7th Standard, Social Science, History CHAPTER 7
MYSORE AND OTHER PRINCELY STATES
EXERCISE
I. Fill in the blanks:
1. Mysore was the capital of early Mysuru Wodeyars.
2. After the second Anglo Mysuru War the British signed ‘Mangaluru peace treaty’ treaty with Tippu Sultan.
3. Tippu Sultan was famous as ‘Tiger of Mysuru’.
4. Poornaiah was the Diwan of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III.
5. The Nyaya Vidhayaka Sabha in Mysuru was started in the year 1907
6. Gandhiji described Mysuru State as ‘Ramarajya’.
7. Sir M. Vishveshwaraiah was the first Kannadiga to get ‘Bharatha Ratna’ award.
8. Irwin canal was built by Diwan Sir Mirza Ismail.
II. Answer the following in a sentence each:
1. Who established Athara Kacheri?
Answer: Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar established Athara Kacheri.
2. Where is Dariya Doulath?
Answer: Dariya Doulath is in Srirangapattana, Mysore.
3. Where is Lalbagh? Who started this?
Answer: Lalbagh is in Bangalore. This was started by Hyder Ali.
4. Who ascended the throne of Mysore after Tippu’s death?
Answer: The Krishnaraja Wodeyar III ascended the throne of Mysore after Tippu’s death.
5. Why was the administration of commissioners introduced in Mysuru?
Answer: Krishnaraja Wodeyar III was only five year old boy. The administration was handed over to Poornaiah and appointed him as the Diwan. As they felt that Krishnaraja Wodeyar III did not properly suppress the revolt of Bidanuru of Shivamogga, they dethroned the King. The commissioner’s rule was implemented in Mysuru state.
6. Name the important commissioners of Mysuru.
Answer: The important commissioners of Mysuru are as follows.
- Mark Cubbon (1834-1861 CE)
- Louis Bentham Bowring (1862-1870 CE)
7. What is Punardana?
Answer: In 1881 British handed over the administration of the state again to Chamaraja Wodeyar X. This is called Punardana (Rendition).
8. When did ‘Praja Prathinidhi Sabha’ came into existence?
Answer: The ‘Praja Prathinidhi Sabha’ (‘people Representative Assembly’) was started in 1881 during the reign of Chamaraja Wodeyar X.
9. Where is Kannada Sahithya Parishath? When was it established?
Answer: Kannada Sahithya Parishad is in Bangalore. It was established in the year 1915.
10. Who led the Palace Sathyagraha?
Answer: Palace Sathyagraha was started under the leadership of KC Reddy demanding the accession of Mysore state to India Union soon after achievement of India’s Independence.
III. Discuss in groups and answer:
1. What are the achievements of Hyder Ali?
Answer: The Achievements of Hyder Ali was as follows.
1. Though Hyder was illiterate he knew several languages including Kannada very well.
2. He double folded the territories of Mysore state.
3. A valiant warrior and an efficient administrator, Hyder has earned an important place in the history of Karnataka.
4. Beautiful Lalbagh garden in Bengaluru was started by him.
2. What are the results of the Third Anglo Mysuru War?
Answer: During the course of the Third Mysore war, the British besieged the capital Srirangapattana. Rendered helpless, Tippu signed a peace treaty with the British and surrendered half of his kingdom to the British. He also agreed to pay a huge amount of indemnity. Besides, he surrendered his two sons as hostages to the British. As a result of the war, Tippu suffered much humiliation. Hence he resolved to drive away the British from India. This marked the beginning of the Fourth Mysore War.
3. What are the achievements of Tippu Sultan?
Answer: The achievements of Tippu was as follows.
1. Tippu was well aware of the latest achievements in science. He had a very good library. He built a palace at
Bengaluru and summer palace in Srirangapattana (Dariya Doulath). The walls, pillars and the roof of the summer palace are painted with paintings depicting historical incidents.
2. Tippu put a lot of efforts to enrich his kingdom. His main achievement was popularizing sericulture widely in the state. He modernized his army with the help of French officers. Cannons were being fired in Srirangapattana Mastering the technique of launching rockets was his uniqueness.
3. Tippu sanctioned grants to many Hindu temples and he gave donations to Shringeri Math. He reformed land tenure and helped farmers by giving loans which could be repayed in easy installments.
4. The tomb of Hyder Ali and the Jumma Masjid were great constructions of Tippu. The high Minarets of the Masjid are known for their beauty.
5. He established mints at Srirangapattana and Bengaluru.
4. List the major achievements of Naalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar.
Answer: The major achievements of Naalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar are as follows.
1. He gave 371 acres of land and more than five lakhs of rupees grants to J.N.Tata to start a science institution in Bengaluru.
2. In 1907 ‘Nyaya Vidhayaka Sabha’ also known as Mysore legislative assembly was established by him. This enabled people to discuss their problem through their representatives.
3. The present Mysuru Palace was completed in 1910.
4. He built Krishna Raja Sagara (K.R.S) dam and developed Agriculture in state.
5. The Mysuru Economic Conference was started by him in 1911.
6. He passed the order that backward classes should get special representation in Government Service.
7. He gave voting power to women for the first the time.
5. What are the achievements of Sir M.Vishveshwaraiah?
Answer: The achievements of Sir M.Vishveshwaraiah is as follows.
- Sir M Vishveshwaraiah. He started Iron and steel factory at Bhadravathi, Sandal oil factory at Mysuru. In Bengaluru he started soap factory, Central Industrial workshop, Leather processing and metal factories.
- In order to provide impetus to trade and commerce, Mysuru Chambers of Commerce and Industries was started at Bengaluru. Mysuru Bank was established in the year 1913 to develop trade and commerce.
- He made primary education compulsory and gave importance to technical education. He established an agricultural school at Hebbal in Bangalore. Mysuru University established in 1916 is his greatest achievement in the field of Education.
- In the year 1915 Kannada Sahitya Parishad was established in Bangalore.
- The construction of Krishnaraja Sagara dam continued during the time of Visweshwaraiah and got completed in the year 1932.
- The railway lines between Mysuru and Arasikere; Bowringpete and Kolar were laid.
IV. Match the following:
1. Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar c) Navakoti Narayana
2. Tippu Sultan e) Tiger of Mysuru
3. Naalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar a) Rajyashri
4. Sir M. Vishveshwaraiah b) Bharatha Ratna
5. Jayachamaraja Wodeyar d) First Governor
Activities:
1. Mark the historical places of Mysuru state on the map.
2. Discuss and write: Though Tippu Sultan tried to end the foreign rule, he failed in his mission. Why?
Answer: After the death of his father, Tippu continued the second Anglo Mysore war which was still going on. No one came to his help. Tippu faced the British single handed. Finally the British signed the ‘Mangaluru peace treaty’. Within a short span of time the British and Tippu fought two more wars. Mutual hatred and distrust between the two was the main cause of these wars. During the course of the Third Mysore war, the British besieged the capital Srirangapattana. Rendered helpless, he signed a peace treaty with the British and surrendered half of his kingdom to the British. He also agreed to pay a huge amount of indemnity. Besides, he surrendered his two sons as hostages to the British. As a result of the war, Tippu suffered much humiliation. Hence he resolved to drive away the British from India. This marked the beginning of the Fourth Mysore War. The British forces besieged Srirangapattana. Tippu fought bravely and died in the war.
Tippu Sultan’s policies and controversies had drawn opposition from neighboring states. Many people indirectly opposed him because they accused him of imposing his tyranny on the people by force. Because of this, he did not get the support of the kings of other states in his fight against the British. As a result, he had to lose to the British.
7.2 KELADI, CHITRADURGA AND YELAHANKA
7.3 KODAGU, KITTUR, TULUNADU AND HYDERABAD-KARNATAKA
New words
1 Ganda-berunda – an imaginary bird having two heads.
2 Mandalika – Ruler of a province.
3 Varaha -A gold coin bearing the Varaha seal.
4 Seeme – State
5 Garodi – place of worship
EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1 An important dynasty that ruled Kodagu Haleri dynasty.
2 Chennamma’s faithful Servant Sangolli Rayanna.
3 A dynasty that ruled Tulunadu for a long time is Alupa dynasty
4 Queen of ullal Abbakka Rani.
5 The first Kannada dictionary compiled by Ferdinand Kittel.
6 The city which is famous for thousand pillared based is Mudabidire.
7 Founder of Surapura kingdom Gaddipidda Nayaka.
8 A brave woman who fought against the British in the Halagali rebellion Rami.
9 Famous as ‘Karnataka Gandhi’ is Hardikar Manjappa.
10 A brave leader of Vandematarm struggle is Ramachandra Rao.
Discuss in groups and answer
1 What were the pro-people reforms of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar?
Answer: The pro-people reforms of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar are as follows.
- Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar set up a Central Administrative Office in the capital which had 18 departments. It was the ‘Athara Kacheri’.
- He regulated weights and measures so that the people were not cheated. He took steps to put down corruption in the administration.
- Near Srirangapattana, he built a dam across the river Kaveri in the west and provided water for agriculture.
- By reducing expenditure on administration, he accumulated enormous wealth and rightly assumed the title ‘Navakoti Narayana’.
- A ‘postal system’ was established by him to deliver government letters.
2 What were the results of the Third Mysore war?
Answer: During the course of the Third Mysore war, the British besieged the capital Srirangapattana. Rendered helpless, Tippu signed a peace treaty with the British and surrendered half of his kingdom to the British. He also agreed to pay a huge amount of indemnity. Besides, he surrendered his two sons as hostages to the British. As a result of the war, Tippu suffered much humiliation. Hence he resolved to drive away the British from India. This marked the beginning of the Fourth Mysore War.
3 What were the achievements of Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka?
Answer: The achievements of Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka are as follows.
a ) During Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka’s rule Keladi became an independent kingdom.
b ) He conquered along the coast up to the Chandragiri river. He defeated the Portuguese in Mangaluru with the help of Abbakka, the Queen of Ullala.
c) He also defeated the army of the Adil Shahis and built a pillar of victory at Hanagal.
d ) He patronised all religious sects.
4 What is ‘sistu’?
Answer: The Revenue system introduced by Shivappa Nayaka is known as ‘Sistu’. As per the system the land revenue was fixed on the basis of classification of land.
5 Write a short note on the main achievements of the Keladi Nayakas.
Answer: The main achievements of the Keladi Nayakas are as follows.
i ) The Keladi rulers built temples, agraharas and mathas. The Aghoreshwara temple at Keladi is remarkable for its Sculptures.
ii) The mathas became the centres of charity and education. The rulers gave huge donations to all religious sects.
iii) Chennammaji donated a plot in Mangaluru for construction of a church.
6 Write a short note on Madakari Nayaka.
Answer: Madakari Nayaka was the most powerful and famous ruler of Chitradurga. He was only twelve years old when he ascended the throne. Madakari assisted Hyder Ali in many battles. In spite of this, Hyder was jealous of the bravery of Madakari Nayaka. Determining to destroy him, Hyder laid a siege to the fort of Chitradurga. But he failed to take possession of the impenetrable fort which had seven concentric walls. But his soldiers discovered a secret path into the fort, and tried to slip in when the watchman was not there. By that time the watchman’s wife obavva, had killed many enemies. Even today to the west of the Chitradurga fort there is Veeravanite ‘Obavva’s Kindi’.
Refusing to accept defeat, Hyder Ali again laid siege to the Chitradurga fort. In the pitched battle that followed, Madakari was defeated. He was imprisoned and killed. With the demise of Madakari the dynasty of the Nayakas of Chitradurga came to an end.
7 Why do we remember Onake Obavva even now?
Answer: Hyder Ali’s soldiers discovered a secret path into the fort, and tried to slip in when the watchman was not there. By that time the watchman’s wife obavva, had killed many enemies. Even today to the west of the Chitradurga fort there is Veeravanite ‘Obavva’s Kindi’. That is why we remember Onake Obavva even now.
8. What were the two important achievements of Kempegowda-I?
Answer: The two important achievements of Kempegowda-I are as follows.
1 . He constructed the Basavanagudi Basava temple and the Halasuru Someshwara temple and the expansion of the Gavi Gangadhareshwara temple was his achievement.
2 . He constructed many lakes in Bengaluru.
3 . Kempegowda I also built rest houses and agraharas.
9 Write a note on Kempegowda II.
Answer: He was the son of Kempegowda I. The Kempegowda family ruled with Magadi as their capital. Hence the rulers of this family are called the Magadi Kempegowdas. Kempegowda II set up four watch towers after identifying the boundaries of Bengaluru. During his reign Bengaluru began to grow as a great centre of weaving. Like his father, Kempegowda II attained fame by developing new villages and building temples and lakes. Later the Yelahanka Nadaprabhus kingdom merged with the Mysore kingdom.
10 Why did the Amarasullia rebellion break out?
Answer: Since the peasants of Amarasullia found it hard to bear the heavy burden of land revenue, they rose in an armed revolt against the British. They resolved to drive out the British from Kodagu. This revolt is known as the 1837 Amarasullia revolt. The rebels held Sullia, Puttur, Kasaragod and Mangaluru for thirteen days.
11 Why did Rani Chennamma of Kittur fought against the British?
Answer: Rani Chennamma, adopted Shivalinga Sarja and started administering Kittur.
The Dharwad collector Thackeray made a lame excuse that the adoption was illegal. He suggested that the British government should take over the administration of Kittur. Hearing this Chennamma became extremely angry. She opposed the British policy of suppressing, and decided to fight for the freedom of her land.
12 Why is Karnad Sadashiva Rao remembered?
Answer: Karnad Sadashiva Rao remembered because he is the foremost freedom fighter of Tulunadu. Known as the ‘Deshabhakta’, Karnad Sadashiva Rao rendered unforgettable service to the Harijans. He offered meals to the Harijan children in his home. He was the shining star who sacrificed everything for his motherland.
13 What was the social works undertaken by Kudmul Ranga Rao for the upliftment of the Dalits?
Answer: Kudmul Ranga Rao was at the forefront of Dalit upliftment reforms like movement against untouchability, education for Dalit girls and so on.
14 What were the causes for the revolt of the Bedanayakas?
Answer: The Arms Act passed by the British in 1857 had put a condition that the Indians could own arms only with the prior permission of the Government. The brave and self-respecting Bedanayakas could never accept such a condition. Due to this, a clash took place and the British attacked the Beda Nayakas.
15 Who was Sindhura Lakshmana?
Answer: Sindhura Lakshmana was a remarkable hero who fought against the British. Sindhura village was suffering under the firm hold of the local Inamdars (Gowdas). Lakshmana openly challenged them. Gradually he became the enemy of the British.
16 Write a note on the achievements of Naalvadi Venkatappa Nayaka.
Answer: Naalvadi Venkatappa Nayaka had a plan to fight against the British by unifying the kings of South India. He enlisted Arabs and Rohilas in his army. And he also started to train the army. The British regiment entered Surapura in 1858. A Gunfight ensued between the two parties. The enraged army of Surapura broke the bones of Stuart. Newberry also fell. Their achievements are,
- Surapura Nayakas they have also contributed to the field of culture.
- They built lakes, wells, temples, palaces and Forts. Many Jahagirs were given.
- They had given many Jahagirs and Inam lands to the daily worship and for festivals of their patron Gods Venkataramana at Tirupati and Gopala Swamy.
- They offered patronage to many artists, musicians, painters, sculptors and authors.
- The Surapura Nayaka kings painting stand unique from the traditional art works of Mysore, Vijayanagara style paintings and the artworks produced by the Adilshahi family of Bijapur.
17 Who was Swami Ramananda Tirtha?
Answer: Swami Ramananda Tirtha was the popular leader of the freedom struggle. He travelled all over Hyderabad state organising peaceful Satyagraha.
18 What was the role played by Sharanagowda Inamdar in the Hyderabad Liberation Struggle?
Answer: Sharanagowda Inamdar, the young leader, who organised the under- ground activities by enrolling the youths in the Hyderabad liberation movement. They made lightning attacks on the Razakars in the Hyderabad Liberation movements. The youths organised by him made lightening attacks on the Razakars. As a result, many villages were freed from the atrocities of the Razakars. The people called Sharana gowda Inamdar as ‘Sardar’ out of great respect.