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Paper Boats

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5th Standard, English, Second Language, Unit 7, Poetry

Paper Boats

Words to Know

stream : flowing water 

strange : unknown 

shiuli flowers : white and orange parijatha flowers

blooms : bud opening into flower

dawn : time of first sunshine

launch : send

bulging : swollen

playmate : a friend

fairies : beautiful, charming ladies who live in

the other world

lading : load

Comprehension

C1 Answer the following questions in two to three sentences each.

1. How many boats did the child float?

Answer: The child floats many boats day by day, one by one down the running stream.

2. Why did the child write its name on the boat?

Answer: The child write its name on the boat because the child hope that someone in some strange land will find them and know the child.

3. What did the child load the boat with?

Answer: The child load its little boats with shiuli flowers from its garden. 

4. What did the child dream at night?

Answer: When night comes the child dream that her paper boats float on and on under the midnight stars. The fairies of sleep are sailing in them, and the lading is their baskets full of dreams.

C2 Pick out words or phrases from the poem that mean the following:

• flowing water stream.

• flowers that blossom in the early morning shiuli.

• set the paper boats afloat launch.

• imaginary friend playmate.

Activity

A1 RIDDLE: 

I go up and down a lot, 

Whether it is cold or hot 

Sometimes I am on the ground

Other times I am in the clouds 

My name rhymes with daughter 

I am your friend named ______________ 

Answer: Water

A2 Make a paper boat and decorate it.

7th Standard, English Second Language, Unit 6 – JOURNEY TO THE TOP

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7th Standard, English Second Language, Unit 6

JOURNEY TO THE TOP

Vocabulary:

V1. The following are the meanings of words that you have read. Find out the word from the text and fill in the blanks. As a clue, the first letter of the word is given. One is done for you.

After a period of time or delay (para 1.) eventually

1. The highest point of a mountain (para7) s – summit

2. An experienced and trusted adviser (para 5) m – mentor

3. A mass of snow and ice, tumbling rapidly down a mountain (para 7) a – avalanche

4. A personal account of one’s own life (para 9) a – autobiography,

5. A journey or a voyage for a particular purpose especially exploration, scientific research or war (para 6) e – expedition.

V2. Pick out the words from paragraph two which describe Bachendri Pal. One is done for you.

Answer:

1. rebellious

2. active

3. independent

4 fearless.

Work in pairs:

V3. Write three words which describe you and your friend.

Answer:

 You                                            Friend

1. Shy                            1. Naughtier

2. Caring.                     2. Rash

3. Friendly                    3. Funny

C2. Answer each of the following questions and compare your answers with those of your partner.

1. Describe the trade of Bachendri Pal’s father.

Answer: Bachendri Pal’s father was a border tradesman who would take wheat flour and rice from India to Tibet on mules, horses and goats.

2. Write about Bachendri’s love for adventure and the mountains.

Answer: Always a rebellious child, Bachendri loved wandering in the snow-clad Garhwal 

Himalayas. She dreamt of flying in aeroplanes and meeting famous people and this always amused her family. She was an active child and did well in her studies at school. She excelled in sports too. She was independent and fearless. She climbed, together with a group of 12-year old classmates, 4000 m (13,123 feet) height during a picnic. As she could not come down before nightfall, she had to spend the night there, without food or shelter along with the others.

3. Why did Bachendri apply to NIM for a course?

Answer: Her B.A. graduation thrilled her parents, who had wanted her to be the first girl in the village with a degree. She eventually did an M.A in Sanskrit and then B.Ed. In spite of these achievements, the job offers that came in were only temporary and junior-level positions. Inspired by her love for the mountains, Bachendri decided to apply to the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (Uttarkashi) for the Basic Mountaineering Course. She was judged the best student in the course, and much to her surprise, was marked down as ‘Everest Material’! 

4. Name the awards given to Bachendri Pal.

Answer: The awards given to Bachendri Pal are as follows.

1. Bachendri’s mountaineering excellence has been honoured by the Government of India with the country’s highest sports award, the Arjuna Award,

2. The highly coveted ‘Padmashri’

3. The National Adventure Award. 

4. Among the other major awards, Bachendri was awarded the ‘Yash Bharathi’ award by the Government of Uttar Pradesh.

5. ‘Gold Medal’ by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation.

6. Award from the Department of Education, Uttar Pradesh State.

7. The Lifetime Achievement Award by Kolkata Sports Journalists Association.

5. As students, what do we learn from Bachendri Pal’s life?

Answer: Bachendri Pal was the first Indian woman to climb the summit of Mt. Everest. The middle one of five children, she was born in 1954 at Nakuri, a small village in the Garhwal Himalayas in the present Uttarakhand. Bachendri was from a modest background. Bachendri loved wandering in the snow-clad Garhwal Himalayas. She dreamt of flying in aeroplanes and meeting famous people and this always amused her family. She was an active child and did well in her studies at school. She excelled in sports too. She completed her Advanced Mountaineering Course too with flying colours. Bachendri climbed the Gangotri (6672 m/21900 ft) and Rudugaria (5819 m/19,091 ft.) in an advanced camp (1982) during her time at NIM. However, Bachendri Pal continued her climb to reach the peak on May 23rd 1984. Bachendri conquered the summit of Sagarmatha (the Nepali name for the highest peak in the world) at 1:07 p.m. It was a difficult climb of over 29028 ft. (8848 m). Her dream had come true. Bachendri’s mountaineering excellence has been honoured by many awards.

From Bachendri Pal’s life, students can learn the importance of perseverance, courage, and never giving up on your dreams, even when faced with challenges like financial difficulties or societal expectations. Her journey shows that with determinationand hard work, it is possible to achieve seemingly impossible goals. She also teaches that challenges can be opportunities for growth and that believing in yourself is key to success. Her life shows how hard work and the will to succeed can raise one to greater heights.

6. In which paragraphs do you find the following information about Bachendri Pal? Discuss

a. She was not only interested in mountaineering but also in education.

Answer: Paragraph number 4.

b. Her mountaineering excellence was recognized.

Answer: Paragraph number 6

c. Her greatest contribution to the poor women with mountaineering skills. 

Answer: Paragraph number 5

Check your understanding: C1. Answer each of the following questions in a word, a phrase or a sentence as required.

1. What amused the family of Bachendri Pal?

Answer: Always a rebellious child, Bachendri loved wandering in the snow-clad Garhwal Himalayas. She dreamt of flying in aeroplanes and meeting famous people and this always amused her family.

2. Where was Bachendri Pal born?

Answer: Bachendri Pal was born in 1954 at Nakuri, a small village in the Garhwal Himalayas in the present Uttarakhand.

3. Where did Bachendri Pal apply for her Basic Mountaineering Course?

Answer: Bachendri applied to the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (Uttarkashi) for the Basic Mountaineering Course.

4. Who was Brigadier Gyan Singh?

Answer: Brigadier Gyan Singh was the mentor of Bachendri Pal. He is the Director of the National Adventure Foundation (NAF), came to Uttarkashi in February 1983 to run an adventure course for teachers at the NIM.

 5. For what purpose was the ‘Bhagirathi Seven Sisters Adventure Club’ established?

Answer: “Bhagirathi Seven Sisters Adventure Club” was set up for help poor girls like through Bachendri Pal and the other poor could use their mountaineering skill to make a living.

Check your understanding:

1. What was Bachendri Pal selected for?

Answer: Bachendri was selected for the Indian Everest Expedition in 1984. This was the first mixed expedition and its prime aim was to provide Indian women the opportunity to face the challenge of climbing Mt. Everest.

2. What is the Nepali name for the highest peak in the world?

Answer:  Sagarmatha is the Nepali name for the highest peak in the world.

3. Which is the country’s highest sports award that was given to Bachendri?

Answer: The country’s highest sports award, the Arjuna Award, the highly coveted ‘Padmashri’ as well as the National Adventure Award was given to Bachendri.

4. Name the autobiography of Bachendri Pal.

Answer: “Everest – My Journey to the Top.” is the autobiography of Bachendri Pal.

Language in use:

G1. Work in pairs:

Look at the following sentences from the text ‘Journey to the Top’:

a. He eventually settled near Uttarkashi where he got married. (Para 1)

b. Her graduation thrilled her parents who wanted her to be the first girl in the village with a degree. (Para 4)

In the sentences above, the words printed in bold letters relate the two parts of the sentence. These connecting words are called relative pronouns /conjunctions.

who, which, where, why and what can be used as relative pronouns.

G2. Find out sentences from the text with relative pronouns.

Answer:

1 . Her father was a border tradesman who would take wheat flour and rice from India to Tibet on mules, horses and goats. (Para 1)

2. But her determination to study impressed her parents who allowed her to finish high school. (Para 3)

3 . The principal of her school persuaded her family to send her to college, where she defeated both boys and girls in rifle shooting and other competitions. (Para 3)

4 . Bachendri, whose family was under economic pressure, became an instructor here and reduced their financial burden. (Para 5)

5. ‘‘My thoughts went to my father and mother who taught us the value of struggle and the value of efforts.’(Para 7)

G3. Read the following sentences.

1. I do not distrust my faithful and loving friends.

2. A teacher is always fair and impartial.

3. An experiment is an unending quest.

The addition of a syllable at the beginning of a word is called a prefix. Prefixes like un, in, dis, im, etc., can be used.

G4. Add a prefix and make the word mean the opposite

*active x inactive 

1. dependent x independent

2. expected x unexpected

3. like x unlike

4. honour x dishonour

5. employed x unemployed

6. experienced x inexperienced

7. complete x incomplete

Writing Practice

Work in pairs: One student asks questions and the other writes it down.

W1. Choose an artist, dancer, sculptor, craftsman in your locality and collect the following information about them.

a) What is the full name of the person?

b) What is his/her art/craft?

c) Where was she/he born?

d) Who supported her and helped her/him?

e) Who trained him/her?

f) What awards/prizes has she/he won?

g) Does he/she train others?

Now, write a paragraph based on the information collected about the person and read it to the class.

W2. Write down a few questions you would like to ask ‘Bachendri Pal’ if you would meet her.

1. When you reached the summit of Mount Everest and looked down, what was the very first emotion or thought that came to your mind?

2. What is your inspiration?

3. What is your advice to the young generation to achieve the goal?

4. How did the lessons you learned on your life and work after the climb, particularly in inspiring and leading other women?

W3. Expand the following abbreviations. Add two more of your choice: 

 One is done for you. 

S.S.L.C – Secondary School Leaving Certificate.

1. B.A. – Bachelor of Arts

2. B.Ed. – Bachelor of Education

3. M.Sc. – Master of Science

4. B. E – Bachelor of Engineering

5. M.B.B.S – Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

W4. Make a list of the qualities you admire in your parents. Have you inherited them? If yes, write it in your notebook.

W5. Discuss in groups: Add a few more awards given in our country other than the ones mentioned in the lesson.

1. Arjuna Award is a national award given to recognize excellence in sports.

2. Padmashri award is the fourth-highest civilian award of the India after the Bharath Rathna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan.

3. Bharath Rathna is India’s highest civilian award, given for exceptional service and performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour.

4. Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in India, awarded for “distinguished service of a high order” in any field.

5. Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award in India, given for “exceptional and distinguished service” in any field of activity.

Project work: Work in groups

Find out the things used by mountaineers, collect pictures and prepare an album.

Suggested Reading:

1. Himalayan Journal – Himalayan Club

2. Tenzing Norgay and the Sherpas of Everest – Tashi Tenzing, Judy Tenzing.

8th Standard, English First Language, SUPPLEMENTARY READING – SECTION 19 – THE MISER

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8th Standard, English First Language, SUPPLEMENTARY READING – SECTION 19

THE MISER

Glossary:

miser : a person who loves wealth for his own sake and spends as little as possible, stingy.

barns : building for storing grains, hay, …..

dowdy : dull, unfashionable

gruel : simple dish made of oatmeal

raisins : dried sweet grape

ingredients : the list of items combined to make a particular dish

crave : to have a strong desire for something

drool : let saliva flow from the mouth with a wish to eat something.

rumble : make a deep heavy continuous sound

groan : deep sad sound, complain irritably

misery : great suffering or discomfort

appall: horror or deep shock

remorse : sense of regret for having done something wrong

crumb : a very small piece.

delight : great pleasure, joy

impostor : person pretending to be somebody else

solemn : done in a serious and committed way

hoard : carefully collected and guarded store of money or other objects

plunder : steal, rob

rage, wrath : violent or extreme anger

deceiver : person who misleads or misguides purposefully

reluctant : unwilling

ordeal : difficult or painful experience

Comprehension

I. Answer in a sentence or two each:

1. What was there in Surender’s hoard to call himself wealthy?

            Answer: There was three huge barns heaped high with gold and silver, rare diamonds and precious stones in Surender’s hoard to call himself wealthy.

2. What did he see in the market place one day?

Answer: He saw a man eating a ladoo in the market place one day.

3. How did he savour the thought of having a ladoo?

Answer:  It was a large, soft, yellow ladoo rich with raisins and cashew nuts. Surender’s mouth began to water. It looked so delicious! Surender could almost feel its sweetness tickling his tongue. He wanted to eat and thought of having a ladoo.

4. How did Surender’s longing for a ladoo make him suffer?

Answer:  When he got home, Surender found that his craving for a ladoo would just not go away. He wanted to eat one so badly that he began to drool. His legs grew weak and his stomach began to rumble loudly.

5. Why was Vandana happy when Surender asked for a ladoo?

Answer: Vandana thought that she can makes dozens of Ladoos. Then they can share them with their children and neighbours and servants, too. So she was very happy when Surender asked for a ladoo.

6. Why didn’t Vandana’s happiness last long?

            Answer: Surender did not allowed to make ladoos for not only for neighbours and servants but also Vandana and his children too. That is why Vandana’s happiness didn’t last long.

7. How many ladoos did Vandana finally make? Why?

Answer: Vandana made only one ladoo finally. Because Surender did not allowed to make ladoos for not only for neighbours and servants but also Vandana and his children too.

8. Who was witnessing the whole course of Surender’s miserliness?

Answer:  Sakka, the King of the Gods and Ruler of the Heavens was witnessing the whole course of Surender’s miserliness.

9. When did Sakka assume Surender’s own form and walk into his house?

Answer: The next day, when Surender went for his morning walk, Sakka assumed Surender’s own form and walked in through his front door.

10. Why was Vandana astonished?

Answer:  “Today I am going to share my wealth,” said by Surender to Vandana. That is why Vandana astonished.

11. What was the warning given by the make- believe Surender to the crowd at his barns?

Answer: The make- believe Surender warned the crowd that do not be afraid if an impostor who looks like him comes to threaten and stop them. He told the crowd to drive him away fearlessly.

12. What was the real Surender’s complaint to his Majesty?

            Answer: Surender complained that he was robbed and looted of all his treasure by the people of the town. He also complained that the people began chased him when he had protested.

13. Whom did the puzzled king request to decide on the two look alike Surenders?

   Answer: The puzzled king requested Vandana, the wife of real Surender to decide which one is her husband Surender.

14. What was Vandana’s trial?

Answer:  Vandana asked the question to both Surender. She asked the both Surenders “Is it better to be generous to yourself, your family, your neighbours and friends, or your servants?” That was the trial of Vandana.

15. How did Sakka convince Surender to mend his miserly ways?

Answer:  Sakka convinced Surender to overcome from his miserliness. Because of his miserliness even his own wife and children did not want him. Sakka said that only hope for salvation is for Surender to stop being a miser. Sakka also ordered to Surender to be a lot more generous in his life.

16. How did Vandana want to celebrate when the ordeal was over?

Answer: Vandana decided to make dozens of ladoos for celebrate when the ordeal was over.

II Answer the following questions in about fifty words each:

  1. Explain Surender’s miserliness.

Answer:  Surender was so wealthy that he had three huge barns heaped high with gold and silver, rare diamonds and precious stones. But he was a terrible miser, too. He was so stingy that he was loathe to spend any of his carefully hoarded treasure. He bought the cheapest and the dowdiest and the most ordinary clothes for his children. For food, he stopped just short of starving his family. They supped on gruel most of the time, so that more money could be saved.

  • Why didn’t Surender ask his wife to make a ladoo?

Answer: His wife, Vandana, was an excellent cook and Surender knew that if he asked her, she would make him a ladoo. But she would naturally make one for herself, too, and one for each of their four children, and perhaps some for their servants and their friends, too. The thought of wasting all that money on the ingredients made him quite ill. That is why Surender decided didn’t ask his wife to make a ladoo.

  • How did Sakka, the King of the Gods teach a lesson to Surender?

Answer:  Sakka, the King of the Gods and Ruler of the Heavens was witnessing the whole course of Surender’s miserliness and decided to teach him a lesson. The next day, when Surender went for his morning walk, Sakka assumed Surender’s own form and walked in through his front door. He told Vandana that he will share all his wealth to the people of the city. He asked Vandana to open the doors of all his treasure houses, and invite all the townsfolk to take what they wish. As per the instruction of the Sakka, the people began to chase the real Surender. Surender ran to the king’s palace complained about the whole incident before the king. The king sent a messenger to Surender’s house and soon the make – believe Surender arrived with Vandana and the children. The King asked Vandana to identify the real Surender. She asked one question both of the Surender and decided that Sakka is her husband. Then God Sakka reverted to his original form and convinced the real Surender to be generous because of his miserliness even his own wife and children did not want him. Surender promised to be a more generous. That is how Sakka, the King of the Gods teach a lesson to Surender.

  • Describe Surender’s ordeal in the King’s palace.

Answer: Surender ran to the king’s palace complained about the whole incident before the king. The king sent a messenger to Surender’s house and soon the make – believe Surender arrived with Vandana and the children. Now there are two Surenders. The puzzled king looked from one to the other. The King asked Vandana to identify the real Surender. She asked one question both of the Surender and decided that Sakka is her husband. She asked the both Surenders “Is it better to be generous to yourself, your family, your neighbours and friends, or your servants?”

‘To all!’ Sakka replied promptly. But real Surender replied “To none!”

After these answers from both, Vandana drew close to God Sakka and told the king the he is her husband and he is the real Surender. The real Surender let out an agonized cry of grief and disbelief. Then God Sakka reverted to his original form and convinced the real Surender to be generous because of his miserliness even his own wife and children did not want him. Surender promised to be a more generous.

III Vocabulary:

Fill the missing letters to get the synonyms of the following:

1. stone:               p_b _l_

2. inactive:           p_s_ _ ve

3. forgive:             p_ _ d_ n

4. suffering:          p _ _ n _ ul

5. location:           p_ _c_

6. choose:            p _ _f_ _

7. artist:               p _ _ nt _r

8. couple:             p _ _r

9. picture:            p _ o _ o _ r _ _ h

10. strong:            p _w _ _ f _l

Answer:

            1 . pebble

            2. passive

            3. pardon

            4. painful

            5. place

            6. prefer

            7. painter

            8. pair

     9. photograph

     10. powerful

8th Standard, English, First Language, POEM 14 – IMAGINATION (Memorization)

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8th Standard, English, First Language, POEM-14

IMAGINATION (Memorization)

Glossary:

Pirate: One who plunders at sea

Eskimos: inhabitants of arctic

fantasy was all aglow: that which comes from one’s imagination

mysterious: having unknown qualities.

About the poet:

George Bernard Shaw (1856 – 1950) was an Irish playwright. Although his first profitable writing was music and literary criticism, in which capacity he wrote many highly articulate pieces of journalism. But his main talent was for drama, and he wrote more than 60 plays. Nearly all his writings deal sternly with prevailing social problems.

Shaw is the only person to have been awarded both a Nobel Prize for Literature (1925) and an Oscar (1938) for his contributions to literature. The movie My Fair Lady is an adaptation of his interesting play, Pygmalion.

I. Answer the following in two or three sentences each:

1. What do you think were the “simple things” done by the cowboy?

Answer: The “simple things” done by the cowboy are,

            1. Playing at Pirates

            2. Sailing the seven seas.

2. Do you enjoy reading? What do you feel are the joys of reading?

Answer: Yes. I enjoy reading. Sometimes it feel funny when reading comics and fantasies. We will get more knowledge in reading lot of books like Stories, Science and General Knowledge. Some books are helpful to our academic career.

3. Where do the Eskimos live?

Answer: The Eskimos lives in the land of ice and snow. They are inhabitants of arctic region of the world.

4. Why does the poet say “my fantasy was all aglow”?

Answer:  The poet read adventurous books and escaped the daily grind. In his fantasy world he went to the land of ice and snow. He imagined that he is living with the Eskimos. He went hunting and fishing with them with joy. So he says “my fantasy was all aglow”.

5. When did the poet go to the moon? Did he stay there?

Answer: After reading the book of Jules Verne, the poet went to the moon. But he didn’t stayed in the moon. His journey to the moon was just for to take a look.  Then he returned to the earth.

6. Who was his guide in the forests of Africa?

Answer: Dr. Livingstone was the guide of the poet in the forests of Africa. He spent time in the forests of Africa with the help of his guide Dr. Livingstone.

7. What were the deeds performed by the poet in his world of imagination?

Answer: The deeds performed by the poet in his world of imagination are as follows.

1. Sailed the seven seas.

2 . Played with Pirates,

3. Lived with the Eskimos in Arctic region.

4. Went for hunting and a fishing with Eskimos

5. Went off to the moon.

6. Spent time in the forests of Africa.

7. Visited to America.

8. What happened when the poet grew up? What are his feelings towards life?

Answer: When the poet grew up his childish world came to an end. He had become serious it nearly drove him around the bend.

9. What is the message given by the poet in the poem?

Answer: In Childhood there is always fantasy and imagination. All of us enjoy with our own fantasy world and imagined events. But when we grow up we will become serious with our life. Fantasy and the real world is a parallel things of our life. This is the message given by the poet in the poem.

II. Match the following:

A                                              B

  1. Pirates                               moon
  2. America                             Dr. Livingstone
  3. Eskimos                             seven seas
  4. Jules Verne                        Huckleberry Finn
  5. Africa                                 snow

Answer:

A                                              B

  1. Pirates                                     seven seas
  2. America                                   Huckleberry Finn
  3. Eskimos                                   snow
  4. Jules Verne                              moon
  5. Africa                                       Dr. Livingstone

III. Read the poem carefully and complete the web chart:

Living with Eskimos

Imagination of the poet

(Sailed the seven seas, Played with Pirates, Lived with the Eskimos in Arctic region, Went for hunting and a fishing with Eskimos, Went off to the moon, Spent time in the forests of Africa, Visited to America.)

Performed such wonderful deeds, become a hero of all the Nations. Finally the poet grew up his childish world at an end.

Form groups of four. Choose any one of the topics above. Discuss in the group and the leader should present it in the class.

IV. Activity:

Collect information on the recent research conducted by scientists and paste it in your note book.

V. IMAGINATION:

a. Use your imagination and fill in the chart given below:

If I were,

a pirate  – Try to catch them

an Eskimo – I was trying to get in touch with the outside world.

a cowboy – be kind with animals

in the forests of Africa – try to learn the language of animals.

with Huckleberry Finn – try to live an adventurous life and will save many peoples.

VI. Reading:

Read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Form groups and present the adventure in the form of a skit or role-play.

7th Standard, English, Unit – 6, Poem – The Road Not Taken

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7th Standard, English, Unit – 6, Poem

The Road Not Taken

B. Glossary:

diverged: went in different directions.

undergrowth: bushes, tall plants smaller than the trees around them.

claim: demand as its due.

wanted wear: not damaged by use.

had worn: had become damaged by use.

trodden: crushed by feet.

ages hence: after a long time from now.

C. Speaking, Reading and Writing

Work with your partner. Take turns to ask or answer these questions. Explain to him or her why you think your answer is correct. Quote from the poem if necessary. Write down your answers.

  1. Two words catch your eye in the first line. They bring before you a beautiful picture. What are those words?

Answer: ‘Two roads’ and ‘Yellow wood’ are the two words catch our eye that brings before us a beautiful picture. These words brings before us to mind a beautiful picture of a life decision. Poet as the traveller stands at a diversion of the roads, unsure which way to go.

  • Where and when does a forest turn golden yellow?

Answer: A forest turns golden yellow in autumn in temperate climates, as the leaves change colour from green to yellow before they fall. Then the forest turn golden yellow and looks very beautiful.

  • The poet stood for long at a point where two roads forked. (True/Not True) Read out to your partner the lines from the poem.

Answer: True. The lines in Poem are,

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveller, long I stood

And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

  • “I could not travel both and be one traveller,” says the poet. What does he mean by this? What word expresses his regret about this?

Answer: This means the poet chooses one road. Because it is difficult travel in both the roads at a time and it will take a long time and energy. So he regrets to travel in both roads be a traveller. The word ‘Sorry’ expresses his regret about this.

  • In life, sometimes, you are given two choices. But you are to make only one choice. You cannot have both the things. Can you give an example for this? Try.
Answer: In our life we are not able to do more than one work at a time. If we have two choices in education, Job and family, it is better to make only one choice. Otherwise it will be cause to spoil our life.  It's definitely dangerous to step into a double boat.
  • Complete this English proverb. “You cannot _ _ _ your cake and _ _ _ _ it too!”

Answer: “You cannot have your cake and eat it too!”

  • So, what did the poet do? (See stanza 1. Refer to your answer to question 4)

Answer: The poet chooses and travels in one road. Because it is difficult travel in both the roads at a time and it will take a long time and energy. So he regrets to travel in both roads be a traveller. The word ‘Sorry’ expresses his regret about this.

  • The poet took the other road. Why did he do that?

Answer: The poet realized that the other road was less travelled by the people. So He thought that there is less crowd and traffic on that road. He thinks that he will reach his destination early and choosed the road. That decision has made all the difference.

  • What had worn the other road more or less the same?

Answer: On that day morning when he was travelling he found that both roads are equally lay in leaves and no step had trodden black. The passing there had worn them really about the same.

  1. Once the second road looked more attractive to him. Then both roads looked equally attractive. Explain this in your own words.

Answer: The poet realized that the other road was less travelled by the people. So the second road looked more attractive to him. On that morning when he was travelling he found that both roads are equally lay in leaves and no step had trodden black. Then both roads looked equally attractive. We may attractive in many choices in our life, but we have realize which one is more effective and successful. Finally the choice of the poet has made all the difference.

11. The poet expresses a wish and a doubt, in these two sentences. Complete these sentences:

I will come back if I travel to another road.

But doubt if I should ever come back.

  1. According to the poet, one should always take the road travelled by others before. (True/Not True) Explain this in your own words.

Answer: Not True. According to the poet the other road was less travelled by the people. So he decided to travel on that road. So He thought that there is less crowd and traffic on that road. He thinks that he will reach his destination early and choose the road. That decision has made all the difference. In our life also we may attractive in many choices in our life, but we have realize which one is more effective and successful. If we may dissatisfied with others choice we make another choice.  Finally the choice of the poet has made all the difference.

C. Writing:

1. Read this dialogue and supply the missing words:

Amar: I’m sorry I took Science in high school.

Akbar: Why do you feel so sorry about it, friend? I also took Science. I regret it a bit too.

Antony: Yes, but why do you like it so much, Amar?

Amar: I now know I don’t have the aptitude for Arts?

Akbar: So you regret now taking Arts, do you?

Antony: Then why did you take Science?

Amar: Very few students took Science then. So Science seemed attractive at that time.

Rhyming Words:

The lines of this poem end with “rhyming words” in the pattern a – b – a – a – b. Find the rhyming words and read them out to your partner.

Answer: wood – stood –could

Both – undergrowth

Fair – wear – there

Claim – same

Lay – day – way

Black – back

Sigh – I – by

Hence – difference

6th Standard, English First Language, POEM 8, THE ANT AND THE CRICKET

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6th Standard, English First Language, POEM – 8

THE ANT AND THE CRICKET

EXERCISES

Glossary:

accustomed to sing – in the habit of singing

complain – speak in an unhappy, annoyed, dissatisfied way

famine – having nothing to eat

to see – to find out

lay nothing by – save nothing

quoth – [old English] said

wicket – the wicket door, a small gate or door, which is part of a larger one

warrant it true – declare that it is certain

Come, let us talk about this poem now.

1. Discuss with your partner the points raised in the questions below and write down what you say.

a. What did the cricket do when the weather was good? What should it have done instead?

            Answer: Cricket is always singing when the weather was good. Instead he should preserved food and things for winter to its use. He had spent the summer singing and dancing instead of storing food. Instead he should store the food to winter.

b. What was it unhappy about?

Answer: At the time of winter, his cupboard was empty. It was unhappy about there is nothing to eat.

c. Is that the reason why the poet calls it ————- — ———– ————?

Answer: Is that the reason why the poet calls it silly young cricket?

d. The cricket did not know how to keep himself alive. How did he express this feeling?

Read out aloud the words that say, “There was no food anywhere.”

Answer: The cricket did not know how to keep himself alive. He expressed this feeling “Oh! what will become,” of me?”

Read out aloud the words that say, “There was no food anywhere.”

Answer: Not a crumb to be found

On the snow-covered ground;

Not a flower could he see,

Not a leaf on a tree.

e. The cricket did not have the courage to go to the ant at first. When did he make bold to do this?

Answer: At last by starvation and famine made bold, he decided to go to the ant in the dripping with wet and trembling cold weather.

f. Rewrite the long sentence in the second stanza as four simple sentences. Use the active voice in your first sentence.

a) There were no crumbs to be found.

b) The ground was snow-covered.

c) Not a single flower was seen by him

d) There were no leaves on the tree.

g. The cricket did not want to beg for food. [True/not true]

Answer: True

h. The ant was surprised at the cricket’s request. [True/ not true]

Answer: Not true

  1. The cricket lied to the ant. [True/not true]

Answer: Not true

j. What advice was given by the ant? Could the cricket dance in the cold winter?

Answer: The Ant advised the cricket to dance in the winter. But cricket could not dance in the cold winter.

k. What do you think the cricket did in the winter?

Answer: Finally the cricket realised the truth from the advice of ant. He may be decided to collect the food by his hard work and he struggled to earn the food during the winter.

2. Writing.

Who do the words “—- and some have two” refer to? Write in 6 to 8 sentences the moral the poem teaches us.

The words “some have two” refer to a lazy cricket who is carefree and doesn’t prepare for the future, unlike the diligent ant who is characterized by hard work and planning. The poem teaches that it is crucial to work hard and plan for future needs instead of only enjoying the present. While one type of cricket has four legs, others, representing humans, waste their time without preparing for difficult times. The moral is that neglecting to save and work during prosperous times leads to suffering when hardship arrives. In contrast, those who waste their time without preparing, like the cricket, will face hunger and misery during hard times. Some people, like the cricket, don’t plan for the future and live only for today. It means there are humans who behave like the cricket, enjoying life without thinking. The poem highlights that responsible hard work is essential for survival and a better future. 

Read the following passage aloud to your partner. Tell him/her what words go in the blanks.

What do animals do when they are hungry? The carnivorous animals hunt for food. The herbivorous animals move from place to place in search of grass and plants. Ants store food for winter.

In stories peoples do many things to get their food. They grab, steal, beg, cheat, tell lies. In this poem, a cricket did not do any of these things. It did something unusual.

3. Let us see what we like in this poem.

a. The rhyme-scheme is regular in the first two stanzas-aa,-bb,-cc,-ddd

b. The cricket is personified. It has a home. It has a cupboard.

The ant is also personified. It has a house that has a wicket door.

c. Was the ant cricket’s servant or friend?

            Answer: The ant is cricket’s friend. Because he taught him a lesson.

d. Word play – The ant makes a joke on the cricket’s word ‘sang.’

Answer: “You sang, Sir, you say?

“Go then,” says the ant, “and dance the winter away.”

6th Standard, English First Language, UNIT 8 – THE GIFTS OF NATURE

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6th English First Language, UNIT – 8

THE GIFTS OF NATURE

Glossary:

dense – closely-packed or crowded together, closely grown

preserve – to keep something as it is, in order to prevent it from being destroyed

extinct – not existing

prevent – to stop something from happening

saplings – young plants

camp-fire – it is a fire that you light out of doors when you are camping

inspiration – is a feeling of enthusiasm you get from someone or something, which gives you new and creative ideas.

handiwork – work done skilfully

expanse – a large open area of land, sea or sky

ecology – a branch of biology. It deals with the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment.

Talking about the text:

1. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase or a sentence. Discuss with your partner and write down what you say.

a. What is our moral duty?

            Answer: Our moral duty is to look after the things God has given us. We must learn to take care of the gifts of Nature, so that these are not destroyed or harmed. We must not use the gifts of Nature for our selfish ends, but instead, work to preserve them.

b. Which animals are on the verge of extinction?

Answer: The varieties of animals like tigers, lions and some rare species are on the verge of extinction.

c. Where should we throw waste paper, tins and bottles?

Answer: We should throw waste paper, tins and bottles into the Dustbin.

d. What are trees said to be?

            Answer: Trees are said to be “Green Gold”.

e. How can we maintain ecological balance?

Answer: We should also plant more and more trees to maintain ecological balance.

f. Who are the carriers of pollen?

            Answer: Butterflies and Bees are the carriers of pollen.

g. What is the wonderful handiwork of God?

            Answer: All beauty of Nature including the moon, the stars, mountains and seas are the wonderful handiwork of God.

2. Discuss with your partner and write down the answers to the following questions in two or three sentences each.

a. What are the gifts of Nature?

Answer: We have the long range of mountains, the wide oceans, the sparkling streams, the dense forests, the animals, birds and insects. We have colourful flowers, fruits, the earth we live on and even the air we breathe. These all are gifts of Nature.

b. Why should we not destroy the gifts of Nature?

            Answer: These gifts of Nature are ours to admire, use and preserve. It is our moral duty to look after the things God has given us. We must learn to take care of the gifts of Nature, so that these are not destroyed or harmed. We must not use the gifts of Nature for our selfish ends, but instead, work to preserve them.

c. There were many more animals than there are today. Why? Discuss.

Answer: Over the years, hunters have killed them for sport or food in large numbers. It is feared that some species may soon become extinct. Today these varieties of animals like tigers, lions and some rare species are on the verge of extinction. If we do not take care of these rare animals, there will soon be none left, except in pictures. We must not kill animals and birds for sport. We should also preserve the forests so that the wild animals can thrive and multiply.

d. What is water pollution?

            Answer: Water pollution is when harmful substances like chemicals, trash, and waste make water unsafe to use. Water polluted by industrial waste, wastewater from homes and industries, throwing wastes of animals, throwing plastics etc. This is called water pollution.

e. Give three examples where trees are used in our daily life.

Answer: Three examples where trees are used in our daily life are as follows.

  1. Used to build our houses and for furniture.
  2. Used to firewood.
  3. Used to Paper production, food and medicine.

f. Why should we put out the camp-fire before we leave the camp?

Answer: We should put out the camp-fire before we leave the camp because there is possibility of forest fire. The fire must be put out before we leave the camp to avoid accidental forest fires.

g. What will happen if you take your pet animals to the park?

Answer: If we take our pet animals to the park, they will destroy the plants and flowers. The pet animals will runs on the gardens and step on the flowerbeds and destroy them.

h. Name a few things of Nature which give you inspiration.

Answer: Nature’s beauty is for all of us to admire and enjoy. The moon, the stars, waterfalls, forest, river, mountains and seas are a great source of beauty and inspiration to us.

3. Answer the following questions, discuss it with your partner and write down what you say in the form of a paragraph.

a. How can we take care of rare animals?

            Answer: A hundred years ago, there were many more animals than there are today. But, over the years, hunters have killed them for sport or food in large numbers. It is feared that some species may soon become extinct. We must not kill animals and birds for sport. We should also preserve the forests so that the wild animals can thrive and multiply. We encourage to create saved forests and national parks for shelters of animals.

We can also Plant native plants and flowers, can provide a water source like a bird bath, and set up bird feeders to support local species. We can minimize our use of plastic, as it can harm marine and other wildlife. Be a volunteer for local wildlife protection or habitat restoration projects is also helpful.

b. What steps can be taken to prevent water pollution?

Answer: We can minimize our use of plastic, as it can harm marine and pollute water. Water pollution is when harmful substances like chemicals, trash, and waste make water unsafe to use. So we have to avoid the habit of throwing wastes to the water bodies. Water polluted by industrial waste, wastewater from homes and industries, throwing wastes of animals, throwing plastics etc. Government should consider this as crime and this must be punishable. Planting trees and plants along river banks helps prevent soil erosion from entering the water. Do not wash clothes, utensils, or animals directly in rivers, lakes, or wells. Educate others about the importance of keeping water sources clean. 

Grammar: Relative Clauses

4. Look at these sentences.

a. This giraffe is refusing to eat.

b. This giraffe, which has come from Africa, is refusing to eat.

a. This traffic policewoman seems to be efficient.

b. This traffic policewoman, who works here, seems to be efficient.

The meaning is clear in sentence “a” in both the examples. In sentence “b” the italicised words add extra information. These words form a clause called Relative clause. They begin with relative pronouns ‘which’ and ‘who’.

Punctuation: Comma or commas separate the relative clause from the rest of the sentence.

5. Join the sentences given below using the relative pronoun given in brackets.

a. I often go to Mumbai. Mumbai is the commercial capital of India. (which)

Answer:  I often go to Mumbai which is the commercial capital of India.

b. My mother is going to host a T.V. show on cooking. She cooks very well. (who)

Answer: My mother, who cooks very well, is going to host a T.V. show on cooking.

c. These sports persons are going to meet the President. Their performance has been excellent. (whose)

Answer: These sports persons whose performance has been excellent, are going to meet the President.

Pronunciation

6. Read this sentence aloud to your partner.

It is our responsibility to preserve the gifts of nature.

Note that the word “responsibility” has two stresses– re .’ spon . si . ‘bil . i . ty.

The secondary stress is weak and the primary stress is strong.

Note that in words ending with the spelling “__ ity” the primary stress falls on the third syllable from the end.

Practice saying these words.

cu.ri. ‘os.i.ty; spe.ci.’a.li.ty; gen.e.’ros.i.ty;

ti.’mid.i.ty ; sin.’cer.i.ty;

7. Writing.

Topic – Planting saplings

Your teacher will elicit ideas from you. Note down the points and ideas. Use these to write a paragraph on the topic given.

Answer: Planting a sapling is an important and rewarding act for our environment because it provides oxygen, reduces pollution, and helps prevent soil erosion. Planting trees and plants along river banks helps prevent soil erosion from entering the water. We can also Plant native plants and flowers, can provide a water source like a bird bath, and set up bird feeders to support local species. We encourage to create saved forests and national parks for shelters of animals. Trees are also used in our daily life. Trees used to build our houses and for furniture, firewood, Paper production, food and medicine. Trees are vital for our planet because they produce the oxygen we breathe, clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide, and provide shade. Planting more trees also helps stop soil erosion and can help preserve water by letting it soak into the ground.

Read the following passage to your partner and write down suitable words in the blanks with his / her help.

Today the world is facing the p _ _ _ _ _ _ of pollution. We are p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nature by our foolish acts. It is our _ _ _ _ to preserve the wonderful _ _ _ _ _ of nature. We must learn to discipline o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the gifts of Nature.

Answer: Today the world is facing the problem of pollution. We are polluting Nature by our foolish acts. It is our duty to preserve the wonderful gifts of nature. We must learn to discipline ourselves in preserving the gifts of Nature.

10th Standard, Social Science, Economics, CHAPTER 30 – RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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10th Standard, Social Science, Economics, CHAPTER – 30

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The true development of India is the development of its villages’. This was said by Mahatma Gandhi.

2. After the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution, three levels of panchayat institutions have came into existence.

3. Panchayat institutions operate under democracy principles.

4. ‘Women Self-Help Groups’have been brought into existence in order to bring together poor rural women and make them financially independent.

II. Answer in one sentence each:

5. Explain the meaning of ‘Rural Development’.

Answer: The phrase ‘Rural Development’ has a broad meaning. In addition to development of agriculture and agriculture-related activities, it encompasses extended development of housing, education, health, hygiene, transport, communication and other essential social and economic amenities, creation of employment opportunities, social welfare etc. To put it briefly, ‘Rural Development is an improvement of the social and economic status of the rural people by proper utilization of the locally available natural and human resources’.

6. What is meant by ‘Decentralisation of Power’?

Answer: Providing the administrative power, and the responsibility of developing the village to its own people is called administrative decentralization. Through decentralization, self-reliant, self-sufficient and prosperous villages can be developed. Decentralization puts a stop to all kinds of exploitation, upholds human independence and dignity, and nurtures humane values like compassion and co-operation.

7. Name the three levels of Panchayat Raj institutions.

Answer: The three levels of Panchayat Raj institutions are,

1 . Grama Panchayat,

2. Taluk Panchayat and

3. Zilla Panchayat.

8. Mention any two housing programmes.

Answer:  ‘Ambedkar-Valmiki Housing Programme’, ‘Ashraya Yojana’, are the two housing programmes.

9. Which work of women is not considered labour?

Answer: The chores that women perform at home are not considered labour and so are not paid any wages.

III. Answer the following questions in five to six sentences each:

10. How is the economic situation in the rural areas of India?

Answer: Poverty has increased among the rural people who depend primarily on agriculture. One third of them live below subsistence level. Under the onslaught of modernization, rural cottage industries are vanishing unable to withstand the competition. Though most of the people work in the primary sector, the contribution from this sector to the national income is very less, and is reducing year by year. Due to this, the gap between urban and rural areas is increasing gradually. The majority of the population lives in the villages, and is plagued by problems of poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, ill-health, lack of basic amenities etc. A deplorable lack of basic amenities can be noticed in rural areas.

11. Explain briefly the significance of rural development.

Answer: The problems of poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, ill-health, lack of basic amenities etc. should be tackled through rural development, and rural India should be empowered. Various basic facilities like education, training, health, hygiene etc. should be provided to the rural people. In addition to agriculture, cattle-rearing, fishery, silk industry, poultry and other agriculture-related activities should be promoted, through which agriculture can become a profitable and attractive occupation.

The rural people should be provided with essential facilities like electricity, irrigation, transport, communication, market-yards etc., and their productivity should be augmented. As a result of this, not only will the villagers get more employment opportunities, but their income will also increase. Small-scale and cottage industries can be improved, thereby strengthening the rural economy. The facilities and opportunities that are available to people in urban areas should be available to people in rural areas too. The villagers should be able to participate in the process of development. The benefits of development should be available equally to them too. This has to be achieved through rural development.

12. Explain Gandhiji’s concept of ‘grama swarajya’ in the light of decentralization.

Answer: Providing the administrative power, and the responsibility of developing the village to its own people is called administrative decentralization. Through decentralization, self-reliant, self-sufficient and prosperous villages can be developed. This process was called ‘Grama Swarajya’ by Mahatma Gandhi. Decentralization puts a stop to all kinds of exploitation, upholds human independence and dignity, and nurtures humane values like compassion and co-operation. To enable decentralization, the Panchayat Raj system has been brought into practice. Due to this, the Panchayat institutions got Constitutional status. The three-tier system of panchayats came into existence. They were Grama Panchayat, Taluk Panchayat and Zilla Panchayat. Panchayat institutions operate according to principles of democracy.

13. What is the role of panchayat raj institutions in rural development?

Answer: Panchayat Raj institutions play a major role in enabling the rural people to participate in rural development. They can provide the rural community with basic facilities of roads, drains, drinking water, street lights, toilets, school and hospital buildings, market-yards etc. Through encouragement of education, technical and vocational training, and expansion of health and hygiene facilities, panchayat institutions have striven to develop human resources too. More employment opportunities can be provided to the people through agriculture, cattle-rearing, poultry, fishery, social forestry etc. Rural and cottage industries can be improved. Establishment of food processing units can be encouraged. Through the Panchayats, seminars, conferences and training programmes can be organized for all the above activities. Various employment and alleviation of poverty programme, housing programmes can be implemented through panchayat raj institutions. By identifying the old people, the disabled, widows, mentally retarded people etc., it can be ensured that all the facilities. All the self-help groups of women can be brought together. Thus, panchayat raj institutions play a significant role in the over-all development of rural areas. 

IV. Activities:

1. Visit the nearest gram panchayat and list the work being done by it towards rural development.

2. Visit the nearest women’s self-help group. Learn about their role in making women self-dependent, and discuss with classmates in the class.

8th Standard, Social Science, Economics, CHAPTER 28 – BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS

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8th Standard, Social Science, Economics, CHAPTER-28

BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMICS

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The production decreases when the demand decreases.

2. Goods and services used for the satisfaction of wants are consumption.

3. If the national income is divided by the nation’s total population we get per capita income.

4. Workers involved in carrying materials loading and unloading the cargo are called physical labour.

5. Workers involved in teaching the students, belong to mental labour workers.

II. Answer the following:

6. What is demand in economics?

            Answer: Demand is not only a want, in addition to want if there is an attitude to buy and ability to spend money, then only it becomes demand. Demand is the quantity of economic goods that can be brought at a fixed price at a given time.

7. What is the influence of demand in the field of production?

Answer: When there is an increasing demand, generally production, employment, income and supply increases. The standard of living of the people improves. The nation continues to move in the progressive direction. When the demand decreases generally production, income and supply also decreases. The standard of living of the people decreases, the national progress also decreases. Unemployment increases. It is for this reason that demand is considered as the index of the Nation’s progress.

8. What is distribution?

            Answer: Distribution is a very important economic activity. Distribution is to distribute the goods produced involving the interaction of the factors of production. The national income distributed among land, labour, capital and organisation are called rent, wages, interest and profit respectively.

9. How can distribution be done effectively?

            ANSWER: The distribution takes place in the rate of the role played by each factor of production. It should balance the demand and supply without bringing an obstacle to production. Special importance should not be given to any factors of production nor should any of them be neglected. This is necessary to maintain equilibrium in the entire economic system.

10. Mention the differences between national income and per capita income?

Answer: The differences between national income and per capita income are as follows.

1 . National income is the sum total of money, value of all the goods and services produced in a country during a year. If the national income is divided by the total population of the Nation we get the per capita income.

2. National income is the total income obtained in a year from all the sources of production. But per capita income is an average income of the population of a country.

3. National income is the total value of all goods and services a country produces in a year, representing the country’s overall economic output, while per capita income is the average income per person, calculated by dividing the national income by the total population.

4. National income provides a measure of the size of the economy, whereas per capita income is used to assess the average standard of living. 

11. What is the importance of labour?

Answer: It is the innate quality of man to work hard to accomplish and to improve the standard of living. This effort might be physical or mental. The physical labour requires physical strength, whereas mental labour requires intelligence. In developing nations the educated class will be more in number and they perform their work sincerely with concentration. Whether the task is physical or mental. The society does not discriminate and both the class of workers receive equal respect. Labour is essential for all the industries.

Labour increases productivity and efficiency, which leads to higher output, a better standard of living, and helps a country’s economy improve. Skilled workers can develop new ideas, improve existing products, and even invent new technologies. Labour is a fundamental component of production and plays a crucial role in the economy and society.

Additional Questions and Answers:

1 . What is Supply?

Answer: Supply is the quantity of goods and services readily available for sale in market at a given price.

2. What are the factors of Production?

Answer: Many factors like natural wealth, labour, capital and organisation are essential for production.  The production function includes activities such as transport, trade and distribution. The function of production completes only when the goods and services reach the consumer.

3. What is Consumption? Mention the types of consumption.

Answer: The use of goods and services to satisfy wants is called consumption. The goods and services that are consumed may be good or bad but as long as they satisfy wants they will be consumed. There are two types of consumption. They are,

1. Goods and services used for production.

2. Finished goods used to satisfy wants.

4. Describe Utility. Mention the types of Utility.

Answer: Utility is the power of satisfying wants. It includes all goods and services which satisfy human wants directly or indirectly. But it cannot be measured. This varies from person to person. Also for the same person it varies from time to time and place to place. Attitudes and seasons may also influence utility. The different types of utility are as follows.

1. Principle utility

2. Form utility

3. Time utility

4. Place utility

5. What do you meant by ‘Price’?

Answer: The value that is expressed in the form of money is called price. The money that is to be paid in lieu of goods or services is called price.

6. What is profit?

Answer: Generally speaking the amount that remains after deducting the expenditure from the income of the production is called profit. According to economists the reward that the producer gets for the services rendered for production is called profit.

7. What is Co-operation?

Answer: Co-operation is an extraordinary system where people desire to come together to work on the basis of equality to protect their economic interest. The main aim of this is to achieve progress by self-help. There is no scope for competition here.

III Activities:

1. Visit a nearby market and observe how wants vary when the prices vary.

2. Read the News Papers and notice the daily variations in the economic field.

10th Standard, Social Science, BUSINESS STUDIES, CHAPTER 32 – ENTREPRENEURSHIP

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10th Standard, Social Science, BUSINESS STUDIES, CHAPTER – 32

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

                                                                    EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The word entrepreneur has come from the French word Entreprende.

2. The process of action an entrepreneur undertakes to establish an entreprise is called Entrepreneurship.

3. District Industrial Centres were started in the year 1978.

II. Discuss the following questions in group and then answer.

4. Who is an entrepreneur?

Answer: Entrepreneur is an innovator of new ideas and business processes. He possesses management skills and strong team building abilities and essential leadership qualities to manage the business. He exercises initiative by organising a venture to take the benefit of an opportunity.

5. “Entrepreneurship is a creative activity”. How?

Answer: Entrepreneurship is a creative activity. It is the ability to create and build something. It is a knack of sensing the opportunity where others see chaos, contradiction and confusion.

6. What are the characteristics of Entrepreneurship?

Answer: The characteristics of Entrepreneurship are as follows.

  1. Creativity
  2. Innovation
  3. Dynamism
  4. Leadership
  5. Team building
  6. Achievement motivation
  7. Problem solving
  8. Goal orientation
  9. Risk taking
  10. Decision making
  11. Commitment

7. Explain the importance of an entrepreneur.

Answer: The importance of an entrepreneur are,

1. Entrepreneurs promote capital formation by mobilizing the idle savings of the citizens. They employ resources for setting up their enterprises.

2. Entrepreneurs provide large scale employment to artisans, technically qualified persons and professionals.

3. Entrepreneurs help the country to increase the Gross Domestic product (GDP) and per capital income.

4. Entrepreneurs encourage effective mobilization of skill, bring in new products and services and develop market for the growth of the economy

5. Entrepreneurs enable the people to avail better quality goods at lower prices which results in the improvement of their standard of living.

6. Entrepreneurs promote development of Industries. They help to remove regional disparities by industrialising rural and backward areas.

7. Entrepreneurs contribute towards the development of society by reducing concentration of income and wealth.

8. Entrepreneurs promote country’s export trade.

9. Entrepreneurs work in an environment of changing technology and try to maximise profits by innovations

8. What is the part played by the District centres in the development of Entreprises?

Answer: The part played by the District centres in the development of Entreprises are as follows.

1) Technical support for preparation of project report.

2) Promotion of new Industrial Estates.

3) Approval of Project reports of special types.

4) Training through Entrepreneurship development programmes.

5) Allotment of raw materials.

6) Financial assistance under self-employment schemes.

7) Assistance in marketing linkage with central government.

8) Marketing assistance through participation in exhibitions/trade fairs/buyers-sellers meet.

9) Attending problems related to SSI registration/Bank loan/marketing production.

10) Financial assistance for modernisation of units.

11) Export assistance.

12) Promoting entrepreneurship through National level awards for innovative products.

13) Promotion of products under non-conventional energy source.

    14) Assistance in design and product development for handicrafts.

Additional Questions and Answers:

1 . What are the main functions of an entrepreneur?

Answer: The main functions of an entrepreneur are as follows.

1.  Entrepreneur starts business activity by preparing various plans relating to business

2.  He organises factors of production.

3. He takes decisions about product, technology, marketing, employment etc,

4. He co-ordinates things effectively.

5.  He innovates new methods.

6.  He handles budget of his concern

7. He bears risk and uncertainty.

8.  He gives directions to the business firm and ensures its effective operation.

2. Which are the Importance of Entrepreneurs?

Answer: Entrepreneurs promote capital formation by mobilising the idle savings of the public. They employ their own as well as borrowed resources for setting up their entreprises. Such type of entrepreneurial activities tends to value addition and creation of wealth, which is very essential for the industrial and economic development of a country. It is the entrepreneurial energy, creativity and innovation that trigger the production and sale of new products and services. It is the entrepreneur, who undertakes the risk of the enterprise in search of profit and seeks opportunities to earn profit and strives hard to satisfy the needs.

3. What are the Self-employment opportunities for entrepreneurship?

Answer: The Self-employment opportunities for entrepreneurship are as follows.

 1) Advertising agencies

2) Marketing consultancy.

3) Industrial consultancy.

4) Equipment rental and leasing.

5) Photocopying centres

6) Industrial Research and Development.

7) Industrial testing labs.

8) Internet browsing/setting up of cyber cafe.

9) Installation and operation of cable and T.V network.

10) Beauty parlours.

4. Name some of the important financial institutions which help small scale industries by providing loans?

Answer: The financial institutions which help small scale industries by providing loans are,

1) Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)

2) National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD)

3) Export and Import Bank (EXIM BANK)

4) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

5) Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)

6) Industrial Credit & Government Corporation of India (ICGCI)

7) Industrial Re-construction Bank of India (IRBI)

8) Commercial & other Banks

9) State Finance corporations.

10) Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)

11) Unit Trust of India (UTI)

5. Which are the Promotional organisations to help emerging entrepreneur?

Answer: The Promotional organisations to help emerging entrepreneur are as follows.

1) District Industrial Centres (DIC’s)

2) Small Industries Development Corporation Ltd (SIDC)

3) National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC)

4) Small Scale Industries Board

5) Small Industries Service Institutions (SISI)

6) Industrial Estates.

7) Khadi & Village Industries Corporation

8) Technical Consultancy Organisation.

III. Activities:

1. Visit an entreprise near your place and collect information about the workers.

2. Collect information about various entreprises through internet.

3. Collect the photographs of famous entrepreneurs of India.

IV. Project:

1. Arrange for an interview with your nearby entrepreneur and collect detailed information about how he/she has built up that entreprise and prepare a report.

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