahana’s rule. I have been slain!” There was a temple   of Chandika (Durga) with some sort of human sacrifice in progress on the steps. A man lay on the ground, his arms raised for mercy, and a menacing-looking barbarian stood over him, brandishing his sword. The barbarian said that his son was suffering from a fatal disease and was on his deathbed. He wanted to kill the victim in sacrifice and appease the gods. He hoped the gods would save his son’s life. Meghavahana stopped him. The barbarian pleaded with the king to allow him to kill the innocent man to save his son and relatives. Meghavahana decided to save the victim. He also decided to save the barbarian’s son. Meghavahana offered his body in sacrifice to goddess Chandika. However, barbarian not agreed to kill the king. The king drew out his sword was about to strike himself, his head was covered with divine flowers of exquisite colour and perfume, and someone held back his arm. The king whirled around in surprise and beheld a person of heavenly appearance. God Varun appeared before him. Then he realized that the barbarian, the victim and the ailing boy had vanished. The king turned around and surprised. God Varuna said that he created this illusion to test Meghavahana’s nobility of mind. “You are truly compassionate and noble.” Said God Varuna.

Some more questions:

  1. Who is Amritaprabha?

Answer: A beautiful princess in the town of Pragjyotisha called Amritaprabha.

  • Who came to the swayamvara of Amritaprabha?

Answer: Many illustrious suitors, lured by tales of Amritaprabha’s beauty, assembled there in the swayamvara of Amritaprabha.

  • Who is Meghavahana?

Answer: Meghavahana is the great-grandson of a former king of Kashmir.

  • Why did many illustrious suitors assemble in Pragjyotisha?

Answer: Many illustrious suitors heard tales of Amritaprabha’s beauty and assembled to participate the swayamvara of Amritaprabha in Pragjyotisha.

  • Who married Amritaprabha?

Answer: The king of Meghavahana married Amritaprabha.

  • What was Meghavahana’s ambition?

Answer: Meghavahana proclaimed a law against the killing of living beings. It became his ambition to conquer other kingdoms to impose this law on them as well.

  • Whose parasol was it that cast a shadow over the prince?

Answer: The parasol of Varuna has cast its shadow over the prince.

  • Where did the plaintive call that Meghavahana heard come from?

Answer: The plaintive call that Meghavahana heard come from a wood by the shore.

  • What did the barbarian say when Meghavahana offered himself in sacrifice to Chandika?

Answer: the barbarian say when Meghavahana offered himself in sacrifice to Chandika that he was the king. His life should be protect at all times. He said that life of the victim has no significance and requested Meghavahana do not show any pity to the victim. Let him die.

Why had god Varuna come there?

    Answer: God Varuna came there for reclaiming his parasol.

    Who was carried away the parasol of god Varuna?

      Answer: Parasol that was carried away from the town of god Varuna by the powerful Bhauma, the father of Meghavahana’s father-in-law.

      12.  What is the power of Varuna's parasol?

      Answer: The parasol of god Varuna has powers to quell calamities in my land.

      13.  What boon did Meghavahana ask from Varuna?
      Answer: Meghavahana asked Varuna for help to cross the waters so that he may conquer the island. 
      14.  Who was the king of Lanka on that time?
      Answer: Vibhishana was the king of Lanka on that time.
      15.  How did Meghavahana conquered Lanka? 
      Answer: Meghavahana assembled his troops on the shore. The waters swelled and crashed on the sand, and the soldiers trembled at its might. Meghavahana rode forward and plunged into the foaming ocean. All at once, the waters parted and the king, smiling at his troops’ astonishment, beckoned them to follow him. In this wondrous manner, Meghavahana reached Lanka and won over its king Vibhishana in the form of friendship.
      16.  Why did Amritaprabha get confused? What did she asked to Meghavahana? 
      Answer: Amritaprabha get confused because Meghavahana returned to his kingdom without the heavenly parasol. She asked Meghavahana  “Where is the parasol, my lord?”

      II. Read the following statements and answer the questions given below:

      1 “It casts its shade on none else but a sovereign of the whole world…”

      1. Who said this?

      Answer: The king of Pragjyothisha said this.

      • Who was it said to?

      Answer: It was said to Prince Meghavahana

      • When was it said?

      Answer: It was said when the parasol of Varuna appeared beside Meghavahana and cast its shadow over him.

      2.  “You wretch! You dare to threaten another’s life in my realm.”

      1. Who said this?

      Answer: The king Meghavahana said this.

      • To whom was it said?

      Answer: It was said to the barbarian.

      • Why was it said?

      Answer: The barbarian preparing to kill one man in sacrifice at that time.

      3.  “If you cannot bring yourself to strike at me, I will use my own sword for the purpose.”

      1. Who said this?

      Answer: King Meghavahana said this.

      • Who was the listener?

      Answer: The listener was the barbarian.

      • What meaning does this sentence convey?

      Answer: The King Meghavahana asked to the barbarian to kill him as sacrifice. But the barbarian refused to kill the king. Then the king said that he would kill himself with his own sword.

      III. Language Activity

      Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:

      1. Due to heavy rainfall the huge tree fell down and unfortunately, Shamu was caught under the tree. (under, down, below)

      2. There is a roof over us. (above, over)

      3. I bought a gift for my brother. (to, for)

      4. Sheetal took leave from her office. (of, from)

      5. They climbed up the stairs, went on the terrace to have a view of the star studded sky. (on, up, above)

      6. I have to go to a meeting at 12.30 p.m. (at, on)

      7. I cried “Help, Help” when the boy fell into the well. (down, into)

      8. Shika travels from Chandigarh to Delhi every week. (on, from,to)

      9. My sister’s wedding is at Hotel Taj in Mumbai. (in, on, at)

      10. Shashank took an express bus to Mysuru, which goes through Mandya. (by, through)

      IV. Listening Activity:

      Listen to your teacher’s reading of the following words. Find the difference in their pronunciation and repeat and practise the words along with your teacher :

      (i) effect : / ifekt / (ii) expect : / ik΄spekt /

      affect : / ə’fekt / except : / ik΄sept /

      (iii) except : / ik΄sept/ (iv) price : / p΄rais /

      accept : /ək’sept/ prize : / p΄raiz /

      praise : / preiz /

      (v) his : / hiz/ (vi) hire : / haiə/

      is : / iz / heir : / eə(r)/

      (vii) are : / a: (r) / (viii) hair : / heə /

      or : / o: (r) / air : / eə(r)/

      V. Speaking Activity :

      Form groups of five each and discuss the stories of great men like Swami Vivekananda, King Ashoka, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, St Francis of Assisi, Mother Theresa etc., who displayed their compassion and love for mankind like Meghavahana. One member from each group has to come forward and narrate a story to the class.

      VI. DICTIONARY USE

      A. Choose the appropriate specialists given below in brackets for the following ailments: (Take the help of a dictionary)

      (Gynaecologist, Paediatrician, Obstetrician, Dermatologist, Ophthalmologist, Cardiologist, Psychiatrist, Psychologist, Orthopaedician, Physiotherapist)

      1. Sheela has got white patches on her skin. She needs to consult a Dermatologist

      2. Priya cannot see the letters on the board. She has to see an Ophthalmologist

      3. The child is suffering from fever. The parents have to take him to a Paediatrician

      4. Kiran fell from the cycle and broke his bones got injured. He immediately consulted an Orthopaedician

      5. Students are stressed because of their exams. They should have a session with a Psychologist

      6. My grandfather had a pain in the chest. We took him to a Cardiologist

      7. This person has really gone mad. He needs the help of a Psychiatrist

      8. Rohan always suffers from muscle catch and cramps. So he always visits his Physiotherapist

      9. Ritu introduced me to an Obstetrician who delivered her baby.

      10. A Gynaecologist specialises in treating the ailments of women.

      VII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word chosen from the homophones given in brackets:

      1. I can’t hear you from such a distance. Come here and tell me. (here, hear)

      2. Arjun used some formula to solve the sum. (sum, some)

      3. Veena has lakhs of rupees but still she lacks peace.

      (lacks, lakhs)

      4. Two years ago, the shop was seized and so it ceased to exist.

      (ceased, seized)

      5. We should know how to say no without hurting others. (no, know)

      VIII. Reading Activity:

      Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

      Alexander Fleming

      His name was Fleming, and he was a poor Scottish farmer. One day, while trying to eke out a living for his family, he heard a cry for help coming from a nearby bog. He dropped his tools and ran to the bog. There, mired to his waist in black muck, was a terrified boy, screaming and struggling to free himself. Farmer Fleming saved the lad from what could have been a slow and terrifying death.

      The next day, a fancy carriage pulled up at the Scotsman’s sparse surroundings. An elegantly dressed nobleman stepped out and introduced himself as the father of the boy Farmer Fleming had saved.

      “I want to repay you”, said the nobleman. “You saved my son’s life.’’ “No, I can’t accept payment for what I did”, the Scottish farmer replied, waving aside the offer. At that moment, the farmer’s own son came to the door of the family hovel.

      “Is that your son?” the nobleman asked. “Yes,” the farmer replied proudly. “I’ll make you a deal. Let me take him and give him a good education. If the lad is anything like his father, he’ll grow into a man you can be proud of”, said the nobleman. And that he did. In time,

      Farmer Fleming’s son graduated from St.Mary’s Hospital Medical School in London, and went on to become known throughout the world as the noted Sir Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of Penicillin. Years afterwards, the nobleman’s son was stricken with pneumonia. What saved him? Penicillin. The name of the nobleman? Lord Randolph Churchill. His son’s name? Sir Winston Churchill.

      IX. Answer the following as directed:

      I. Find the meanings of the following words: (Take the help of a dictionary)

      (a) bog (c) lad (e) hovel (b) muck (d) sparse (f) pneumonia

      Bog = an area of ground that is very soft and wet

      Lad = a boy or young man

      Hovel = a house or room that is not fit to live in because it is dirty or in very bad condition

      Muck = dirt or mud, the waste from farm animals, used to make plants grow better

      Sparse = small in quantity or amount, thin

      Pneumonia = a serious illness of the lungs which makes breathing difficult

      2. Farmer Fleming saved the boy from slow and terrifying death. (Fill in the blank)

      3. What was the deal the nobleman made with Farmer Fleming?

      Answer: The noblemen offered to take Fleming’s son and give him good education.

      4. Farmer Fleming’s son graduated from St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School in London. (Fill in the blank)

      5. Who was Farmer Fleming’s son?

      Answer:  Sir Alexander Fleming was the son of Farmer Fleming.

      6. The nobleman’s son suffered from pneumonia. (Fill in the blank)

      7. What is the lesson you learn from the story?

      Answer: If we helps others, once it well helps us in future.  The saying “If you help others, someone else will help you” reflects a belief in the interconnectedness of kindness and reciprocity. While it is not a guarantee, there is evidence suggesting that acts of giving can lead to a greater likelihood of receiving support in return, either directly or indirectly.

      8. The nobleman’s son was Sir Winston Churchill. (Fill in the blank)

      X. Fill the missing letters in the adjectives:

      Eg: The character of a person who gets angry very fast:

      s h o r t _ t e m p e r e d

      1) The character of a person who always remains calm and poised: composed

      2) The character of a person who is concerned too much with his own needs or wishes : selfish

      3) The character of a person which is compared to a fox: cunning

      4) The character of a person who is careful and precise in everything: meticulous

      5) The character of a person who exhibits very strong emotions or intense enthusiasm for something: passionate

      6th Standard, English POEM 1 – MARCH

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      6th Standard, English POEM – 1

      MARCH

      Glossary :

      twitter – (of the bird) to make a number of short rapid sounds

      doth – old form of does

      glitter – shine brightly with flashing points of light

      retreat – go back, especially when forced to do so 

      fare ill (v) – be unsuccessful

      ploughboy – (in olden times) a boy who leads a horse that is pulling the plough

      whoop – make a loud cry (as of joy)

      fountain – a natural spring of water

      prevail – gain control, victory; win a fight

      scene – something spread out to view

      anon – in a short time, soon

      Pre-reading task :

      1. How many seasons do we have in a year? (Spring, summer, autumn and winter)

      Answer: There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn (fall), and winter.

      According to the Indian calendar there are six rithus- Vasantha, Greeshma, Varsha, Sharath, Hemantha and Shishira.

      2. Which season comes after winter?

      Answer: The season that comes after winter is spring. 

      3. What changes do we see in Nature in spring?

      Answer: In spring, nature experiences a revival after winter, with warmer temperatures, longer days, and the awakening of dormant life. Plants begin to grow and bloom, animals emerge from hibernation, and new life, like baby animals, is often born. The season is characterized by increased daylight, milder weather, and the blossoming of flowers, creating a vibrant and colorful environment. 

      Exercises

      Shall we talk a little about this poem?

      1. Complete these sentences with the best choice given

      a. The poet is watching the scene from a place

       i) near a lake iii) near a field

      ii) Near a stream iv) on the top of a hill

      Answer: ii) near a stream

      b. In the first five lines of the poem the poet is speaking to

      i) himself iii) two friends

      ii) a companion iv) a group of people

      Answer: i) himself

      c. The ploughboy is making loud cries

      i) to talk to the horses

      ii) to call out to other workers

      iii) just to shout with joy

      iv) to give signals to the ploughman.

      Answer: iii) just to shout with joy

      2. Talk to your partner about the points raised in the questions below. Write down what you say:

      a. Who are at work?

      Answer: oldest and the youngest are at work with the strongest.

      b. Why are the cows not raising their heads?

      Answer: The cows not raising their heads because they are grazing the grass. 

      c. What is the ploughboy doing?

      Answer: The ploughboy is whooping ‘anon – anon’ on the top of the hill.

      d. Why does the poet say that the snow is only on the top of the bare hill?

      Answer: In that spring season (March) the snow will be only at the top of the hill. The snow at the other parts will be melt because of the warm season.

      e. Why is the poem called “March”?

      Answer: The poet describes the incidents of a March month. So the poem called as “March”.

      f. Pick out the rhyming words in the poem and write them down.

      Answer: The rhyming words in the poem are,

      Crowing-flowing, twitter-glitter, youngest-strongest, grazing-raising, sun-one, defeated-retreated, ill-hill, mountains-fountains, sailing-prevailing, anon-gone

      Writing :

      3. The poet uses two figures of speech – a personification and a simile. Find them and explain them in 6 to 8 sentences.

      Answer: Simile is a word or phrase that compares something to something else, using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’, for example ‘face like a mask’ or ‘white as snow’; the use of such words and phrases. Examples in the poem are,

      1. Like an army defeated The snow hath retreated,
      2. There are forty feeding like one!

      Personification is a literary device where human qualities or actions are attributed to inanimate objects, abstract ideas, or animals. Examples in the poem are,

      1. The green field sleeps in the sun
      2. Small clouds are sailing

      a) Do the exercise given below working with your partner.

      As we read this poem, we see beautiful scenes of Nature and rural land. Wordsworth makes us hear sounds of birds and voices of men, women, boys and girls busy at farm work. One can imagine even the heavy breathing of cows as they graze ravenously. Wordsworth stands above and wonders on the change March has brought with it.`

      3rd Standard, English FL Unit 1, Prose – JUMBO OF INDIAN CRICKET – ANIL KUMBLE

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      3rd Standard, English FL Unit 1, Prose – JUMBO OF INDIAN CRICKET – ANIL KUMBLE
      New words :
      first class : in simple words, it means a match played cricket between two states or two countries
      roundabout : a place where two or more roads meet round a central point
      Let us understand:

      I. Answer the following orally:-
      1 Where did Anil first start playing cricket?
      Answer: Anil Kumble started playing cricket in the streets of Basavangudi in Bengaluru.
      2 When did Anil play his first test match?
      Answer: Anil began playing test matches in 1990 in the match against England
      3 What awards has the Government of India given him?
      Answer: He has been honoured with the Arjuna Award and the Padmashree by the Government of India.
      4 Where does Anil Kumble live now?
      Answer: He lives in Bengaluru with his wife Chetana and their three children.

      II. Look at the picture and answer the questions orally:
      1 Is Aamir boxing?
      Answer: No, He is not boxing.
      2 Is Sachin bowling?
      Answer: No, Sachin is batting.
      3 Is Anand rowing?
      Answer: No, Anand is playing Chess.
      4 Is Asin playing golf?
      Answer: No, Asin is not playing golf.

      III. Let us write:-
      A. Write answers to the following in your notebook:-
      1 Which club did Anil join?
      Answer: Anil joined the Young Cricketers club.
      2 What has Anil Kumble studied?
      Answer: Anil Kumble is a qualified mechanical engineer. He is a B.E Graduate.
      3 What is the record set by Anil Kumble?
      Answer: Anil Kumble set a new record by taking all 10 wickets in single innings while playing against Pakistan.
      4 How has the Karnataka Government honoured Kumble?
      Answer: The Government of Karnataka has honoured him by naming a roundabout in Bengaluru as the “Anil Kumble” circle.

      B. Match the following:-
      Do you know these cricketers? They are from Karnataka too! Let’s see if you can match the names with the pictures.
      Answer:
      1 a. Shanta Rangaswamy
      2 b. Robin Uthappa
      3 c. Rahul Dravid
      4 d. Gundappa Vishwanath
      C. Some games are played inside a building. Others are played outside. For example: Chess is played inside whereas hockey, the national game of India, is played outside. Games that are played in-side are called indoor games. Games that are played outside are called outdoor games.
      Now look at the pictures below and complete the table:
      Indoor Games Outdoor Games
      Carrom Kabaddi
      Chess Horse race
      Karate boating

      IV. Let us practise language :

      1. Look at the little boy. What is he doing?
        He is running
      2. What is the little girl doing?
        She is eating.
        What do these words running and eating tell us? They tell us what the boy and the girl are doing. running and eating. These words show action.
        A . Now look at these pictures and write the action word for each picture.
        Reading, Playing, Laughing, Driving, Praying
        B. Now write five sentences of your own using these action words.
      3. Maya is reading the book.
      4. Arjun is playing in the ground.
      5. Kiran is laughing to the joke.
      6. Leela is driving the bus very well.
      7. Ramesh is praying the god every day.
        C. Look at the given picture and describe it in about five sentences using the action words:-
        We can see all are enjoying in this park. Mother and her two children were eating the food. One boy is swimming. A boy and a girl looking at the tree. A boy is sitting in the bench and reading the book. Girl and boy playing with the ball. Mother and her son laughing. A dog is watching everywhere.
        Let us do:
        V A) Make a paper-plate football.
        What you’ll need is:
        A plain paper plate, red craft paint, black crayon, glue stick, 24” yellow crepe paper streamer, a pair of scissors.
        How to make it: Draw a football pattern in the inner circle on the paper plate. Colour alternate areas black with a crayon. Trace the joining lines as well. Paint the outer circle of the plate red. Cut the streamer into two pieces, one a little bit longer than the other.
        Keep the longer strip aside. Cut the remaining strip into two strips of equal length. One strip should be narrow and the other wide. Stick the longest, widest strip to the back of the plate in the center. Stick the medium strip on one side of the long tape, then finally, stick the narrow strip on the other side of the strip. Using white glue, attach pom-poms around the border of the plate, as shown in the picture. Your paper plate football is ready.
        B.Team Work: Divide yourselves into groups of five. Each group should discuss its favourite sport and favourite sport stars. Collect the pictures of the stars, write two sentences about each of them, make a collage of this on a piece of chart paper. Display the charts on the display board in class.
        New word:
        collage: the art of making a picture by sticking pieces of coloured cloth or photo graphs onto a surface
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