Friday, August 28, 2026
Home Blog Page 16

5th Standard, English FL LESSON 3 -THE GRATEFUL TENANT

yakshadeepa
-
0

5th Standard, English FL LESSON – 3

THE GRATEFUL TENANT

Glossary:

plaque  :  a name-plate fixed to the wall.

engraved : cut words on wood, stone, metal, etc. 

outhouse  :  a small building in the ground floor, usually at the back of the main house.

whole heartedly : completely and sincerely

selfless  :  caring about others, not about oneself

meagre : small quantity

Man Friday : a trustworthy character in the novel Robinson Crusoe

run errands : do petty jobs

reaffirm  :  prove again

Comprehension :

I. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

1. Why did Ramesh name his home “Shyamkamal”?

Answer: Ramesh named his home “Shyamkamal” because it is a combination of the names of the two people who changed his life, the ones he remember and thank each day.

“Shyamkamal” stands for Shyama Rao and Kamala. 

2. Whom did Ramesh stay with when he was in Dharwad?

Answer: Ramesh stay with an old couple Shyama Rao and Kamala when he was in Dharwad. The couple in Dharwad who used to rent out their outhouse to college students. Ramesh had stayed there for six years.

3. Was Kamala Bai selfish?

Answer: No, Kamala Bai was so selfless that she would share her meals with Ramesh. He enjoyed the meals so much and felt like he was having these meals with his mother. 

4. How did Shyama Rao help Ramesh?

Answer: Mr. Shyama Rao always brought pedas. They did not let Ramesh go hungry for a single day and treated hm like their son. If he was late in paying his college fees, Shyama Rao would lend some money from his meager pension and help him out.”

5. Why did Ramesh’s friends call him ‘‘the couple’s Man Friday”?

Answer: Ramesh’s friends call him ‘‘the couple’s Man Friday”, because Ramesh is always helping the old couple. He used to run errands for them and do odd jobs like going to the post office, buying fruit and vegetables, watering the plants and pumping the water out of the tank. 

6. What kind of person, do you think, was Ramesh?

Answer: Ramesh is a person who never forgets the help others have given him and always remembers it with gratitude. Ramesh is always a grateful and thankful person. He always remembering the old couple Shyama Rao and Kamala bhai who were helped him a lot during his student life. He named his new house as ‘Shyamakamal’ to show his faith to the old couples.

7. Describe Kamala Bai and Shyama Rao. 

Answer: Shyama Rao was a retired postmaster and Ramesh’s father’s friend. He gave Ramesh a place to stay in. Kamala Bai was so selfless woman that she would share her meals with Ramesh. This couple in Dharwad who used to rent out their outhouse to college students. He enjoyed the meals so much and felt like he was having these meals with his mother. Shyama Rao always brought pedas. They did not let Ramesh go hungry for a single day and treated hm like their son. If he was late in paying his college fees, Shyama Rao would lend some money from his meager pension and help him out.

8. How can you make old people happy?

Answer: I could make old people happy by helping to their works. I will help to purchase grocery and going to shop. I could help to bring and take medicine and other works.

Writing:

Describe an elderly person in your house (It may be your grandfather, grandmother, father or mother) and say why you like him/her.

 His/her name:                                                Ramakrishna

Age:                                                                 80

Physique – looks – height, weight:                   5.5 Ft, 55 kg

Admirable qualities                                         helping nature, Kind

Abilities and shortcomings                             Telling Stories, no shortcomings

Language Exercise:

Vocabulary

I. Match the words in list A with their opposites in list B.

             A                                               B

i. remember                                        a) forget

ii. selfless                                             b) selfish

iii. agree                                               c) disagree

iv. success                                            d) failure

v. grateful                                            e) thankless 

vi. late                                                  f) early

II. The word “notice” has two meanings as an action word. It means “to see, observe or keep in one’s mind”.

Eg: I noticed a book on the table.

The same word “notice”, as a naming word. means “a written or printed statement to announce something in public”.

 Eg: He displayed a notice on the door saying that he had gone to his village.

 Use the following words in sentences, first as action words, and then as naming words:

Change, share, love, name, question

Change:
Suresh changed his dress.
There is always change in an atmosphere.

Share:
My father shares some important things with me.
All brothers shared the property equally.

Love:
She loves me a lot.
Love and affection are the two faces of the same coin.

Name:
He named his dog as Tiger!
His name is Tharanath.

Question:
Questioning about unknown things is always good.
Question paper is distributing in perfect time in the exam.

III. Look at the words given in the balloons above. 

Join each one of them with the word “out”. Write the newly formed words against their meanings given below:

a) Outlay         : money spent on something

b) Outline        : line showing the shape of something

c) out post       : something that exists outside the main

d) Outfit          : set of things especially clothes for a particular purpose

e) Outlaw        : declare someone an outsider or expelled

f) Outlet           : way out for liquid or gas

g)  Outlook      : views or perception

h) Outdoor      : group of people or settlement far from the main group or settlement 

i) Outskirts       : outer areas or limits of a town

j) Out house     : small building near a larger main building

IV. Substitute the sentences with one word, using the words given in the box below.

Surname, eulogy, anecdote, generosity, pauper

1. Short account of an amusing or interesting event – anecdote

2. One who has no money – pauper

3. Name shared by all the members of the family – Surname

4. A laudatory speech or written tribute, especially praising someone who has died; high praise or commendation; praise, acclamation. – Eulogy

5. A quality that means greatness of heart. – Generosity

Grammar

Verbs are action words. No sentence can be complete without a verb or an action word that expresses the action.

eg.: I run fast.

They sit quietly.

She learns well. 

 He listens attentively.

The words underlined in the above sentences denote actions.

I. Now identify the action words in the following sentences. –

i) They sing well. – Sing

 ii)   We play in the evening. – Play

 iii)   He works in a hospital. – Works

iv) Our parents guide us in our work. – Guide

v) Dog jumped into the well. – Jumped

vi) Cow eats grass. – eats

vii) They attended a meeting yesterday. – attended

viii) Ramu walked to the school. – walked

ix) She painted all the pictures. – painted

x) They danced together. – danced

5th Standard, English FL POEM 2 – GREAT GRANDMOTHER

yakshadeepa
-
0

5th Standard, English FL POEM – 2

GREAT GRANDMOTHER

Glossary:

yellowing:  discoloured/getting old. White paper turns yellow after a long period

misted: dimmed

stern: strict

frank: straightforward

recognize:  understand, identify, find

Comprehension:

I. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

1. What has happened to the photograph? Why?

Answer: The photograph had yellowing and misted. Because it was very old.

2. What expression does the poet read in the eyes of his great grandmother?

Answer: The eyes which read by the poet of his great grandmother was stern and they can also laugh too.

3. Describe the poet’s great grandmother as she appears in the photograph.

Answer: Great grandmother’s hair is seen pulled back tightly in a bun in the photography. She appears on black dress and she wears no jewellery. That is how the poet’s great grandmother appears in the photograph.

4. Did the poet know her personally? Why? Which line suggests this?

Answer: No, the poet didn’t know her personally. Because there is three generation gap between the poet and his great grandmother. 

“I never knew her,” This line suggests this.

5.  “She looks out at me” – What does this opening line of the poem mean?

Answer: The poet feels that his great grandmother in the photography is looking at him. He thought he looks like his great grandmother. So she looks out at him. 

6. Pick out the word from the poem which means that the photograph is old?

Answer: ‘yellowing and 

Misted over by time…’ These words from the poem which means that the photograph is old.

7. What were the feelings that the poet experienced when he looked at the photograph of his great grandmother?

Answer: The poet feels when he looked at the photograph of his great grandmother that three generations later may his great grandchildren feel as close to his photography as he now do to her.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. “Yet I recognize myself in her, three generations later”

a. What does the word ‘‘recognise” mean in this context?

Answer: recognise means to identify someone or something as previously known or seen. Here recognise means the poet identify himself in the place of great grandmother.

b. Explain the term “three generations”.

The term “three generations” means in the poet is the son of the poet, grandson of the poet, great grandson of the poet. It also means his mother, his grandmother and his great grandmother.

2. What feelings/thoughts run in the poet’s mind as he looks at the photograph of his great grandmother?

Answer: The poet thought about the three generation after him as he looks at the photograph of his great grandmother. He thinks that three generations later may his great grandchildren feel as close to his photography as he now do to her.

3.  What picture do you get about the great grandmother of the poet?

Answer: The Great grandmother in the photography have a frank and serious look. Her eyes in the picture are stern, but they can laugh too. Great grandmother’s hair is seen pulled back tightly in a bun in the photography. She appears on black dress and she wears no jewelry.

III. Appreciation.

1. Which line in the poem do you like? Say why.

Answer: May my great grandchildren… Feel as close to me….” I like this line in the poem. Because the poet recognise himself in the place of great grandmother and thinks about after three generation and about his great grandson. It is nice thought and feeling which everyone like.

2. Attempt a description of your mother or grandmother or great grandmother.

Answer: To student

Further reading and activity:

 “My Grandmother’s House” by Kamala Das. Compare the poems.

6th Standard, English SL Supplementary Reading LESSON 1 – WAYS OF LEARNING

yakshadeepa
-
0

6th Standard, English SL Supplementary Reading LESSON – 1

WAYS OF LEARNING

C1. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each:

  1. Where did the disciples of Dronacharya assemble for the test?

Answer: The disciples of Dronacharya assembled in the large open ground in front of the Hastinapura palace for the test.

  • What was the target set up by the Guru?

Answer: The Guru had set up an artificial bird (made of wood and grass) on top of a branch of the tree. That was the target set up by the Guru.

  • What was Yudhishtira’s reply when Drona asked him what he saw on the tree?

Answer:  Yudhishtira’s replied that ‘he can see the tree, the bird, his brothers, other friends and everything,’ when Drona asked him what he saw on the tree.

  • Was Drona happy with the answers given by many of the princes? Why/why not?

Answer: No. Drona was not happy with the answers given by many of the princes. The princes are gave different common answers. Drona wanted the answer which belongs to concentration and focus. 

  • Who passed this test?

Answer: Arjuna passed this test.

  • Why did Drona ask Arjuna to shoot the bird?

Answer: Only Arjuna answered the question which Guru Drona expected. Arjuna said that he could see only neck and head of the bird. Only Arjuna passed the ‘concentration and focus’ test. So Drona decided to ask Arjuna to shoot the bird.

  • Who didn’t congratulate Arjuna on his achievement? Why?

Answer: Prince Duryodhana didn’t congratulate Arjuna. Because he was jealous about the success of Arjuna.

  • What happened when Drona was washing his feet one day?

Answer: When Drona was washing his feet on the side of a stream, a crocodile grabbed his foot.

  • Who drove the crocodile away? How?

Answer: Arjuna drove the crocodile away. Arjuna set an arrow to his bow, shot it into the stream aiming at the right point. It infused the crocodile and drove it away but it did not hit the Guru’s foot.

  1. Who do you think was the most favourite disciple of Drona? Why?

I think Arjuna was the most favourite disciple of Drona. He learned the all things up to the expectations of Guru Dronacharya. Because his dexterity, prompt and proper responsive action are other keys to achieve the goal and success. His skill, concentration and focus in archery is unbelievable.

  1. What is important to succeed in life?

Answer: Dexterity, prompt and proper responsive action are other keys to achieve the goal and success in life. According to the story concentration and focus are the keys to success.

C2. Discuss in small groups and answer the following:

  1. How did Drona test the princes’ skill and ability in archery? Narrate any one incident.

Answer: One day Dronacharya ordered his disciples to assemble in the large open ground in front of the Hastinapura palace. All of them assembled there. He asked all the princes to get ready with their bows and arrows and come to the spot, as he call them. The Guru had set up an artificial bird (made of wood and grass) on top of a branch of the tree. The princes have to shoot the bird in the tree.

Drona then called one of them. Then the Guru showed a big tree at the end of the ground. Guru asked the boy that what he saw in the tree. The boy said that he saw the tree, its trunk, branches, the sky over it and the ground below it. He sent back by Drona.

Then Yudhishtira, the eldest of Pandava brothers was called and the Guru put him the same question. “Can you see the tree, the bird on its top and other things around?” Yudhishtira replied that he saw the tree, the bird, my brothers, other friends and everything. Guru Drona told Yudhishtira that he could not shoot the target and sent him back. All the disciples answered almost the same way like ‘only the tree, everything, the branch of the tree and the bird,’ and so on. Guru was not satisfied with their answers all are sent back by him.

Then Drona called Arjuna and asked that what he could see in top of the tree. Arjuna replied that he could see only neck and head of the bird. The Guru Drona pleased from this answer and ordered him to shoot the bird on the top of the tree. Arjuna did so and the arrow hit the false bird’s neck. The bird fell down on the ground. Guru Drona embraced Arjuna, blessed him and told other boys that concentration and focus are the keys to success and be focused always.

  • How did Arjuna prove his skill in archery?

Answer: One day, Drona was washing his feet on the side of a stream. A crocodile grabbed his foot. Though he could ward it off easily, Drona pretending panic, shouted loudly for the boys to save them. The boys who were standing a bit away from the bank of the stream were awestruck and confused. But the brave and ever-ready Arjuna responded quickly.  Immediately he set an arrow to his bow, shot it into the stream aiming at the right point. It infused the crocodile and drove it away but it did not hit the Guru’s foot. That is how Arjuna proved his skill in archery.

C3. Say whether the following statements are True or False:

  1. The princes had to shoot a real bird sitting on the branch of a tree.

Answer: False.

  • Arjuna said he could see only the bird’s eye.

Answer: False:

  • Bhima succeeded in shooting the bird.

Answer: False.

  • Arjuna drove the crocodile away.

Answer: True

Let’s Speak:

S1. Narrate the story in your own words.

S2. Take different roles and role play/dramatise the story.

8th Standard, English FL, PROSE 2 -THE BOY WHO SOLD WISDOM

yakshadeepa
-
0

8th Standard, English FL, PROSE-2

THE BOY WHO SOLD WISDOM

Glossary :

weird : strange

stormed : rush in very fast

errands : a short journey to get something for somebody

furious : very angry

babbled : to talk quickly or in a way that is difficult to understand

wisdom : experience and knowledge

banished : send somebody out of the country as a punishment

persuade : convince

feign : pretend

Pre-reading task

1 What was the demand of the neighbouring king?

Answer: A potful of wisdom was the demand of the neighbouring king.

2 How did Birbal get a potful of wisdom?

Answer: Birbal placed a pumpkin fruit inside a pot and allowed it to grow, filling the pot completely.  Birbal presented the pot with the pumpkin to the king, instructing him to remove the “wisdom” without damaging the pot or the pumpkin. 

3 What is the meaning of a potful of wisdom?

Answer: “A potful of wisdom” generally means a large amount of wisdom or knowledge. It suggests having a great deal of understanding and the ability to make sound judgments.

I. Comprehension Exercises

A. Re-order the following jumbled sentences in the right sequence as they occur in the text:

1. Gupta was unhappy after the incident because his son would have to feign madness always, or else the king would find out.

2. The minister and one of the queens planned to kill the king.

3. According to Nagendra’s advice, Babu went to the king and told him the whole story.

4. Nagendra advised Babu to pretend madness.

5. The king sent for Nagendra.

6. The king bought the wisdom, “Think deeply before doing anything,” from Nagendra.

7. The king ordered that the queen should be hanged.

8. He engraved it on his cups and plates so that he wouldn’t forget it.

Answer:

1. Nagendra advised Babu to pretend madness.

2. Gupta was unhappy after the incident because his son would have to feign madness always, or else the king would find out.

3. According to Nagendra’s advice, Babu went to the king and told him the whole story.

4. The king sent for Nagendra.

5. The king bought the wisdom, “Think deeply before doing anything,” from Nagendra.

6. He engraved it on his cups and plates so that he wouldn’t forget it.

7. The minister and one of the queens planned to kill the king.

8. The king ordered that the queen should be hanged.

B. Complete the following sentences:

1. Nagendra’s brilliant idea was to set up a shop and sell wisdom.

2. He sold Wisdom.

3. Wisdom was bought by Babu.

4. Babu’s father was angry with him because paying a nickel for wisdom.

5. Nagendra reacted to the fury of Gupta by asking to return his wisdom.

6. He returned the money after making Gupta sign a document which stated that his son will never use his advice and that he will always stand and watch people fighting.

7. Babu got into a problem for the second time when he watched the quarrel of two maids of the queens.

8. The dispute between the two maids was over a Pumpkin.

C. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each:

1. Why did Nagendra open a shop?

Answer: Nagendra was orphaned and found himself without a job. He was clever and he had learned many things by observing his father. So he decided to open a shop.

2. Why is the merchant’s son called a stupid boy?

Answer: Babu, a rich merchant’s son was a stupid boy because he doesn’t know about the reality. He heard that the wisdom is for sale. He didn’t know what was really being sold. He thought it was a vegetable or a thing he could hold in his hand. He asked Nagendra what it would cost per k.g.

3. What did Nagendra sell for a nickel?

Answer: Babu put down a nickel and asked Nagendra to give him a nickel’s worth of wisdom. Nagendra sold the wisdom for a nickel by writing “It is not wise to stand and watch two people fighting,” in a piece of paper and tied a turban cloth of Babu.

4. Why was Babu’s father angry?

Answer: Babu’s father angry because of his son’s foolishness. He thought that his son paid a nickel for a worthless wisdom. He said that everyone knows one who should not stand and watch when two people fighting.

5. How did Nagendra make Gupta realize the value of wisdom?

Answer: Gupta thought that the king would certainly chop off his son’s head if he found out without madness. So back they went to Nagendra for more wisdom. Nagendra advised them to tell the whole story and he will find it amusing and will forgive Babu. And so Babu followed the advice, found the king in a merry mood, and told him the story. The king laughed a lot and forgave him. Then Gupta realized the value of wisdom.

6. Why did the two maids quarrel?

Answer: One day, two queens sent their maid to the market. The maids went to the same shop and both wanted to buy the same pumpkin. There was only one pumpkin, so they began to quarrel.

7. Why did Babu and his father go to Nagendra twice?

Answer: Babu and his father go to Nagendra twice to his wisdom. Once Babu watched the quarrel between the maids of two queens in the market. Each of the maids wanted him to be her witness. The two queens threatened if he didn’t speak in support of her, she would have his head chopped off. So Babu and his father decided to go to Nagendra for his advice and escaped from the danger. But Gupta thought that his son would have to feign madness always or else the king would find out he had been tricked. He would certainly chop off his son’s head if he found out. So back they went to Nagendra for more wisdom for second time. They followed Nagendrs’s advice and told the whole truth to king when he was in good mood. The king laughed a lot and forgave him.

8. Why was Babu very happy?

Answer: When the king called the witness, his minister asked Babu various questions, but he wouldn’t answer any of them. He merely babbled and uttered nonsensical syllables till the king lost his patience and drove him out of the courtroom. Now Babu was delighted by the success of the ruse of Nagendra and very happy.

9. What is the meaning of the expression, “Think deeply before you do anything”?

Answer: The meaning of the expression, “Think deeply before you do anything” means to consider something very carefully, weighing the pros and cons, and thinking about potential outcomes. A little bit of thinking can help you choose the best course of action for a given situation. Thinking before acting can prevent you from later regretting your actions. 

10. Why did the king make Nagendra his minister?

Answer: The king made Nagendra his minister because Nagendra’s wisdom and advice saved the king’s life. Nagendra, who initially sold wisdom, advised the king to think deeply before acting, which helped the king uncover a conspiracy against him by his own minister and one of his queens. That is why the king make Nagendra his minister.

D. Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow:

1. “Think deeply before you do anything.”

a. Who was asked to think deeply?

Answer: The King was asked to think deeply.

b. Who gave this piece of wisdom and why?

Answer: Nagendra gave this piece of wisdom. Because the King asked if he had any more wisdom to sell.

c. How did this piece of wisdom help the receiver?

Answer: One day the king fell ill. The minister and one of the queens bribed the doctor and persuaded him to poison the king’s medicine. But the wisdom of Nagendra saved the life of king.

2. “I do not sell wisdom by weight. I sell it by quality.”  

a. Who said this?

Answer: Nagendra said this.

b. To whom was this said?

Answer: This was said to Babu.

c. When was this said?

Answer: It was said when Babu asked Nagendra what it would cost per k.g.

d. What does it mean?

Answer: We can’t weigh the wisdom by weight. It was not thing by weighing in the scale. It was a thought or thinking of a person. It can measure by judgements and quality only.

II. Let’s write:

Imagine that Babu in this lesson writes to his friend Salim narrating how he was saved by Nagendra’s wisdom. Use the hints given below to write the letter.

Hints: One day – passing Nagendra’s shop – bought wisdom – father angry. Nagendra gave back money – condition not to use the wisdom. Watched queen’s maids quarrel ……….

Called to king’s court – Nagendra’s advice – pretend insanity. Escape punishment. Nagendra famous. If in trouble visit –

Begin like this,

Dear Salim,

I want to tell you about a very unusual incident.

Two months ago I saw a new shop in the market place. A young boy called Nagendra, was selling “Wisdom.” So I went in ………

Answer:

Dear Salim,

I want to tell you about a very unusual incident.

Two months ago I saw a new shop in the market place. A young boy called Nagendra, was selling “Wisdom.” So I went in the shop. I thought that was the vegetable or a thing what he was selling.  I asked Nagendra what it would cost per k.g. He said, he do not sell wisdom by weight. But he sell it by quality. I gave him a nickel and bought a wisdom. He took out a piece of paper and wrote on it, “It is not wise to stand and watch two people fighting,” and he asked me to keep it tied in his turban cloth.

When I went home my father was very angry. Then he went to the market place and stormed into Nagendra’s shop and asked to return nickel.

After signing a document saying that ‘I will never use his advice and that I will always stand and watch people fighting’, Nagendra returned the nickel.

After few days maids of two queens are quarrelling for a pumpkin in the market. I forced to saw the quarrel between them. The matter goes to the king. The queens were now furious and sent complaints to the king. Each of them sent word to me that he was the witness on her side. If he didn’t speak in support of her, she would have my head chopped off. The king called me as a witness. My father and I was in a panic. We decided to take advice of Nagendra and he advised me to pretend insanely when the king was asking questions. I did not answer the questions of his ministers properly. The king lost his patience from my behaviour and sent out his courtroom and finally we are escaped from the punishment.

Nagendra is very famous in our here in now. If you get into any trouble in future, please visit here and use wisdom of Nagendra.

Your friend,

Babu

III. Let’s work with words:

Write the meanings of the following words with the help of a dictionary and use them in sentences to bring out their meaning.

furious, wisdom, persuade, feign, errands, contract, document, bargain, witness, ruse.

Furious – very angry – The little boy was furious when his brother broke his favorite toy.

wisdom – experience and knowledge – He lacked the wisdom to see the danger in the situation.

persuade – convince – He tried to persuade his parents to let him go on the school trip.

feign – pretend – He feign the upcoming rain when he saw the dark clouds in the sky.

errands – a short journey to get something for somebody, – sentence:She went on a quick errand to the bakery to buy some bread for dinner.

contract – a written legal agreement – sentence: Before starting the project, they made sure to sign a contract.

 document – record in writing, an official piece of writing which gives information, proof or evidence – sentence: The teacher asked students to document their research findings in a report.

bargain – discuss for the low price, something that is cheaper or at a lower price than usual – sentence: She tried to bargain with the shopkeeper for a lower price.

witness – a person in a place of event, a person who sees something happen and who can tell other people about it later – sentence: The police are looking for witnesses to the accident.

ruse – a trick, clever plan – sentence: His act was just a clever ruse to get me to go out with him.

IV. Let’s use Language:

A. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the right options:

1. His brilliance brought honour. (brilliantly, brilliance)

2. Wise people solve problems. (wise, wisdom)

3. Though he was clever, he was without a job. (in spite of, though)

4. There was no dearth of sympathy from the people when they heard of the cruel murder. (death, dearth)

5. The paucity of funds made them abandon the project. (paucity, pause)

B. Use “since” or “for” with the following time expressions:

1. The film has been on at the theatres since July.

2. She has been on holiday for the last three weeks.

3. She hasn’t been here for a month.

4. No one has lived here since 1989.

5. It’s the first time I have been here since the accident.

V. Let’s work on our own:

Read any popular story of Birbal in the class.

PROJECT WORK

VI. Imagine that you are interviewing Nagendra. Write any five questions that you would like to ask him and the answers that you are likely to get from him.

1……………………………….

2……………………………….

3……………………………….

4……………………………….

5……………………………….

8th Standard, English Second language POETRY 2 – THE LITTLE BUSY BEE

yakshadeepa
-
0

8th Standard, English Second language POETRY 2

THE LITTLE BUSY BEE

Pre Reading Task

Answer the following questions:

1. What time do you get up in the morning?

Answer: I get up 6 O’clock in the morning.

2. Do you play or study in the morning?

Answer: I study in the morning.

3. Are you entirely dependent on your parents for books and paying fees? If not, how do you earn money? 

Answer: Yes, now I entirely dependent on your parents for books and paying fees. But in upcoming years I have planning to earn money.

4. How long do you study everyday usually?

Answer: I study 3 hours every day.

5. Do you go to school in time?

Answer: Yes, I go to school in time.

6. Suppose your teacher is on leave and no other teacher takes your class, how do you spend that time?

Answer: I spend the time by studying and doing extra activities when our teacher is on leave and no other teacher takes our class.

7. You have read the passage. What do you learn from the life of Sir M. Vishweshwarayya?

Answer: ‘Hard work and discipline make is successful person.’ I learn this from the life of Sir M. Vishweshwarayya

Glossary :

1. doth : old form of “does” 

2. improve : make good use of 

3. shining : bright

4. gather : collect

5. skillful : clever

6. cell : a small compartment in the hive

7. Satan : evil spirit or King of devils

8. mischief : injury or damage

9. idle : doing nothing

10. first years : early years/boyhood

11. give account : say what you have done

12. at last : at the end of life 

C1 Answer the following questions. Share your responses with others.

1. Who is the poet speaking about?

Answer: The poet speaking about the little busy bee.

2. Why does the bee sit on the flower?

Answer: The bee sit on the flower for gather honey.

3. How does the bee build her cell?

Answer: The bee skilfully builds her cell by neatly spread her wax.

4. ‘I would be busy too’. Who does ‘I’ refer to?

Answer: I refer to the poet himself.

5. What does ‘sweet food’ mean in the context?

Answer: The ‘sweet food’ mean in the context is Honey.

6. Who does Satan manage to work through? 

Answer: Satan manages to work through idle hands of the people. 

C2 Pick out the best alternative for each of the following statements. 

1. People like the bee because:

a. it is clever

b. it sits on the opening flower

c. it works hard

d. they get honey from it.

Answer: they get honey from it.

2. And labours hard to store it well.

 Here ‘it’ refers to 

a. the bee

b. the honey

c. the wax

d. the flower

Answer: the honey

Read and Write:

C3 Read and discuss your responses with your partner. Then write.

1. Why does the poet call the bee busy?

Answer: The bee is always busy with working. She was collecting honey all the day and busy with sitting every opening flowers. They are skilfully builds the hive with their wax. Then store the honey in the hive that she builds. Because of her hard working the poet called the bee busy.

2. “Let my first years be passed.”

a] What does ‘first years’ refer to?

Answer: Here ‘first years’ refers to the early years of the poet. That means his childhood days.

b] How does the poet want to spend his first years?

Answer: The poet want to spend his first years by reading books, work and healthful plays.

c] Why does he want to do so?

Answer: Because hard work will give better results at the end.

3. How can you say that the bee is intelligent and clever?

Answer: The bee is intelligent and clever because she skilfully build the cell and hive with spreading her wax. Then every day collecting the honey from the flowers. The bees are collecting nectar from the flower and convert into honey and store the honey on its hive. That is how the bee is intelligent and clever.

4. What is admirable about the work of the bee?

Answer: The bee skilfully builds her cell by neatly spread her wax. Bees are known for their hard working. Then every day collecting the honey from the flowers. The bees are collecting nectar from the flower and convert into honey and store the honey on its hive. This honey is very useful to human for their food and medicine. These are the admirable work of the bee. 

5. Why does the poet want us to be like the bee?

Answer: The poet want us to be like the bee because,

a) The bee is a hard worker. We would like to be the honey bee. Hard work will make us successor.

b) The bee is collecting and storing honey from the flowers. It was helpful to the human. So we also be helpful to the society.

6. Why should we not keep ourselves idle? What will happen if we are idle?

Answer:  We not keep ourselves idle because Satan finds some mischief and spoil our life. If we keep ourselves idle, we doesn’t achieve anything in our life. We have to keep us busy with hard work like bee. It gives success in our life.

7. What is the message of the poem?

Answer: The message of the poem is ‘hard work will make us successor’ and ‘Unity is the real strength.’

8. Which lines do you like the best in the poem? Give reasons for your choice.

Answer: ‘How doth the little busy bee, Improve each shining hour.’ These lines I like the best in the poem. Because bees are known for their hard working. Then every day collecting the honey from the flowers. They are busy with their work and they work hard until they collect the honey. These lines are explaining the real life of bees.

9. Pick out the rhyming words in the poem and add more words to each of the rhyming pair.

e.g. play….. day …… may 

Answer: The rhyming words in the poem are,

Hour- flower, cell – well, wax – makes, skill – still, too – do, play – day,

Extended Activity:

1. Draw a picture of a bee and its hive.

2. Collect information about how honey is taken out from the cell.

Additional Reading:

Read the following poem and try to understand the message.

The Noble Nature

It is not growing like a tree

In bulk, doth make man better be;

Or standing like an oak, three hundred year,

To fall a log at last, dry, bald and sere:

A lily of a day

Is fairer far in May

Although it fall and die that night:

It was the plant and flower of light.

In small proportions we just beauties see;

And in small measures life may perfect be

• Ben Jonson

Suggested Reading: 

“Leave this Chanting and Singing” – Rabindranath Tagore

8th Standard, English SL PROSE 2 – SIR C.V. RAMAN

yakshadeepa
-
0

8th Standard, English SL PROSE 2

SIR C.V. RAMAN

Pre reading task – KAYAKAVE KAILASA

ILA Your teacher reads a passage. Listen to it. Then answer the following questions: 

  1. Where was Bhaskara born?

Answer: He was born in 600 CE in the town of Vijjadavida, near present-day Bijapur in Karnataka, India

  • Who was his father?

Answer: Bhaskara’s father was Mahesvara.

  • Why do we, Kannadigas, feel proud of Bhaskara?

Answer: We feel proud of Bhaskara because he born in near Bijapura in Karnataka state.

  • Who taught him Mathematics first?

Answer: Bhaskara was first taught mathematics by his father, Maheśvara

  • What is Bhaskara’s invention? 

Answer: Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya, is credited with significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including the invention of differential calculus and the Chakravala method for solving indeterminate equations. He also made advancements in understanding the number zero and negative numbers. 

IRA 1. Look at the pictures of great scientists given below. Identify them and mention at least one contribution of each of them in the field of science.

  1. Sir. Isaac Newton – Laws of motion 
  2. Marie Curie – Radioactivity
  3. Homi Jehangir Bhabha – Nuclear Physics
  4. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai – Space Science
  5. J.C. Bose – Plant Science
  6. James Watt – Steam engine

IRA 2. Match the names of scientists in Column ‘A’ with their field of work in Column ‘B’:

 ‘A’                                                       ‘B’

1. Homi Jehangir Bhabha                    a. Nuclear Physics

2. Sir. Isaac Newton                            b. Laws of motion 

3. James Watt                                     c. Steam engine

4. Marie Curie                                     d. Radioactivity

5. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai                        e. Space Science

6. J.C. Bose                                          f. Plant Science

C1 Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partner. 

1. Who were Raman’s parents?

Answer: Chandrashekara Iyer and Parvathi Ammal were Raman’s parents.

2. Why was Raman not able to attend school regularly?

Answer: Raman used to fall sick every now and then, and he was not able to attend school regularly.

3. Where did he complete his Intermediate examination?

Answer: Raman completed the Intermediate examination from Hindu College, Vishakapatna.

4. What subjects did his relatives advise him to take for B.A.?

Answer: His relatives advised him to give up science and take History and Economics as his special subjects for B.A.

5. Why could not Raman go to the United Kingdom for higher studies?

Answer: After his M.A., Raman wanted to go to the United Kingdom for higher studies in science. But his health broke down again, and he could not go. 

C2 Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partner. 

1. How long did he work at Calcutta University?

Answer: Raman works at Calcutta University for fifteen years.

2. What made Raman give up the highly paid post of Special Accountant General?

Answer: When he was offered the post of Professor at Calcutta University, Raman give up the highly paid post of Special Accountant General.

3. How did the Soviet Union honour him?

Answer: Soviet Union honoured him by awarding the International Lenin Prize.

Read and Write :

C3 Read the following questions. Before writing the answers, discuss your responses/ideas with others in the group. 

1. What makes you think that Raman, even as a boy, had great interest in Science?

Answer: Even as a boy, he had made the model of a dynamo. During his school days, he borrowed science books from college students and read them. That makes us to think that Raman, even as a boy, had great interest in Science.

2. Why did Raman’s relatives ask Raman to take up Arts Subjects? How did Raman react to it?

Answer: Raman’s relatives ask Raman to take up Arts Subjects because of his poor health. Raman used to fall sick every now and then, and he was not able to attend school regularly. But Raman had made up his mind to study science, he took Physics. He passed his B.A. securing the first rank, and a number of prizes.

3. What was Raman’s first disappointment in life?

Answer: After his M.A., Raman wanted to go to the United Kingdom for higher studies in science. But his health broke down again, and he could not go. This was the first and greatest disappointment in his life.

4. Why was Raman not happy with the post of Deputy Accountant General?

Answer: Raman was appointed as Deputy Accountant General in 1907, at Calcutta. His relatives perhaps felt happy to see that Raman had settled down well in life. But Raman was not happy. A scientist like Raman could not put up with the life of a Deputy Accountant General. That is why Raman not happy with the post of Deputy Accountant General.

5. How can you say that Raman had not lost interest in science when he was the Deputy Accountant General? 

Answer: Raman had not lost interest in science when he was the Deputy Accountant General. Even as Deputy Accountant General, Raman mixed with scientists and took interest in Science. One day, while returning from his office, he saw a banner outside a building on which was printed – THE INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF SCIENTISTS. At the sight of that banner, Raman got off the moving train and went to meet the scientists who had gathered in that building. Sometime later, when he was in Rangoon, he learnt that an institution had bought a piece of modern scientific apparatus. He hurriedly put on his clothes and went to have a look at it. Such was the interest he had in science.

Vocabulary:

V1 Fill in the blanks with the words opposite in meaning to the words underlined.

e.g. Harish reached the bus station in time but his friend reached late, so, he missed the bus.

Ans.: [late]

1. We should neither borrow nor lend.

2. Why do you feel old? Feel young

3. Don’t stand outside. Come inside

4. Are wealthy people really happy or sad?

5. Eat less but work more.

V2 The pronunciation of the following pairs of words are almost the same but they differ in meaning. Use each word in the pair in meaningful sentences.

1. break, brake

2. knew, new

3. sight, site

4. some, sum

5. plays, place

e.g. Sachin Tendulkar breaks the previous record.

 Let me apply the brake.

  1. When we lost the keys, we have to break the door.

The driver suddenly applied brake.

2. He knew all about his neighbours.

Radha bought new car.

3. My grandmother’s eye sight is not bad even in this age.

My Uncle build a new house in his site.

4. Some of the boys are very naughty in the class. 

Using calculator is easy to find the sim.

5. There are number of plays to participate.

There is no place to sit in the bus.

V3 Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs or idioms, choosing from the ones given in brackets.

[make up, put up with, give up, put on, a fish out of water, make out, break down] 

e.g. He speaks using high sounding words. Really, I can’t make out anything. 

1. We usually put on cotton clothes during summer.

2. One day, a villager came to me and asked me to read a letter. I tried my best, but could not make out what the person had written.

3. Great people/persons have an ocean of patience. They have learnt to put up with difficulties.

4. Raju’s health used to break down now and then. So, he had to give up the highly paid post of Accountant in an office. At first he felt like a fish out of water.

5. People should make up their mind to fight against corruption.

V4 Make compound words with the words given in Columns 

‘A’ and ‘B’ and use the same in meaningful sentences of your own.

            ‘A’                                            ‘B’

1. boy                                                  a. class

2. time                                                 b. post

3. first                                                  c.  mate

4. road                                                 d. table

5. speed                                               e. map

6. class                                                 f. fast

g. hood

e.g. roadmap : Before you visit a country abroad, have a look at the roadmap.

1. He is very clever in his boyhood.

2. Students make themselves a timetable to prepare examination.

3. She passed in first class in her examinations.

4. Roadmap is very helpful when we visit the strange places.

5. Karun send a letter in speed post to Suresh.

6. Meena and Veena are classmates.

V5 Which words/phrases in the text mean more or less the same as the following? Paragraph numbers are given in brackets. 

e.g. 1. boyhood [P1] = early days

2. uncomfortable [P3] = fish out of water

3. chance [P3]  = opportunity.

4. happily [P5] = gladly.

5. not remember [P6] = forget

6. morning food [P6] = breakfast

7. money permitted to be drawn for expenses [P7] = allowance

8. sympathy [P7] = pity

V6 Give the negative forms of the underlined words using a prefix like in-, un-, dis-, im-.

e.g. a popular poem an unpopular poem 

1. an interesting story ________________ an uninteresting story

2. a fortunate thing ________________a unfortunate thing

3. a correct answer ________________ an incorrect answer

4. a pure heart _________________a impure heart

5. a happy day _________________ a unhappy day

6. an honest person _________________ a dishonest person

V7 Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the underlined words.

e.g. 1. The teacher dictates notes.

 The teacher gave us dictation. 

 2. Admit Suresh to VIII standard.

 Let Suresh get admission to VIII standard.

 3. Literates should educate villagers.

 Literates should give education to villagers.

 4. Appoint him.

 Give him an appointment

 5. Have you decided where to go?

 Have you taken the decision where to go?

V8 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the words given in brackets.

e.g. Please give your _______ [accept] within a week.

 Please give your acceptance within a week.

1. The speaker accepted the resignation [resign] of the legislator.

2. We should not have too much attachment [attach] to anything.

3. The discovery [discover] of the sea route to India was made by Vasco-da-Gama. 

4. The teacher admired the honesty [honest] of Manjula.

5. Have a scientific [science] outlook. 

6. Please don’t cause inconvenience [inconvenient] to travellers.

7. Make meaningful [meaning] sentences. 

8. Why are you afraid of the examiner [examine]?

9. Chemistry is an interesting [interest] subject.

A. Listen and Speak – Vowels / e / and / æ /

Task 1. Your teacher will say these words aloud. Listen and 

Repeat             Bed      said      set       met      pen      bad      sad       sat       mat      pan

What difference in sounds did you hear?

Yes. The first word in each pair has a vowel sound/e/ and the second

word in the pair has a vowel sound /æ/.

Task 2. Your teacher will say and write the following words. Identify the 

 vowel sounds in them and write them in the appropriate column.

 flee, catch, tense, spin, sleep, fan, left,

mad, scratch, bid, speed, mean, span, dream,

sent, please, trim, hid, hatch, split, fresh,

den, sea, drench, free, mint, sketch, click,

e.g. : please bid hatch drench

Answer:

/i:/  – flee, sleep, speed, mean, dream, please, sea, free,                             

/ɪ/   – spin, bid, trim, hid, split, mint, click                             

/æ/ – catch, fan, mad, scratch, span, hatch               

/e/ – tense, left, sent, fresh, den, drench, sketch

B. Spoken English

Note: A conversation usually starts with self-introduction. In some cases, it begins with comment on the weather.

Question tags like’isn’t it’? ‘aren’t you’? are usually used in conversation. 

Question tags are not questions, but expect agreement of the listener with what is said by the speaker.

Situation: 2

(Two friends Raj and Lathif meet by chance. Fill in the blanks.)

Answer:

Raj: Oh, what a surprise you’re Lathif? Aren’t you?

Lathif: Yes I am. But how come you’re here?

Raj: Lathif, I have come on some official work here.

Lathif: Ah, you’re a business man. You have set up a shop haven’t you?

Raj: Yes, I have. Well, let’s have coffee, shall we?

Lathif: By all means. After that we can talk a lot, can’t we?

C. Reading

Reading Maps: Task. Look at the map of Srilanka which shows the distribution of Tamilians living there

Read the map and the information given carefully. Based on them, say whether the following statements are true or false. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false in the boxes accordingly.

1.Tamilians are over 50% in the northernmost part of Srilanka. 

Answer: True

  • In Batticola the Tamilians are less than 50%. 

Answer: False

  • The east coast of Sri Lanka has more Tamilians than its west coast. 

Answer: True

  • More than 50% of the people in Colombo are Tamilians. 

Answer: False

  • Only Sinhalese live in Jafna. 

Answer: False

  • The central part of Srilanka is dense with Tamilians. 

Answer: False

  • Kandy does not have any sea coast.

Answer: True 

D. Grammar. Simple Present Form Task 1. Use ‘walk’ or ‘walks’ in sentences beginning with the following subjects: 

e.g. My mother walks early in the morning. 

 My father – My father walks in the evening.

 You – You are walking very fast.

 John – John walking with his sister.

 Children – Children are interested to walk.

 Your sister – Your sister is not walking.

 Twenty boys – Twenty boys are participating in the walking competition.

 His brother – His brother likes walk in everyday morning.

Task 2. Match the words in column ‘A’ with the words in column ‘B’. Using the appropriate form of verbs, frame sentences. One example is given. Note: The verbs are given in brackets.

 e.g., Vendors sell things on the streets.

Answer:

‘A’                                            ‘B’

A ship                                                  sweets

The doctor                                           downwards

A dog                                                   in the sky

Birds                                                    at 9.00 in the morning

Vendors                                               the ball

Children                                               a cat

A carpenter                                         on water

Water                                                  things on the street

Our school                                           tools from wood

The goal keeper                                  the patient

The Present Continuous or The Present Progressive Form.

Task 3. Look at these pictures. Write what they are doing.

Answer:

  1. A ship sails on water
  2. The doctor treats the patient.
  3. A dog chases a cat.
  4. Birds are flying in the sky.
  5. Vendors sell things in the shop.
  6. Children like sweets.
  7. A carpenter makes tools from wood.
  8. Water flows downwards.
  9. Our School begins at 9.00 in the morning.
  10. The goal keeper stops the ball.

Task 3. Look at these pictures. Write what they are doing.

a boy – running (field)

a student – reading (a book)

a girl – eating (a fruit)

a mother – lighting the lamp

a farmer – carrying a bundle.

eg. Picture 1. A mother is lighting the lamp.

Answer:

1. A mother is lighting the lamp.

2. A boy is running on the field.

3. A student is reading a book

4. A girl is eating a fruit

5. A farmer is carrying a bundle.

E. Writing

Framing sentences

Task 1. Frame appropriate phrases with the words from the table given below. Also, build a context / sentence using the phrase.

Faith, interest, sympathy, slave, passion

To, for, in

Science, money, dancing, the poor, you, memory

e.g. Phrase – Slave to money.

Context: Pradeep is a slave to money. He has become inhuman.

Answer:

  1. Phrase — Faith in science
    Swathi has faith in science. So she decided to continue study the science.
  2. Phrase — Sympathy for the poor.
    Srihari has sympathy for the poor. He believes in helping others.
  3. Phrase — Interest for money
    Bankers are giving interest for money. They are encouraging savings.
  4. Passion in dancing.
    Girls have a passion in dancing. So they can participate in programmes.

Task 2. Rearrange the words into meaningful sentences.

1) from / learn / a little / I/ incident/every.

2) youngster/ a/ of the two/ the bigger/ sturdy/ was.

3) no shoes/ they/and/ wore/muddy/ their/were/ feet.

4) Mahatma Gandhiji/ weapon/ his/non violence/adopted /as.

5) subject/ deeply/ that/ I/ the/ thought/ evening/ on.

e.g., 1. I learn a little from every incident.

Answer:

1 . I learn a little from every incident.

2. The bigger of the two youngster was a sturdy.

3. They wore no shoes and their feet were muddy.

4. Mahatma Gandhiji adopted non-violence as his weapon.

5. I thought the subject deeply on that evening.

Suggested Reading: Discoveries and Inventions that Changed our World

Editor: Pete Moore

Publishers: Apple.

9th Standard, Social, Political Science CHAPTER 6 – THE UNION GOVERNMENT

yakshadeepa
-
0

9th Standard, Social, Political Science CHAPTER – 6

THE UNION GOVERNMENT

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. India has a Federal or Parliamentary form of government.

2. The Union Legislature is called Parliament.

3. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is the Vice President.

4. One has to complete 25 years to become a member of the Lok Sabha.

5. The Commander-in-Chief of the three Armed Forces is the President.

6. The process for electing the President is explained under Articles 54 and 55 of the Constitution.

7. The Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission is appointed by President.

II. Discuss in group and Answer the following questions.

8. Name the two Houses of the Parliament.

Answer: The two Houses of the Parliament are Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. The Upper House is called Rajya Sabha and the Lower House is called Lok Sabha.

9. Explain the composition of the Rajya Sabha.

Answer: The number of seats in the Rajya Sabha is 250, of which 238 members are elected by the members of the State Assemblies and Union Territories. The remaining 12 members, who are experts from various fields like literature, art, science and social work are nominated by the President. This House is also known as the House of Elders. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not dissolved like the Lok Sabha. The term of the members is six years. One-third of its members retire on completion of six years term every second year. In their place new members are elected. The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The Deputy Chairman is chosen from among the members. The House should meet at least twice a year. The members may request for a special session.

10. What are the qualifications needed to become a member of the Lok Sabha?

Answer: The qualifications needed to become a member of the Lok Sabha are as follows.

1. Should be a citizen of India.

2. Must not be less than 25 years of age.

3. Should not hold any office of profit under the Government.

4. Should not have been punished under law.

5. Should not be bankrupt.

6. Should not be a person of unsound mind.

7. Should possess qualifications as specified by Parliament from time to time.

11. Explain the election process for the post of President.

Answer: The President is elected by an electoral college of elected members of both Houses of Parliament, all elected members of the legislative assemblies of all States, New Delhi and Pondicherry. The Supreme Court judge administers him the oath of office. His term of office is five years. He is eligible for re-election. When he goes against the Constitution, he can be removed from office by the Parliament through a Motion of Impeachment.

12. List out the powers and functions of the Prime Minister.

Answer: The Constitution has provided for a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its Head to assist and advise the President in the administration of the country. The powers and functions of the Prime Minister are as follows.

  1. Appointment and Removal of Ministers, and Allocation of Port folios
  2. 2. Head of Government: The Prime Minister is responsible for all actions of the Government. He co-ordinates the activities of the various Ministers.
  3. Head of Union Cabinet: The meetings of the Union Cabinet are held under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister. All discussions of issues of national and international importance are discussed and decisions are taken under his chairmanship.
  4. Power to advice to dissolve the Loka Sabha: The Prime Minister has the power to advice the president to dissolve the Lok Sabha. When there are serious disagreement in the cabinet and when the cabinet losses the confidence of Lok Sabha.

13. Explain the composition of the Union Cabinet and its responsibilities.

Answer: The union cabinet headed by the Prime Minister is the real executive and manages the entire administration of the nation. The union cabinet formulates and implements public policies and plans. Central ministry can be classified in to three types. They are

1. Cabinet grade minister

2. Ministers of the state

3. Deputy Ministers

According to the constitution, the size of the union cabinet cannot exceed 15% of the total number of Lok Sabha members including the prime minister. This cabinet has two types of responsibilities. Each minister is personally responsible for the progress, success and failure of his portfolio and the council of ministers is collectively responsible to parliament (Lok Sabha) for its administration, policy, discussion and programmes. The Lok Sabha can remove the council of ministers from power by passing a no-confidence motion.

Additional Questions and Answers:

1 . Through what does the central government exercise its powers?
Answer: the Central Government has been given more powers in view of the unity, Integrity and security of the nation. It exercises these powers through the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
2. What are the qualifications required to become a Member of Rajyasabha?
Answer: The qualifications required to become a Member of Rajyasabha are as follows.

1. Should be a citizen of India.

2. Should not be less than 30 years of age.

3. Should not hold any office of profit under the government.

4. Should not have been punished under law.

5. Should not be bankrupt.

6. Should not have been declared to be a person of unsound mind by a court of law.

             7. Should possess the qualifications specified from time to time by the Parliament.
3. What is called quorum in Rajyasabha? 
Answer: At least 10% of the members (a minimum of 25 members) should be present during the sessions of the Rajya Sabha. This is called quorum.
4 . The maximum number of seats is 543 at present in Lok sabha.
5 . What are the responsibilities of Lok sabha Speaker? 
Answer: The responsibilities of Lok sabha Speaker are as follows. 
(i ) After being elected as speaker, he has to function in the house in a non-partisan manner.
(ii) He presides over the proceeding of the meeting and maintains peace and order in the house.
(iii) The speaker is responsible for conducting debate voting, resolution in the house according to the rules.
(iv) Clarity about the rules and the authority to give decision will also be the responsibility of Speaker.
6 . What are the role and work of opposition leader?
Answer: 10% of the total number of members of the concerned houses (Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha) that political party gets the seats is called the opposition party. The role and work of opposition leader are,

(i ) Highlight the wrong doings of the ruling government.

(ii ) Examine thoroughly the policies of the government.

(iii) Keep the government, council of ministers and officials alert.

(iv) Opposition party leader has a respectable position.
7. What are the powers and functions of the Parliament?
Answer: The powers and functions of the Parliament are as follows. 
Legislative powers and functions: The main function of the Parliament is to make laws. It can frame laws on subjects mentioned in the Central list.
Administrative powers and functions: Parliament has control over the executive. If the Lok Sabha expresses no confidence in the government policies and plans, the executive (the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister) will have to resign.
Financial powers and functions: Lok Sabha exercises total control over the financial matters of the country.
Judicial powers and functions: Both the Houses of the Parliament have the authority to remove the President as well as the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts through a Motion of Impeachment.
Power and functions to amend Constitution: According to article 368 of the Indian constitution the parliament has power to amend the constitution of India.

Other powers and functions:

1. To frame laws relating to the powers and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

2. To establish one High Court for two or more States.

3. To create new States, rename them or to determine the boundaries of States.

4. To discuss the reports of committees like the Public Services Commission, Finance Commission, Election Commission, National Backward Classes Commission etc.

5. To approve the declaration of Emergencies like the National Emergency, State Emergency and Financial Emergency.
8.  Explain briefly about ‘Union Executive’.
Answer: The Executive implements the laws framed by the Union Legislature. It also implements the Programmes and policies of the Union Government. The Union Executive consists of the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers. The President is the head and Attorney General of India, whereas the Prime Minister and his Cabinet form the actual Executive.
9 . Mention the qualifications of the President.
Answer: The qualifications of the President are,

1. He should be a citizen of India.

2. He should have completed the age of 35 years.

3. He should be qualified for election as a Member of the Lok Sabha.

             4. He should not hold any office of profit under the Government.
10 . Name the Powers and functions of the President.
Answer: The Powers and functions of the President are as follows.
Executive Powers and Functions: The administration is carried out in the name of the President.
Legislative Powers and Functions: The President has the power to summon the Parliament or postpone its sessions.
Judicial Powers and Functions: The President has the power to reduce the term of imprisonment of criminals, and to cancel the capital punishment. 
Financial Powers and Functions: A finance bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha without the permission of the President.
Military Powers and Functions: The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
Emergency Powers and Functions: 18 schedule of our constitution describes 3 types of emergency.

Discretionary Powers: The President can exercise certain powers without waiting for approval of the Union Cabinet. They are called discretionary powers. They are,

1. He may invite the leader of any party to form the government when no single party has got a majority after an election.

2. When the Parliament approves a Bill and sends it to him for assent, he may return the Bill for re-consideration.

III. Activities:

1. Conduct a school Parliament in your school.

2. Meet the legislator of your constituency and discuss his work.

IV. Project:

1. Prepare a model of the Parliament house and display in your school.

10th Standard, Social, Geography CHAPTER 12 – INDIA – SOILS

yakshadeepa
-
0

10th Standard, Social, Geography CHAPTER 12 – INDIA – SOILS

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The soil deposited by rivers is called alluvial soil.

2. Black soil area is called Deccan Trap.

3. In Rajasthan Desert soil is also mainly found.

4. The widely spread soil in India is alluvial soil.

5. For growing ragi and oil seeds, Red soil is suitable.

II Answer the following questions in brief:

6. What are the types of soils found in India?

Answer: The types of soils found in India are, 

1. Alluvial soil 2. Black soil 3. Red soil 4. Laterite soil 5. Desert soil and 

6. Mountain soil.

7. What is meant by soil conservation? List out its methods.

Answer: Prevention of soil erosion and protecting the fertility of the soil is known as Conservation of Soil. Methods of soil conservation are as follows.

i. contour ploughing.

ii. constructrion of bunds around the agricultural land.

iii. development of terraced agricultural fields.

iv. prevention of deforestation 

v. encouragement of afforestation.

vi. control of livestock grazing. 

vii. planned use of water.

viii. construction of check dams etc.

8. What is soil erosion? What are the reasons for it?

Answer: Transportation of surface soil by various natural forces is called soil erosion. Running water, winds and sea waves are the main causes of soil erosion. 

The important reasons for soil erosion are,

1. Deforestation 2. Over grazing 3.Unscientific methods of cultivation. 4. Over irrigation 5. Briskly flowing water and floods. 6. Use of Top layer of the soil to manufacture of bricks, tiles and pots.

9. What are the effects of soil erosion?

Answer: The effects of soil erosion are,

1) Soil erosion leads to accumulation of silt in the river beds, thereby causing floods.

2) With accumulation of silt in river course changing direction of rivers course.

3) Due to accumulation of silt, the storage capacity of the reservoirs and lakes get reduced.

4) Due to soil erosion, the volume of water percolating down gets reduced. 

5) Due to this, natural springs dry up. 

6) As India is mainly dependent on agriculture, its productivity is reduced. 

10. Which types of soils are found in the Himalayan Mountains?

Answer: Mountain soils are found in the Himalayan Mountains. It contains plenty of decayed organic matter. This soil is found on the lower slopes of the mountains.

III Activities:

1. Visit the office of the Assistant Director of Agriculture in your taluk and make a list of the various kinds of soil found in the taluk and their uses.

2. By rearing animals does soil erosion occur? Discuss with your teacher.

Yes, animal rearing can contribute to soil erosion, primarily through overgrazing and the physical disturbance of soil by animal hooves and activities. When animals graze on vegetation, they can remove or damage the plants that help hold the soil in place, making it more vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. 

Animals create trails as they move across the land, which can become pathways for water and wind to erode the soil.

Grazing animals, if not managed properly, can consume plants faster than they can regrow, leading to a reduction in plant cover. This exposes the soil to wind and water, increasing the risk of erosion.

Additional questions and answers

  1. What are the main crops grown on Alluvial soil?

Answer: The main crops grown on alluvial soil are wheat, paddy, sugarcane, cotton and jute.

  • Name the areas which alluvial soils are found.

Answer: The areas which alluvial soils are found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Punjab, Haryana and Brahmaputra valley of Assam. Besides, Narmada and Tapti valley and the coastal plains on both sides of the peninsular plateau also have this kind of soils.

  • What are the other names of Black soil?

Answer: The other names of Black soil are Regur soil and Black Cotton soil.

  • Mention the areas which Black soils are found.

Name: The areas which Black soils are found in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Western areas of Andhra Pradesh and North Karnataka.

  • What are the major crops grown on Black soil?

Answer: The major crops grown on Black soil are Cotton, jowar, wheat, onion, chilli, tobacco, oil seeds, lemon and grapes.

  • Where is Red soil found? What are the major crops growing in this soil?

Answer: Red soil found in from Kanyakumari in the South to Jhansi in Madhya Pradesh in the North, from Gujarat’s Kutch area to Raj Mahal hills in the Jharkhand area.

The major crops growing in this type of soil are ragi, tobacco and oil seeds. Areas having irrigation facility grow paddy, sugarcane, cotton etc.

  • Laterite soil is found in which normal areas? Why it found there?

Answer: Laterite soil is found normally in the areas receiving more than 200 cms of rainfall. Because of having rainfall, the minerals of the soil get washed off leaving behind ferric oxide and aluminium in the surface soil.

  • Where is Laterite soil found? What are the major crops growing in this soil?

Answer: Laterite soil is extended over the Western Ghats, the Vindhyas, the Satpuras, the Rajmahal hills and Poorvachal region. It is suitable for the cultivation of coffee and tea and other plantation crops.

  • Where Desert soil is formed? Mention the crops growing n this soil?

Answer: Desert soil is formed in the regions of less rainfall and high temperature. It is distributed in the areas of North-west Rajasthan and adjoining areas of Punjab, Haryana, Kutch area of Western Gujarat and the Western parts of the Aravalli mountains. Jowar, Sajje and dates are grown in this soil.

  1. Where is Mountain soil found? What are the major crops growing in this soil?

Answer: Mountain soil found on the lower slopes of the mountains. Foothills of the Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal and other mountainous regions have this type of soil. The major crops growing in this soil are coffee, tea, spices and fruits.  

IV Project:

1. Take a small amount of soil from your neighbourhood or your farm and, with the help of your teacher, get it tested at a soil testing center. Learn about the suitability of that soil for various crops.

10th Standard, Social, Geography Chapter 11 – INDIA – SEASONS

yakshadeepa
-
0

10th Standard, Social, Geography Chapter 11

INDIA – SEASONS

EXERCISES

I Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Highest temperature region in the country is Ganganagar of Rajastan 

2. Due to local temperature winds convectional rainfall occurs.

3. The area receiving very less rainfall in our country is Ruyli of Jaisalmer district in Rajasthan.

4. The area receiving the highest rainfall in our country is Mawsynram region of Meghalaya. 

II. Answer the following questions in brief.

5. Which type of climate is experienced by India?

Answer: India has tropical monsoon type of climatic condition. In this type of climate, winds blow in opposite directions in different seasons.

6. What causes cyclonic winds to occur in India during the withdrawal of monsoons?

Answer: During Receding Monsoon Period, India receives about 13% of the annual rainfall, due to the differences in temperature and pressure of land and sea. Tropical Cyclones frequently occur in the Bay of Bengal during this season. They cause widespread damage along their path, particularly along the coast.

7.  Which factors influence the climate of India?

Answer: Latitude, height from the sea level, distance from the sea, direction of the winds, mountain ranges, ocean currents etc., are influence on the climatic condition of the country.

8.  ‘Indian agriculture gambling with the monsoon winds.’ Discuss.

Answer: The South-West monsoons control the agriculture of India which is the main occupation of Indians. Failure of rainfall leads to drought. When the monsoons are heavy there are floods they also cause to destruction to life and property. Hence it is said that Indian agriculture is a “gamble with the monsoons”.

III. Match the following.

A                                                          B

i. Kalabaisaki                                       a. Uttar Pradesh

ii. Andies                                             b. Karnataka

iii. Coffee blossom                              c. Kerala

iv. Mango showers                              d. Rajasthan

                                                            e. West Bengal

Answer:

i. Kalabaisaki                                       West Bengal

ii. Andies                                             Uttar Pradesh

iii. Coffee blossom                              Karnataka

iv. Mango showers                              Kerala

Additional Questions:

  1. What are the four seasons of Indian climate?

Answer: The four seasons of Indian climate are summer season, South-west Monsoon season, Retreating monsoon season, winter season.

2. The summer season begins from March and ends in May month in India.

3. The South-west Monsoon season begins from June and ends in September month in India.

4. The Retreating monsoon season begins from October and ends in November month in India.

5. The winter season begins from December and ends in February month in India.

6. South India is surrounded by water on three sides.

6. What are the other names of convectional rainfall in different state of India?

Answer: The other names of convectional rainfall in different state of India are, ‘Kala Baisakhi’ in West Bengal, ‘Andhis’ in Uttar Pradesh ‘coffee blossoms in karnataka’ and ‘mango showers’ in Kerala.

7. What is South-West Monsoon?

Answer: In India, the South-West Monsoons comprise the rainy season. These are called the South-West Monsoon winds.

8. Which are the states witnesses’ low temperature in winter season in India?

Answer: During winter season Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and the North Indian plains witness very low temperature.

9. What are the three divisions based on rainfall in India?

    Answer:  The three divisions based on rainfall in India are Low rainfall region, Moderate rainfall region and Heavy rainfall region.

    IV Activity:

    1. Draw a map of India and mark the distribution of rainfall.

    V Project:

    1. Learn from your teachers about the seasonal characteristics in your area.

    10th Standard, Social History Chapter – 4, OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE IN KARNATAKA AND WODEYARS OF MYSORE

    yakshadeepa
    -
    0

    10th Standard, Social History Chapter – 4

    OPPOSITION TO BRITISH RULE IN KARNATAKA AND WODEYARS OF MYSORE

    Exercises

    I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers

    1. The First Anglo-Mysore war took place between British and Hyder Ali 

    2. The Second Anglo-Mysore war ended with Mangalore treaty.

    3. Raja Wodeyar made Srirangapattana as his capital.

    4. Kittur Rani Chennamma adopted a boy named Shivalingappa

    5. Rayanna of Kittur state belonged to Sangolli village.

    6. Surapura is in the present district of Yadgiri.

    7. The Bedas of Halagali village of Bagalkote district rebelled against the British.

    8. The Amara Sullia rebellion was basically a farmer’s rebellion.

    II. Discuss in groups and answer later

    9. What are the achievements of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar?

    Answer: Chikkadevaraja Wodeyarwas an efficient soldier and administrator. He checked the invasion of Shivaji at Madurai, Ikkeri and Bijapur. He captured Magadi, Madhugiri, Koratagere and other places. He purchased Bangalore from the Mughal military general. He had the titles like Karnataka ‘Kavichakravarthi’, ‘Aprathima veera’, ‘Thenkanaraja’ and ‘Navakoti Narayana’. He started the council of ministers (Athara Kacheri) to help in administration. The postal system came into being during his time. A dam was constructed across river cauvery and Chikka Devaraja and Dodda Devaraja Canal were also constructed for irrigation. He had patronised many poets like Thirumalarya, Sanchi Honnamma and so on.

    10. How did Hyder Ali come to power?

    Answer: The death of Chikkadevaraj Wodeyar in 1704 created various political challenges in Mysuru state. Hyder Ali gained prominence in this scenario of uncertainity that clouded over the Mysuru and carnatic region. Hyder Ali soon became popular in using arms and experiments. He undertook the invasion of the forces by active military operations and suppressed Dalvoys. He imprisoned Krishna Raja Wodeyar II and kept him under house arrest and took over the power. He became famous as Nawab Hyder Ali in a short time.

    11. What were the effects of Second Anglo-Mysore war?

    Answer: The effects of Second Anglo-Mysore war are,

    ( i) By entering into the ‘Salbai Agreement’, the British were successful in winning over the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad to their side.

    ( ii) Hyder Ali died due to illness during the war in 1782.

    ( iii) The British tried to take advantage of Hyder Ali’s death by invading Mangalore and Bidanoor.

    ( iv) The ‘Treaty of Mangalore’ ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1784.

    ( v) Tippu Sultan decided to protect Mangalore and the coastal regions. He defeated the British.

    12. What were the conditions of Srirangapatanam treaty?

    Answer: The conditions of Srirangapatanam treaty are as follows.

    ( i) Tippu was forced to part with half of his kingdom.

    ( ii) Tippu was forced to pay three crore rupees as war damage fee and had to pledge two of his sons as a guarantee against the payment.

    ( iii) Tippu was also forced to release the prisoners of war.

    ( iv) The British withdrew the combined army from Srirangapatna.

    13. What were the achievement of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV?

    Answer: The achievement of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV are as follows.

    ( i) The progressive visionary of Krishna Raja Wodeyar IV had efficient administration of his Diwans made the Mysore State to become one of the leading provinces in the nation.

    ( ii) He abolished fees in all primary schools to develop primary education. He helped girls education. He started the University of Mysore and also started scholarship to the students continuing education in foreign countries.

    ( iii) New railway lines were laid. Many small and large scale industries were started. Among them the Iron and Steel Factory, Cement Factory, Paper mills at Bhadravathi, Sugar Factory at Mandya. Sandal oil factory at Mysore, Soap factory at Bangalore. Chemical and Fertilisers factory at Belagola and so on.

    ( iv) In 1909 the Indian Institute of Science was established at Bangalore with the help of Tata.

    ( v) Special attention was given to the development of Irrigation. A barrage was constructed across Cauvery near Belagola.

    ( vi) Reforms in Gold mines, establishment of colleges, construction of Marikanive reservoir, Railways, Hospitals and Hydro electric project across Cauveri at Shivanasamudra were started.

    ( vii) Electricity was supplied to Kolar Gold mines and to Bangalore. The first city to be electrified in India was Bangalore.

    ( viii) Mysore became a ‘Model State’ due to his administration. Mahatma Gandhiji called him ‘Rajashri’.

    14 The Fourth Anglo Mysore strengthened the position of the British in Mysore. Discuss. 

    Answer: The political activities against Tippu Sultan became intensified during the period of Lord Wellesley. Tippu’s attempt to form an alliance of local rulers and his closeness with the French angered Lord Wellesley further. Tippu sent an ambassador to France to seek the alliance of the French. This enraged the British. They thought that an alliance between France and Tippu Sultan would threaten the existence of the British in India. Another treaty, Subsidiary Alliance containing inhuman and impractical conditions was forced upon Tippu Sultan. Tippu rejected this. His refusal started the Fourth Anglo Mysore War.

    The war started in 1799. The British were able to destroy the strong fort. Tippu died while fighting the British in 1799. With the death of Tippu Sultan, the British were happy as if the whole India came under their rule. Most of the territories under Tippu’s rule was shared among the British, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad.

    15. Explain the method of resisting the British power by Dondiya Wagh.

    Answer: In 1779 Dondiya Wagh started his career as a cavalry soldier in Hyder Ali’s army and grew to the position of a military general. He built his own private army and fought along with Tippu Sultan. He built a small army and started his operations. He organized the army with the unhappy soldiers of Tippu’s army and the feudatory rulers who had lost power. He captured Bidanoor and Shivamogga forts and made unsuccessful attempt to capture Chitradurga fort.

    An attack was organized by Lord Wellesley on Shivamogga, Honnali, Harihara and other places under the control of Dondiya. Dondiya lost his base. After the capture of Shikaripura, Dondiya ran away towards Gutti, which was under the control of the Nizam of Hyderabad. When the Nizam’s army attacked Gutti, Dondiya had to run towards the regions of the Marathas. The Maratha army attacked him and captured most of his horses, camels and arms. In spite of these, he continued his war fare. Dondiya had recaptured Shikaripura fort and he was scattered by the British army again. The British tried to defeat the army of Dondiya which used to move in the area between Tungabadhra and Malaprabha. They attacked him from all the directions. The British attacked him near Yapalaperavi and killed him at Konagal.

    16.  Explain the method adopted by Rayanna to fight the British.

    Answer: Sangolli Rayanna fought for the independence of Kittur and felt it was his duty to liberate his motherland. He fought against the British and was imprisoned along with Rani Chennamma. He was later released by the British. There are many oral histories about Rayanna. He developed a sense of nationalism and went on organizing an army. He organized secret meetings at sensitive places. He aimed at looting the treasury and taluk offices of the British. He had an army of five hundred men. He became furious with the villagers who were assisting the British army. The British devised a cunning strategy to capture Rayanna. An Amaldar named Krishnaraya joined hands with them. Thus, Rayanna was cunningly captured and brought down to Dharwad. Many of his soldiers surrendered after his arrest. He was declared as a main offender and was hanged to death at Nandagadh on 26th January in 1831.

    17. Explain the contributions of Puttabasappa of Kodagu in the freedom struggle.

    Answer: It is interesting to note that a farmer named Puttabasappa, as Kalyanaswamy. This Puttabasappa later presented himself as Swami Aparampara. This also notes the fluid nature of the rebellion. Puttabasappa took over the leadership of the rebellion. The rebellion started in the hilly region. Puttabasappa organized the rebels and calmed down the people. He declared that tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn, if the rebel government assumed power. The rich farmers, land owners and local chieftains were assured of this move. The capture of the government office in Bellare was the first move in this rebellion. Puttabasappa killed an Amaldhar who was known for his brutality. This further increased the popularity of Puttabasappa. This incident gained more support for the rebellion and the rebellion became more famous. The rebels marched towards Mangalore to capture it. The British were engaged in fortifying their fort in Mangalore. The rebels marched towards Mangalore through Panemangalore and Bantwal. They looted the treasury and prison of Bantwal.

    The British sought the army of Thalacheri, Cannanore and Bombay to quell this uprising. On hearing this development, Puttabasappa and his associates fled towards Sullia. The British captured them with the help of people in Kodagu. Puttabasappa, Lakshmappa, Bangarasa, Kedambadi Ramayiah Gowda and Guddemane Appaiah were hanged to death.

    18. Discuss the Surapura rebellion in brief. 

    Answer: Surapura is at fifty kilometers from the present day Yadgir district. Venkatappa came to the throne after the death of his father Krishna Nayaka. His ascendance to throne was opposed by Krishna Nayaka’s brother Peddanayaka. This resulted in internal struggles. The British interfered in the affairs of Surapura. In 1842, they appointed Meadows Taylor as their Resident and gained proxy power over Surapura. The British government was observing the various developments of Surapura. In 1857, it came to the notice of government that the representatives of Nana Saheb were present in Surapura. This made the British suspicious of King’s intentions. The British appointed an officer named Campbell to report on the various activities of the King. The officer submitted a report to the resident of Hyderabad that the King is involved in maladministration.

    Venkatappa Nayaka is usually presented as the leader of 1857 revolt in Karnataka by the historians. The British army captured Surapura in 1858. The war continued, there is confusion regarding Venkatappa Nayaka’s end.

    III. Activities

    1. Read books on Sangolli Rayanna.

    2. Collect more information on the life history of Rani Chennamma.

    IV. Projects:

    1. Organize a study tour to Surapura. Visit the fort and observe the speciality of the guest house built during the British period. 

    2. Collect information on Mysore Palace.

    1...151617...403Page 16 of 403

    EDITOR PICKS

    POPULAR POSTS

    POPULAR CATEGORY

    ABOUT US

    Yakshagana news website

    Contact us: [email protected]

    FOLLOW US

    © Website Designed and Developed By Karnataka Best Web Design