Friday, August 28, 2026
Home Blog Page 14

8th Standard, Social History, CHAPTER-6, JAINISM AND BUDDHISM

yakshadeepa
-
0

8th Standard, Social History, CHAPTER-6

JAINISM AND BUDDHISM

EXERCISES

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1 The first Jain Tirthankara was Rishabha.

2 Vardhamana was born at Kundala grama in Vaishali.

3 Mahaveera attained enlightenment (Kaivalya) in his 42nd year.

4 Mahaveera attained Nirvana at Pavapuri of Bihar in his 72nd year.

5 The original name of Gautama Buddha was Siddartha.

6 Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath near Banaras.

7 The first sermon of Buddha is called Dharma Chakra Pravarthana.

8 Macedonian king who attacked India was Alexander.

II Answer the following questions in brief:

9 Which are the five Vows and Triratnas preached by Mahaveera?

Answer: The five Vows and Triratnas preached by Mahaveera are as follows.

The 5 vows are as follows:

1. Non-violence

2. Truth

3. Astheya

4. Aparigraha

5. Brahmacharya

The triratnas are as follows:

1. Samyakgyan

2. Samyakdarshan

3. Samyakcharitra

10 Name the sects among the Jains.

Answer: The sects among the Jains are as follows.

  1. Swethambars: Those saints and their followers who wear white clothes are called Swethambars
  2. Digambars: Those saints and their followers who do not wear any clothes are called Digambars.

11 Which are the four Noble Truths preached by Buddha?

            Answer: The four Noble Truths preached by Buddha are,

1) The whole world is full of sorrows and suffering.

2) Desire is the main cause for sorrows.

3) Only by the liberation of excessive desires peaceful life could be led.

4) For eliminating desire one should follow Eight Fold Path.

12 What is the middle path?

            Answer: The ‘Eight Fold Path’ preached by Buddha is called the Middle Path.

13 Which are the Eight Fold Path preached by Buddha?

Answer: The Eight Fold Path preached by Buddha are,

1. Right Action

2. Right Speech

3. Right Vision

4. Right Livelihood

5. Right Effort

6. Right Recollection

7. Right Resolve

8. Right Thought.

14 Write a note on the Tripitikas.

                Answer: After Buddha’s death, his followers collected his teachings and tradition in the form of Tripitakas. These are Vinaya, Dhamma and Abhidhamma pitakas. Over a period of time, disagreements developed in the teachings and different branches of Buddhism sprang up. Thus Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana and their sutras came into being. Today we see many organizations across the globe adopting different ways of realizing Buddha.

III Activities:

1 Collect information about the life of Mahaveera.

Answer: Vardhamana was born in Kundala grama in Vaishali, one of the republics. His father was Siddhartha, the king of the Gnatrika tribe. His mother was Trishaladevi, the princess of the Republic of Licchavi.  Vardhamana controlled his senses and achieved power over comfort and pain. Due to this achievement, he came to be known as ‘Mahaveera’ and became a ‘Jina’. A Jina was one who had overcome his senses and become victorious. Thus his followers came to be called Jains. Mahavira (599/540 BCE – 527/468 BCE) was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism, known for renouncing his royal life at age 30 to become an ascetic in search of spiritual enlightenment. After 12 years of intense meditation, he attained Kevala Jnana (perfect knowledge) at age 42 and then spent 30 years teaching non-violence (Ahimsa), truth, and the Jain principles of conduct to spread peace and liberate souls.

Mahaveera spent his last 30 years in preaching his knowledge to the people around the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. He travelled towards Western India preaching his thoughts. He attained nirvana in his 72nd year in Pavapuri of Bihar.

2 Collect pictures related to the life of Gautama Buddha.

8th Standard, Social, Sociology, CHAPTER 10 – MAN AND CULTURE

yakshadeepa
-
0

8th Standard, Social, Sociology CHAPTER–10

MAN AND CULTURE

Exercises

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Culture means cultivate.

2. Conventions are activities engage in again and again in our daily lives.

3. We get to see unity pluralistic culture in India.

II. Answer the following in brief:

4. What is culture?

Answer: Culture is that complex system involving knowledge, the arts, morality, law, customs, abilities and talents that we learn being members of society. In short, whatever we are, that is our culture.

5. Give examples of the cultural diversity in your environment.

Answer: The cultural diversity in our environment are

There cannot be the same kind of culture in any society. There will be different cultures depending on the religions and life styles followed by the people.

  1. A classroom or neighbourhood might have students or residents who speak different native languages, such as Hindi, English, or local Kannada dialects. 
  2. People might wear different traditional clothes like a sari, a salwar kameez, or a lungi, reflecting their regional and cultural background
  3. The different groups of people celebrating festivals such as Diwali, Eid, or Christmas, each with its own rituals and traditions. 

In India we get to see a pluralistic culture consisting of hundreds of tribes, thousands of castes, many races and hundreds of languages. That is the reason why India is said to have unity in diversity.

6. What are customs and traditions?

Answer: Culture is made up of beliefs, values, rules, social conventions and morals. These can collectively be called customs and traditions.

7.  Give examples for customs and traditions.

Answer:  Customs are practices that are followed regularly by individuals or a community. The example for customs and traditions are

  1. Celebrating festivals such as Diwali (Festival of Lights), Holi (Festival of Colours), which bring people together. 
  2. Indian practices like wearing a saree or dhoti, performing Namaskara as a greeting, removing footwear before entering a temple.
  3. Using the Namaskara or Namaste gesture to greet elders or others, showing respect. 
  4. Enjoying regional dishes like dosas and sambar in the South or biryanis in the North, as a significant part of culture. These are shared practices, beliefs, or ways of life passed down through generations that define a community’s identity. 

The example for customs and traditions in local are

  1. Bisuparaba
  2. Nagaradhane
  3. Keddasa (Bhumipooja)
  4. Aati amavase
  5. Aati  hunime
  6. Tulasi Pooja
  7. Ugadi

III. Answer the following in four-five sentences each:

8. What are conventions? Give an example of a convention.

Answer: Conventions are the activities we engage in again and again in our daily lives.

We engage in eating, sleeping, greeting and other similar activities according to the prevailing conventions without giving much thought to them. These activities are inseparable parts of culture. For example, you do not ask your teacher everyday how you have to sit down to eat or sit in the class. You will have learnt all of them just through practice of conventions. Conventions enable us to do our daily duties without any hesitation.

9. Explain cultural diversity.

Answer: There cannot be the same kind of culture in any society. There will be different cultures depending on the religions and life styles followed by the people. We call this pluralistic culture. Even when cultures vary, they can influence one another deeply. For instance, the chudidar worn by women is a kind of dress which has come from the South-West Indians to us. In the same manner, the trousers and shirts that we wear, the English language that we speak have come to us from the British. In India we get to see a plu­ralistic culture consisting of hundreds of tribes, thousands of castes, many races and hundreds of languages. That is the reason why India is said to have unity in diversity.

10. Describe the various aspects of culture.

    Answer: The culture divided into two groups. They are,

    1. Material culture
    2. Non material culture
    3. Material culture: Material culture are tangible objects created and used by people in a society, such as clothing, tools, technology, architecture, and food.
    4. Non material culture: Non material culture are tradition, belief, ritual and custom, Moral values, ideals, art, literature, religion language etc.

    IV. Activity:

    1. Describe a fair held in your locality and discuss about it with your elders.

    8th Standard, Social Science, History, CHAPTER 4 – PROMINENT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE WORLD

    yakshadeepa
    -
    0

    8th Standard, Social Science, History, CHAPTER 4

    PROMINENT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE WORLD

    EXERCISES

    I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

    1. The writings of Egyptian Civilization are called hieroglyphics.

    2. The kings who ruled Egypt are called ‘Pharaohs’.

    3. The Greeks referred to Mesopotamia as ‘Land between the rivers’.

    4. The most famous king of the Amorites is Hammurabi.

    5. ‘Princep’ means ‘The First Citizen of the State’.

    6. The language of the Romans is Latin language.

    7. Texcoco is a lake in Mexico.

    8. The important deity of the Incas was the Sun God

    II Match the following:

    A                                                          B

    i. Hwang River                                         a Mesopotamia

    ii. Cuneiform                                            b King of the Amorites

    iii. Cleopatra                                            c Shang

    iv. Hammurabi                                        d China

    v. Chinese dynasty                                   e the last Egyptian queen

    Answer:

    A                                                          B

    i. Hwang River                                         d China

    ii. Cuneiform                                            a Mesopotamia

    iii. Cleopatra                                            e the last Egyptian queen

    iv. Hammurabi                                        b King of the Amorites

    v. Chinese dynasty                                   c Shang

    III Answer the following questions in brief:

    9. Which are the civilizations of ancient Columbia?

    Answer: The civilizations of ancient Columbia are Maya, Aztec and Inca.

    10. Who are the ‘Mayas’?

    Answer: The American-Indian aborigines of Yucutan area of Mexico are called the Mayas.

    Their language is called Yucutec. Physically, the Mayas were short, brown complexioned, long-haired and generally round- headed people. The Mayas were the most advanced among the ancient American Indians.

    11. How are ‘mummies’ preserved?

    Answer: The dead body would be smeared with various chemicals and wrapped with a thin cloth. The entire body was in this way preserved. The body protected thus was called ‘mummy’. It would be kept in a specially designed coffin. The grave was considered the true ‘place’ for an Egyptian. Hence all around the dead body, items needed for daily use and small dolls of a cook and barber would be kept to fulfil all future needs.

    12. Write a paragraph on the Pyramids.

    Answer: The dead body would be smeared with various chemicals and wrapped with a thin cloth. The entire body was in this way preserved. The body protected thus was called ‘mummy’. It would be kept in a specially designed coffin. The grave was considered the true ‘place’ for an Egyptian. In the beginning, graves were created by carving into boulders on the hills. As the Egyptians moved north, they had to construct graves in the desert itself. Tall towers were built on these graves using huge blocks of stone in order to protect the eternal sleep of the dead. Kings and wealthy people vied with each other to build taller and taller towers. The Greeks called these structures ‘Pyramids’.

    13. How was ‘Hwangho River’ China’s sorrow?

    Answer: The River which led to the establishment of the Chinese civilization was known as ‘China’s Sorrow’. This was the Hwang Ho River. During the floods this river changed its course in an unpredictable manner and inundated houses and agricultural lands. It would render all the canals useless. This was the reason the people of that area referred to it as the ‘Symbol of Sorrow’.

    Additional Questions:

    1. What is ‘Ziggurat’?

    Answer: The Sumerians, the hilly tribe from the north, were the first to come here. They who used to worship their gods on top of the hills, after coming to the plains, built artificial hills and established their places of worship there. These were called Ziggurat.

    2. The legendary Hanging Gardens was one of the seven wonders of the Old World.

    3. What are the Contribution of Egyptians?

    Answer: The Egyptians were expert farmers. They knew a lot about irrigation. They had built temples. They invented the calendar which has helped us to measure time. More than anything else, they had mastered the art of writing. It was a symbolic language. It consists of small drawings and has been called hieroglyphics (sacred writings).

    4. Mesopotamia is an area which lies in a valley between two rivers.

    5. Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Chaldeans – used this system of writing, which was called Cuneiform.

    6. Who were the first ones to evolve a system of writing in Mesopotamia?

    Answer: The Sumerians were the first ones to evolve a system of writing in Mesopotamia.

    7. What is Cuneiform?

    Answer: Cuneiform is a system of writing which used in Mesopotamia. For 30 centuries all those who entered the fertile valley – Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Chaldeans – used this system of writing, which was called Cuneiform.

    8. Who was the creator of Hanging Gardens of Babylonia? Why was the garden built for?

    Answer: The King Nebuchadnezzar II was the one who created the gardens of Babylonia. Nebuchadnezzar’s wife Amitis was from Mead. It is said that Nebuchadnezzar got the gardens built in order to console his wife who was missing the beautiful environment of hills, trees and flowers of her motherland.

    9. How did the ‘The Great wall of China’ built?

    Answer: The Chinese Empire consisted of many small provinces. Seven big states were created bringing these smaller provinces under them. Every state that was created thus, constructed a wall along its boundary for protection. Emperor Qin Shihuangti ordered that the walls of the northern Chinese states be connected. This enabled the northern walls to ward off the attacks of invaders from the north. The construction of the great wall began in the 7th century B.C.E. and continued till the 16th century C.E. The worn-out parts were repaired and strengthened. When the work was completed it stretched to more than 5000 kilometres. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

    10. Write a note about Greek civilization.

      Answer: The Greeks came from the north to the region of the Aegean sea. These tribals who were mainly shepherds, came in search of grasslands. Every group which came in this manner had a distinctive name like the Acheans, the Ionians and the Dorians. These people called themselves Hellenese or the Greeks. The Greeks originally belonged to tribes. There used to be a king looking after many tribes. The people used to engage in agriculture and animal-husbandry. They also used to engage in making pots, swords and ornaments. Trade was through barter system. Battles and conquests formed adventurous activities of their lives. The Greeks believed that their Gods lived on Mount Olympus. They prayed for good harvests and success in their various activities. There were no priests among the Greeks. The king prayed on behalf of all the people.   

                  

      11. What are the two classes in in the Roman society?

        Answer: The two classes in in the Roman society are the Patricians and the Plebians. The Patricians were the elite in society. They were land-owners and formed the upper class. It is they who controlled the Senate. The Plebians were the common people. They were the ordinary workers, small land-owners, artisans, small traders and soldiers. Their rights were limited.

        12. Where was Inca Empire spread?

          Answer: The Inca empire which flourished during the 15th and 16th centuries spread in the areas of Peru, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina.

          13. Write a short note about the art and culture of Inca civilization.

            Answer: The talent of the Incas can be seen more in their organizational ability than in their artistic interests. The palace on the island in Lake Titicaca and the Moon Temple are two famous buildings of the Incas. The Incas had developed new ways of making pots, cloth and in working with metals. Creation of gold jewellery had progressed very well in parts of North Peru. The chest shields, pictures of the Sun in the temple, and the designs on the gold ornaments of the palace are a testimony to their creative craftsmanship in gold work. There was a Sun Temple in all Inca centres. They worshipped objects of nature like the Moon, the Stars and lightning, and prayed to other natural phenomena.

            IV Activities:

            1. Learn about the life history of the Greek philosophers from your teacher.

            2. Study and watch Shakesphere’s drama Julius Ceasar.

            3. Collect information about the Nile River.

            7th Standard, Social, History, Chapter 3 – ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS TO INDIA

            yakshadeepa
            -
            0

            7th Standard, Social, History, Chapter 3

            ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS TO INDIA

            EXERCISES

            I. Answer the following questions in a sentence.

            1. Who were the first Europeans to reach India through sea route for trade?

            Answer: Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach India through sea route for trade.

            2. Who discovered the sea route to India?

            Answer: Vasco da Gama discovered a new sea route to India.

            3. What was the capital of Dutch?

            Answer: Pulicat was the capital of Dutch.

            4. When was the British East India Company established?

            Answer: The British East India Company established in 1600 CE.

            5. Name the trade centers of the French.

            Answer: The trade centers of the French are Pondichery, Machalipatnam, Calicut, Mahe, Karaikal and Chandranagar.

            6. Who was the Mughal emperor who granted ‘Dastak’ to the British?

            Answer: Farrukh Siyyar was the Mughal emperor who granted ‘Dastak’ to the British

            II. Discuss in groups and answer the following.

            1. List out the causes responsible for the decline of the Portuguese in India.

            Answer: The causes responsible for the decline of the Portuguese in India are as follows.

            1. Possession of strong navy by the Dutch and the English posed a formidable challenge to the Portuguese.
            2. Portuguese Government officials became highly corrupt, losing their loyalty. Later reduced their government a pathetic condition.
            3. Religious fanaticism was the reason for the decline of the Portuguese. They attempted to convert the locals forcefully.
            4. With the decline of Vijayanagar Empire, their trade declined.

            2. What were the causes that led to the decline of the French?

              Answer: The causes that led to the decline of the French are,

              1. French army commanders in India were not given complete support by the Government of France.
              2. Political confusion and revolutions took place in France. This led to their decline in India.
              3. French Navy was not superior to the English Navy.

              III. Match the items from list ‘A’ with the information given in the list ‘B’.

              A                                              B

              1. Portuguese                              a) Pondicherry

              2. Dutch                                       b) Calcutta (Now Kolkata)

              3. French                                      c) Pulicat

              4. English                                      d) Goa

              Answer:

              A                                              B

              1. Portuguese                              d) Goa

              2. Dutch                                       c) Pulicat

              3. French                                      a) Pondicherry

              4. English                                      b) Calcutta (Now Kolkata)

              1. What are the causes for the rise of Portuguese in India?

              Answer: The causes for the rise of Portuguese in India are as follows.

              1. Zamorin, the King of Calicut granted trade permission, to voyager Vasco da Gama.
              2. In 1509 CE, Albuquerque was appointed as Governor (Viceroy) of India. In 1510 C.E he captured Goa from the Sultan of Vijayapur. Until Portuguese left India, Goa remained as the capital of the Portuguese.
              3. Successive Governors after Albuquerque established colonies at Diu, Daman, Salsette, Bassein, Chawl, Mumbai Santhome and Hugli in Bengal and other places.

              2. Name the trade centres of Dutch in India.

                Answer: The trade centres of Dutch in India are,

                1.  Agra,
                2. Machalipatnam,
                3. Surat,
                4. Karaikal,
                5. Nagapatnam,
                6. Cochin

                3. Pondicherry was the capital of the French.

                4. Name the trade centres of French in India.

                Answer: the trade centres of French in India are,

                1. Pondichery,
                2. Machalipatnam,
                3. Calicut,
                4. Mahe,
                5. Karaikal and
                6. Chandranagar.

                Activity:

                Draw the map of India and locate the early European settlements.

                7th Standard, Social, Civics, Chapter 10 – UNION GOVERNMENT

                yakshadeepa
                -
                0

                7th Standard, Social, Civics, Chapter 10

                UNION GOVERNMENT

                EXERCISES

                I. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word:

                1 The person holding the highest office in the Republic of Bharath is the President

                2 The two houses of Parliament are ‘Lok Sabha’ and the ‘Rajya Sabha’

                3 The Lower house of Parliament is ‘Lok Sabha’.

                4 The tenure of Rajya Sabha members is six years.

                II. Discuss in groups and answer

                1 Which are the three organs of the Union Government? What are their functions?

                            Answer: The Union has three organs. They are Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. Their functions are,

                Legislature: The function of this organ is to make laws. Besides, it checks the Executive.

                Executive: This organ implements the laws through the administration.

                Judiciary: This organ gives judgements.

                2 What are the qualifications required to become a Member of Lok Sabha?

                Answer: The qualifications required to become a Member of Lok Sabha are as follows.

                (1) One should be a citizen of India.

                (2) They must be at least 25 years of age.

                (3) They should not hold any post in the government.

                (4) They should not have lost mental health.

                (5) They should not have been sentenced to imprisonment.

                (6) They should not be insolvent i.e. not having enough money to pay one’s debts.

                (7) They must have to obtain the eligibility assigned by the Parliament time to time.

                3 Who has the authority to amend the Constitution?

                 Answer: Parliament has the authority to amend the Constitution.

                4 What is the role of the Prime Minister?

                Answer: The role of the Prime Minister are as follows.

                1 Prime Minister is the Leader of the Lok Sabha.

                2 Prime Minister has the power to allot portfolios.

                3 Prime Minister is the Head of the Government.

                4 Prime Minister has the power to reshuffle the Cabinet.

                5 On the advice of the Prime Minister, the Ministers are appointed by the President.

                6 Prime Minister recommends to the President for the dismissal of the Ministers.

                5 How is the union cabinet constituted?

                Answer: The union cabinet will constitute as follows.

                1. The President invites the Leader of the majority party elected by the people to form the Government
                2. He appoints him as the Prime Minister.
                3. Later, he appoints the remaining Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.
                4. The Prime Minister and the Ministers form the Union Cabinet.
                5. The Prime Minister allocates Departments to the Ministers. On certain occasion he can demand the resignation of any Minister.
                6. When the Prime Minister resigns, the Cabinet will dissolve with him.

                6. What is ‘Parliamentary system’ or the ‘Cabinet system’?

                Answer: The process of forming the Cabinet in this way is known as the ‘Parliamentary system’ or the ‘Cabinet system’.

                Additional Questions and Answers:

                1. The maximum number of seats in the Lok Sabha is 552.
                2. The Lok Sabha Members are elected for a term of five years.

                3. What are the powers and functions of the Speaker?

                  Answer: The powers and functions of the Speaker are,

                  1. deciding the matters to be discussed in the House
                  2. Maintaining the discipline, peace and dignity of the house.
                  3. Conducting the discussion in a proper manner, and taking decisions.

                  4. The maximum number of seats in the Rajya Sabha is 250.

                  5. The Vice-President of India is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

                  6. What are the powers and functions of the Parliament?

                  Answer: The powers and functions of the Parliament are,

                  1. Legislative powers

                  2. Financial powers

                  3. Administrative powers

                  4. Authority to amend the Constitution

                  7. The ‘President‘ is the head of the Indian Republic.

                  8. A person must have completed 35 years of age to become the President of India.

                  9. What are the powers of the President of India?

                  Answer: The powers of the President of India are as follows.

                  (1) The President appoints the Leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha as the Prime Minister. On the advice of the Prime Minister, he appoints the other Ministers.

                  (2) The assent of the President is necessary for any Bill to become an Act.

                  (3) The Supreme command of the Defence Forces is vested in the President. He has the power to declare war.

                  (4) The President has the power to appoint the Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

                  (5) He has the power to grant pardon and authority to reduce punishment.

                  Activities

                  1 Meet the Lok Sabha Member of your Constituency and learn about his functions and duties.

                  2 Conduct a model Parliament Session in your school.

                  3 Prepare a list of the Prime Ministers of India and display it in your school.

                  7th Standard, Social science, Geography, CHAPTER 14 – SOUTH AMERICA

                  yakshadeepa
                  -
                  0

                  7th Standard, Social science, Geography CHAPTER 14

                  SOUTH AMERICA

                  EXERCISES

                  I Fill in the Blanks:

                  1 The locals of the continent of South America are called Red Indians.

                  2 The largest country in South America is Brazil.

                  3 World’s highest waterfall found in South America is Angel Falls (974 m).

                  4 World’s highest lake is Lake Titicaca.

                  5 The grassland of South America is called Pampas

                  II Answer the following:

                  1 Explain the location and Extent of S.A.

                  Answer: A large part of the South American continent lies mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. The Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, pass through the continent. It is triangular in shape, broader in the north and tapers towards the south. It’s latitudinal and 

                  Longitudinal extant is 120 N to 560 S latitudes and 350 W to 810 W longitudes. The continent of South America is located in the western Hemisphere. 

                  The continent is surrounded by water bodies on all sides except in the north. In the north, the Panama Canal separates South America from North America. The Caribbean Sea borders the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the east and north-east, the Pacific Ocean lies in the west and the South is bordered by the icy waters of Antarctica.

                  2 Mention the important grass lands of South America.

                  Answer: The important grass lands of South America are as follows.

                  1. The Pampas of Argentina
                  2. The Llanos of Venezuela
                  3. The Campos of Brazil

                  3 Name the important plants and wild animals of South America.

                  Answer: The important plants and wild animals of South America.

                  Plants: cotton, sugarcane, cocoa, and coffee,

                  Wild animals: jaguar, Puma, anaconda, capybara, and spectacled bear, Llama and Alpaca

                  4 Name the important cities with high density of population in South America

                  Answer: The important cities with high density of population in South America are as follows.

                  Buenos Aires,

                  Rio-de-Janerio,

                  Valparaiso,

                  Sao Paulo,

                  Lima, Bogotá,

                  Caracas,

                  Santiago

                  Additional Questions and Answers:

                  1. South America is the fourth largest continent in the world.
                  2. South America is the world’s largest producer of coffee.
                  3. South America is called the Land of Grasslands.

                  4. What are the major physical divisions of the South America continent?

                    Answer: The major physical divisions of the South America continent are as follows.

                    1. The Andes Mountains.

                    2. The Eastern highlands.

                    3. The Central lowlands.

                    4. The Western Coastal Plains.

                    5. Which are the important rivers in South America?

                    Answer: The important rivers in South America are Amazon, Parana, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Orinoco.

                    6 . South America is known as the ‘Continent of Birds’.

                    7. What are the major crops of South America?

                    Answer: The major crops of South America are Maize, wheat, Rice, Coffee, Cotton, Cocoa, Sugarcane etc.

                    8. Brazil is the world’s largest producer of coffee.

                    9. Brazil is the leading producer of sugarcane and it is second largest producer in the world.

                    10. The cowboys of South America called gauchos who rear the Cattle.

                    11. The largest forest in the world is Amazon rainforest located in South America.

                    Activities

                    1 On the outline map of South America mark the countries and their capitals, important mountains, rivers, lakes, grass lands with the help of good Atlas.

                    2 Make a list of important plants, animals and birds found in S.A. and collect their pictures.

                    7th Standard, Social science, Geography CHAPTER 14 – SOUTH AMERICA

                    yakshadeepa
                    -
                    0

                    7th Standard, Social science, Geography CHAPTER 14

                    SOUTH AMERICA

                    EXERCISES

                    I Fill in the Blanks:

                    1 The locals of the continent of South America are called Red Indians.

                    2 The largest country in South America is Brazil.

                    3 World’s highest waterfall found in South America is Angel Falls (974 m).

                    4 World’s highest lake is Lake Titicaca.

                    5 The grassland of South America is called Pampas

                    II Answer the following:

                    1 Explain the location and Extent of S.A.

                    Answer: A large part of the South American continent lies mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. The Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, pass through the continent. It is triangular in shape, broader in the north and tapers towards the south. It’s latitudinal and 

                    Longitudinal extant is 120 N to 560 S latitudes and 350 W to 810 W longitudes. The continent of South America is located in the western Hemisphere. 

                    The continent is surrounded by water bodies on all sides except in the north. In the north, the Panama Canal separates South America from North America. The Caribbean Sea borders the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the east and north-east, the Pacific Ocean lies in the west and the South is bordered by the icy waters of Antarctica.

                    2 Mention the important grass lands of South America.

                    Answer: The important grass lands of South America are as follows.

                    1. The Pampas of Argentina
                    2. The Llanos of Venezuela
                    3. The Campos of Brazil

                    3 Name the important plants and wild animals of South America.

                    Answer: The important plants and wild animals of South America.

                    Plants: cotton, sugarcane, cocoa, and coffee,

                    Wild animals: jaguar, Puma, anaconda, capybara, and spectacled bear, Llama and Alpaca

                    4 Name the important cities with high density of population in South America

                    Answer: The important cities with high density of population in South America are as follows.

                    Buenos Aires,

                    Rio-de-Janerio,

                    Valparaiso,

                    Sao Paulo,

                    Lima, Bogotá,

                    Caracas,

                    Santiago

                    Additional Questions and Answers:

                    1. South America is the fourth largest continent in the world.
                    2. South America is the world’s largest producer of coffee.
                    3. South America is called the Land of Grasslands.

                    4. What are the major physical divisions of the South America continent?

                      Answer: The major physical divisions of the South America continent are as follows.

                      1. The Andes Mountains.

                      2. The Eastern highlands.

                      3. The Central lowlands.

                      4. The Western Coastal Plains.

                      5. Which are the important rivers in South America?

                      Answer: The important rivers in South America are Amazon, Parana, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Orinoco.

                      6 . South America is known as the ‘Continent of Birds’.

                      7. What are the major crops of South America?

                      Answer: The major crops of South America are Maize, wheat, Rice, Coffee, Cotton, Cocoa, Sugarcane etc.

                      8. Brazil is the world’s largest producer of coffee.

                      9. Brazil is the leading producer of sugarcane and it is second largest producer in the world.

                      10. The cowboys of South America called gauchos who rear the Cattle.

                      11. The largest forest in the world is Amazon rainforest located in South America.

                      Activities

                      1 On the outline map of South America mark the countries and their capitals, important mountains, rivers, lakes, grass lands with the help of good Atlas.

                      2 Make a list of important plants, animals and birds found in S.A. and collect their pictures.

                      7th Standard, Social Science, CIVICS CHAPTER 9 – INTRODUCTION TO LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL TERMINOLOGIES

                      yakshadeepa
                      -
                      1

                      7th Standard, Social Science, CIVICS CHAPTER 9

                      INTRODUCTION TO LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL TERMINOLOGIES

                      LEGISLATIVE:

                      EXERCISES

                      Answer in one sentence:

                      1 What is the root word of Legislature?

                      Answer: The word Legislature or Parliament is derived from French word ‘Parler’ and Latin word ‘Parliamentum’, which means to talk or discuss.

                      2 What is Legislature?

                      Answer: Legislature is called the ‘mirror of public opinion’ as it is a platform where representatives of the people of a nation come together to express their opinion.

                      3 What is Unicameral Legislature?

                      Answer: A Legislature which has only one house is Unicameral Legislature.

                      4 What is Bicameral Legislature?

                      Answer: A Legislature having two houses is Bicameral Legislature.

                      Activities:

                      1 Organize a Mock Parliament in school.

                      2 Organize Mock Parliament in school sessions and discuss the matters in there assembly.

                      3 Inform the students to watch legislative assembly sessions telecasted in the television.

                      EXECUTIVE:

                      EXERCISES

                      I. Fill in the blanks with the suitable word:

                      1 The organ which implements laws is Executive.

                      2. All modern states have the aim of establishing welfare state.

                      3. The electing the head of the state in Ancestral method is hereditary monarchy

                      4. The President of India is elected by indirect election.

                      II. Answer in one sentence:

                      1. What is root word ‘executive’?

                      Answer: The word ‘karyanga’ is the version of the English word ‘Executive’. It comes from the medieval Latin word ‘Exsequi’. It means ‘carry out the work’.

                      2. Which organ is called the administrative organ?

                      Answer: The Executive is called the administrative organ.

                      3. Who is the real head of the executive?

                      Answer: The Prime minister is the real head of the executive.

                      4. What is direct election method?

                      Answer: An Executive or representatives elected by the people or voters for fixed period is called direct election method.

                      III. Answer the following questions:

                      1. Write the meaning of the Executive organ.

                      Answer: The word ‘karyanga’ is the version of the English word ‘Executive’. It comes from the medieval Latin word ‘Exsequi’. It means ‘carry out the work’.

                      According to Garner “The executive is the organ of government that implements the will of the State expressed through the legislature, the constitution and the decisions of the judiciary’’

                      2. State the importance of the Executive organ.

                      Answer: The Importance of the Executive organ are as follows.

                      1. The Executive acts as a machinery of the government

                      2. Implementing the law

                      3. An effective Democratic tool

                      4. An instrument of Welfare state

                      5. Sign of Nation’s honour

                      3. Write the functions performed by the Executive.

                      Answer: The functions performed by the Executive are as follows.

                      1. Enforcement of Laws
                      2. Appointment-making Functions
                      3. Defence, War and Peace Functions
                      4. Policy-making
                      5. Conducting Foreign Policy
                      6. Preparing and Executing the National Budget
                      7. Managing Government Operations and Resources

                      Activities:

                      1. Contact the administrator of local institutions and list their administrative functions.

                      2. Collect information about the heads of executive bodies of five countries and collect their picture.

                      JUDICIARY:

                      EXERCISES

                      I. Fill in the blanks with the suitable word:

                      1 The root of word of judiciary is ‘Justitia’

                      2. The protector of rights is Judiciary.

                      3. ‘We are under the constitutions, but as the constitutional judge says’ is said by Charles Evans Hughes

                      4. The present Chief justice of the Supreme Court is Justice Bhushan Ramakrishna Gavai

                      II. Answer the following questions:

                      1. List the significance of judiciary.

                      Answer: The significance of Judiciary are as follows.

                      1. Protecting Laws

                      2. Protection of Rights and Freedom

                      3. Civil welfare and security

                      4. Establishment of order in the state

                      5. Building public trust

                      2. State the functions of judiciary.

                      The Functions of Judiciary are as follows.

                      1. Interpreting the Law

                      2. Judicial Decision

                      3. Issuing writs

                      4. Giving judicial advice

                      5. Judicial review

                      Activities:

                      1. Arrange a mock court in your school and discuss.

                      2. Visit the nearest court and observe its proceedings.

                      Additional Questions and Answers

                      1. Names of Legislature of different countries.

                      Answer: Names of Legislature of some countries are,

                      1. India – Parliament

                      2. Maldives – Majlis

                      3. Germany – Bundestag

                      4. Isarel – Knesset

                      5. France – National Assembly

                      6. Denmark – Folketing

                      2. What are the importance of Legislature?

                      Answer: The importance of Legislature are as follows.

                      1. Law making:

                      2. Formation of the government

                      3. Amendment of the Constitution

                      4. Solutions to Public Grievances (Issues)

                      5. Mirror of National Life

                      3. Name the two types of Legislature.

                      Answer: The Legislature is classified into two types. They are,  

                      I. Unicameral Legislature

                      II. Bicameral Legislature

                      4 . What are the powers and Functions of Legislature?

                      Answer: There will be lot of debates and discussions on many issues and bills in the houses, on the opinions of the people. Legislature is its internal form of the government. The Legislature has the widespread powers.

                      5. What are the types of Executive?

                      Answer: The types of Executive are as follows.

                      1. Nominal status Executive

                      2. Real Executive

                      3. Parliamentary Executive

                      4. Presidential Executive

                      5. Single Executive

                      6. Plural Executive

                      7. Political Executive

                      8. Permanent Executive

                      6. What are the two Structures of Judiciary?

                      Answer: The structure of the judiciary differs from nation to nation. Each country has its own judiciary which is adjusted to the political system of the respective country. The two Structures of Judiciary are,

                      1. Structure of the unified judiciary
                      2. Structure Federal Judicial System

                      7th Standard, Social science, Geography, CHAPTER 13 – NORTH AMERICA

                      yakshadeepa
                      -
                      0

                      7th Standard, Social science, Geography CHAPTER 13

                      NORTH AMERICA

                      EXERCISES

                      I Fill in the blanks with suitable word:

                      1 The Continent of North America is called the recently discovered Continent.

                      2 In Canada, the people whose occupation is to cut trees are called lumberjacks.

                      3 World’s wheat Basket is Prairies.

                      4 Coniferous forest is called as Taiga.

                      II Answer the following:

                      1 Mention the location and extent of N A.

                      Answer: North America is located entirely to the north of the equator. It extends from 7° N to 84° N latitudes. The tropic of cancer (23½° N.L) passes through the continent in the 

                      South and the Arctic Circle (66 ½° N Arctic circle) in the north.

                      North America is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Arctic (North cold) Ocean in the north. It is separated from the continent of Asia by the Bering Strait. It has a land link with South America by the Isthmus of Panama.

                      2 Make a list of important countries of North America.

                      Answer: The important countries of North America are as follows.

                      1. Canada        2. United States of America (USA)      3. Mexico        4. Guatemala

                      5. Cuba            6. Honduras    7. Nicaragua    8. El Salvador  9. Costa Rica

                      10. Panama     11. Jamaica     12. Trinidad and Tobago         13. Bahamas   14. Puerto Rico

                      15. Belize        16. Guadeloupe           17. Martinique            18. Haiti          19. Barbados

                      20. Dominican Republic

                      3 How are the Grand Canyon of Northern America formed?

                      Answer: The Colorado river has caused the formation of the ‘Grand Canyon’ through its massive erosion. The Colorado river drains into Colorado plateau and forms the Grand Canyon. It is a centre for scenic beauty and tourism. The Grand Canyon is called ‘Natural wonder of the world’.

                      4 Name the important plants and animals of NA.

                      Answer: The important plants and animals of NA are as follows.

                      The trees: Cypress, Oak, ash and chestnut, coniferous and deciduous trees, hardwood trees like mahogany and logwood, birch, beech, maple, oak, Cactus and thorny bushes etc.

                      The animals: Beaver, Black Bear, Polar Bear, Silver fox, Musk rat, Lynx, Sable and Porcupine.

                      5 Make a list of important rivers of NA.

                      The important rivers of NA are as follows.

                      1. The Mississippi, 
                      2. Missouri, 
                      3. Colorado,  
                      4. St. Lawrence, 

                      6 Mention the majority of the people and their languages found in North America.

                      Answer: Most of the North Americans are Europeans, American Indians and Africans. Most of them speak Spanish, English, French or American language and Indian languages.

                      Additional Questions and Answers:

                      1. What causes helped North America to become one of the richest and economically dominant continent?

                      Answer: North America’s abundant resources are the basis for the development of science and technology. A large domestic market, international trade relationship, development of good means of transportation etc., have helped North America to become one of the richest and economically dominant continent.

                      2. North America has a land link with South America by the Isthmus of Panama.

                      3. North America is the third largest continent in area (16.46%) in the world after Asia and Africa.

                      4. There are 24 countries in North America.

                      5. Mention the physical divisions of North America.

                      Answer: The Continent of North America is divided into four major physical divisions. They are:

                      1. The Western cordilleras or the Rocky Mountains

                      2. The Great Central plains

                      3. Canadian shield

                      4. The Appalachian Highlands

                      6. The Colorado river has caused the formation of the ‘Grand Canyon’ through its massive erosion.

                      7. Mention the lakes in North America.

                      Answer: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior are the important Lakes in NA. Together they are called HOMES. Lake Superior is the largest of the Great lakes and is the largest fresh water lake in the world.

                      8. What is crop Belt?

                      Answer: Regions specialized in the production of specific crops, are called Crop belt. For ex: Corn belt, Wheat belt, Cotton belt, Tobacco belt etc.

                      9. Wheat is one of the popular cereals grown in North America, especially in Canada and USA.

                      10. Cuba is popularly called the Sugar bowl of the world.

                      11. Why California is called the “Wine Country”?

                      Answer: California produces 90% of the wine by using grapes in North America. Therefore California is called the “Wine Country”.

                      12. The city of Pittsburgh is called the ‘Steel city’

                      13. Chicago is famous for plastic industry.

                      Activities: 

                      1 On the outline map of North America, mark the important mountains, rivers, great lakes and plains with the help of the Atlas.

                      2 Make a list of important plants and animals. Found in NA and Collect their pictures.

                      7th Standard, Social, Civics, CHAPTER 11 – STATE GOVERNMENT

                      yakshadeepa
                      -
                      0

                      7th Standard, Social, Civics, CHAPTER 11

                      STATE GOVERNMENT

                      EXERCISES

                      I. Fill in the blanks with a most appropriate word:

                      1 Teacher’s representatives are the members of Legislative Council house.

                      2 Suvarnasoudha is in Belagavi city.

                      3 The Assembly proceedings will go on under the leadership of Speaker.

                      4 The Governor is appointed by President.

                      5 The number of members of Karnataka Assembly is 224.

                      II. Discuss in groups and answer

                      1 What is meant by bicameral legislature?

                      Answer:  A Legislature having two Houses is known as ‘Bicameral Legislature’.

                      2 Who is the M.L.A. of your Constituency?

                      Answer: Ashok Rai is the M.L.A. of our Constituency.

                      3 Mention any three powers of the Governor.

                      Answer: The powers of the Governor are as follows. 

                      1. The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and, on his advice, appoints the rest of the Ministers.

                      2. Bills passed by the Legislative Assemblies requires the assent of the Governor. 

                      3. If there is any constitutional instability in the state, the Governor can report to the President and dissolve the State Government. 

                      4. When the President dissolves the State Government, there is the President’s rule in the State, and the Governor takes charge of the administration of the State.

                      4 What are the main powers and duties of the Chief Minister?

                      Answer: The main powers and duties of the Chief Minister are as follows.

                      1. The Governor appoints the Ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister.

                      2. The Chief Minister has the power to allocate and change the portfolio’s of the ministers.

                      3. The Chief Minister has the power to dismiss the Ministers. 

                      4. He plays an important role in maintaining good relationship between the Centre and the State.

                      5. The progress of the State depends upon the good governance of the Council of Ministers under the leadership of the Chief Minister.

                      5 Write the duties of an M.L.A.

                      Answer: The main responsibility of the M.L.A. is to travel in their constituency, participate in the happiness and sorrows of the people and solve their problems. They must take special interest in the welfare programmes. In order to facilitate the Members to carry on their work, they are given monthly salary and certain facilities. They have certain rights and protection.

                      Activities

                      1 Go and watch the proceedings of the Vidhanasabha and Vidhanaparishad along with your elders or watch them on television.

                      2 Meet the Assembly members of your constituency and know about his duties.

                      3 Prepare a list of the Chief Ministers of Karnataka and display it in the school.

                      1...131415...403Page 14 of 403

                      EDITOR PICKS

                      POPULAR POSTS

                      POPULAR CATEGORY

                      ABOUT US

                      Yakshagana news website

                      Contact us: [email protected]

                      FOLLOW US

                      © Website Designed and Developed By Karnataka Best Web Design